Shifting Tides: Egypt’s Unexpected Path After the 1973 War

What prompted Egypt to move from a socialist state to a capitalist one, from Israel’s adversary to its reluctant diplomatic partner, from being a country with a strong national identity to a deeply divided one? The answer is war

Dynamics of change and continuity in Egypt today

The first of two issues that contain a collection of papers delivered at the Cairo Papers 20th Anniversary Symposium, this volume covers political and economic issues. Contributors include: Ali E. Hillal Dessouki, John Westley, Galal Amin, Ibrahim Awad, Paul Sullivan, Mostafa Kamel al-Sayyid, Andrew Tabler, Ann McLennan Smith, and Charles Perreault.https://fount.aucegypt.edu/faculty_book_chapters/1973/thumbnail.jp

Appendix: Documents on Constitutional and Parliamentary Life in Egypt, 1952-1977

[English translations of documents referenced in the edited volume Democracy in Egypt; followed by a table of contributors.]https://fount.aucegypt.edu/faculty_book_chapters/2262/thumbnail.jp

Teratogenic effects of Khat (Catha edulis) in New Zealand rabbit

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate morphometric and histopathological abnormalities during organogenesis in liver, kidney, brain, spinal cord, heart, Lung, digestive tract and spleen in rabbit feti in response to oral administration of Khat prepared from leaves of khat tree (Catha edulis). Materials and methods: The current work was carried out with apparently healthy adult New Zealand rabbits (n=27; 3 males and 24 females) weighing 2.5±0.5 Kg. The female rabbits were divided into four equal groups. Three goups (low, medium and high dose groups) were treated with Khat. The groups were given 3 mL, 6 mL and 12 mL extract/Kg bwt once daily from day 8 to 18 of gestation, respectively. The control group was given distilled water only. All females were slaughtered on day 28 of gestation. Visceral organ were subjected for histopathological examinations. Results: Khat was found to be associated with hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rabbits. The kidney of feti of treated dams showed subcapsular hemorrhages along with mild vacuolar degeneration of some renal tubular epithelium. Glomeruli were atrophied, and moderate degenerative changes were observed in renal tubular epithelium and hemorrhages between renal tubules. The liver of the feti showed vacuolar degeneration, necrotic hepatitis, congestion of central veins and hepatic sinusoids, pyknotic clumped nuclei, hemorrhages, edema with atrophy of some hepatocytes, and hyperplasia of Megakaryocytic cells. The Khat also harmed the brain causing hemorrhage, edema, degenerative changes, swelling and necrotic changes of some nerve cells as well as supporting cells. The spinal cord was affected showing degeneration of nerve fibers in white matter and some neurons in grey matter. The heart of treated feti showed congestion of epicardial blood vessels and diffuse degeneration of heart muscles. Lung and alimentary tract only showed congestion of blood vessels. Conclusion: Prenatal exposure of Khat in rabbit induces harmful effects in defferent visceral organs including liver, kidney, brain, spinal cord, spleen, intestine, heart and lung. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(1.000): 25-36

Ameliorative Effect of L-arginine on Monosodium Glutamate Induced Cognitive Hypofunctions in Male Albino Rats

The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of L-arginine (L-A) on cognitive hypofunctions induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). Thirty-six male albino Wistar rats 10 weeks old (180 to 200g) were divided into 4 groups: Group I: received distilled water, group II received L-arginine (L-A) 500 mg/kg, group III received 2 mg/kg monosodium glutamate (MSG), group IV received L-arginine 500 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg monosodium glutamate by oral gavage for 10 days. Cognitive performance was assessed using novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. The relative brain weight of experimental rats was recorded. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the brain homogenate as oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and dopamine (DA) levels were estimated. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry to serotonin (S-2A) receptors and caspase-3 were performed. Results revealed that MSG can cause a decline in cognitive functions as evidenced by NOR and y-maze tests. Besides, it has a neurotoxic effect as evidenced by increasing MDA level and GPx activity, decreasing SOD and CAT activities, reduced DA level, histopathological alteration in the brain, decreased S-2A receptors, and increased apoptosis as demonstrated by promoted caspase-3. Treatment with L-A 500 mg/Kg BW ameliorated the neurophysiological effects of MSG through improving memory, decreasing MDA level, GPx activity, increasing SOD and CAT activities, increasing DA level, improving histoarchitecture of the brain, improving S-2A receptors and decreasing apoptosis ameliorating caspase-3 protein in the brain