Split Ring Connection of Coconut and Bangkirai Lumber

. This research was a further research on tensile load of three-member connection of Coconut and Bangkirai lumber (Awaludin & Triwiyono, 2003). The new thing done in this experiment is the use of split ring as the connector of the connection. In the previous research (Awaludin & Triwiyono, 2003), two bolts of 15.6 mm were used as the connectors in each connection. Besides the result from experiment, the ultimate tensile load of split ring connection was also analyzed with equations from Euro Code 5 and Awaludin & Triwiyono (2002). The dimension of split-ring connector was 40 mm in diameter, 30 mm in length, and bolt of 12.5 mm was used to tight the connection. Two split ring connectors were placed in every connection. The result shows that the ultimate tensile load of split-ring connection was thirty percent higher than the bolted connection. The displacement of split ring connection was only 67% of the displacement of bolted connection. The ultimate tensile load of experiment was scattered closely to the result of Euro Code 5 and Awaludin & Triwiyono (2002)

Studi Kuat Geser Panel Kayu Vertikal dengan Perkuatan Single Bracing Tulangan Baja Akibat Pembebanan Monotonik

Struktur panel yang digunakan sebagai dinding dalam konstruksi kayu berkontribusi dalam memberikan kekuatan lateral apabila direncanakan sesuai prosedur. Bahan panel di dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari rangka dan penutup berupa plywood yang dihubungkan ke rangka kayu dengan alat sambung paku. Kekuatan lateral pada panel ditingkatkan menggunakan penambahan bracing dari baja tulangan polos pada rangka. Benda uji divariasikan berupa panel kayu tipe I yang dihubungkan dengan rangka kayu LVL dengan alat sambung pakuCN 50 diameter 2.8 mm dan jarak antar paku 240 mm dan panel tipe II berupa panel serupa dengan tipe I tetapi diberikan perkuatan bracing tulangan polos tunggal berdiameter 8 mm posisi tarik menggunakan corner plate sebagai connector antara bracing dan rangka kayu LVL. Pengujian skala penuh dengan pembebanan monotonik dilakukan sampai penurunan 40% dari beban maksimum. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan tahanan lateral panel yang menggunakan bracing dari tulangan polos lebih besar dibanding panel yang tidak menggunakan perkuatan. (Tahanan lateral tipe I sebesar 5625 N dan tipe II sebesar 8265 N

Determination of k for rigid pavement with cakar ayam system using heavy weight deflectometer (case study : Soekarno-Hatta Airport)

ABSTRAK One of the important parameter in determining the Aircraft Classification Number/Paement Classification Number (ACN/PCN) of rigid payement is the modulus of subgrade reaction (k). The current popular way to find the site modulus of subgrade reaction under the rigid pavement is by using the non destructive test with HWD (Heavy Weight Deflectometer). However the program nused to analyzedanalyze the collected data from the site is 0111y applicable for cOllventiol1al rigid pcn\u27emellt. This paper disclI.ue.f the necessary step-by-step procedure to apply the HWD using its accompanied program called ELMOD4 to calculate k ill the study of Soekamo-Hatta Airport, where the rigid pavement uses Cakar Ayam system. From thl\u27 .fwdy it i.\u27 .mggested that the k value of the .mbgrade i.f /5 MNlmJ. Therefore the suhgrade category of the Soekamo. Hattll Airport is D according to the ACNIPCN method Keywords: Pavement, sistem cakar aya

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) sengon: an innovative sustainable building material in Indonesia

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) is recently available in Indonesian markets. The veneers are majority from Sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria), which is a fast-growing timber species native to Indonesia. Their use in practice is limited to non-structural components since Sengon wood species has low engineering properties and less resistance to termite attacks. The LVL production introduced few years ago has significantly improved both mechanical properties and durability as well as has expanded its utilization into various structural components. This remarkable improvement has made LVL Sengon wood as an innovative sustainable building materials in Indonesia. This paper summarized a series of authors’ work conducted since couple years ago to initiate the utilization of LVL Sengon in structural components such as shear walls and floor systems as parts of a project to develop its design standard. In addition, creep behavior of this LVL is also highlihgted here as this phenomenon is essential for designers and engineers to anticipate their designs within their service life. In particular, the test results showed that addition of diagonal members increased both racking resistance and equivalent viscous damping ratio of the developed LVL shear walls. And the LVL floor model which is composed of built-up box joists and plywood sheathing remained liniear-elastic under bearing load up to 18.75 kN/2

Study on Utilization of LVL Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) for Three-Hinged Gable Frame Structures

This study focuses on the utilization of non-prismatic LVL members of wood species Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) for three-hinged gable frame structures. This wood species matures in 6 to 8 years, and the innovative application as LVL product for these structures is evaluated. A full-scale model of a beam-column connection is produced and tested to validate the moment-rotation response predicted by the numerical study using ABAQUS. The FEM results showed a linear-elastic moment-rotation curve response up to a joint rotation of 0.015 radians which is in very good agreement with the experiment. This validated FE model for the beam-column joint was further utilized to generate predictions for the moment-rotation relation using different bolt diameters and configurations. The last part of this study presents an evaluation of the maximum load bearing capacity of three-hinged gable frame timber structures considering a rigid and semi-rigid beam-column joint model. If the load carrying capacity is governed by the yielding of the bolt, the gable frame structure with the rigid beam-column joint overestimates the load bearing capacity by 17% to 25%

Study of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Sengon to Concrete Joint Using Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation

The connection system is a critical part of Timber – Concrete Composite (TCC) floor structures. The behaviour of the connection needs to be known to predict the behaviour of composite structure accurately. Screws are one kind of connector that mostly used in the composite structure due to its installation ease and high withdrawal strength. This study carried out a two-dimensional numerical simulation to examine the behaviour of LVL Sengon-concrete joint using OpenSees software. The lag screw used to connect LVL Sengon and concrete. In this simulation, the screw was assumed as a beam with hinges element that supported by a set of springs representing the strength of LVL Sengon and concrete. Some input parameters for this simulation were obtained from the material test and previous research. The effect of secondary axial force was considered into the load-displacement curve resulted from the numerical simulation.  This study performed several simulations towards the variation of the screw diameter, penetration depth, and concrete compressive strength. The capacity of the connections resulted from the numerical simulation were overestimates the manual calculation using EYM theory and NDS 2018 equations. The capacity of the connection increased about 146% to 284% due to the addition of secondary axial forces. In addition, this simulation can adequately predict the shear force, bending moment, and deformation of the screw. There is a plastic hinge formed in the screw after the screw being deformed a quite large.  It shows the same yield mode with the manual calculation using EYM theory and NDS 2018 equations. This simulation also can show the contribution of each spring elements to resist the load until its ultimate strength

Dietermination of k for rigid pavement with cakar ayam system using heavy weight deflectometer (case study : Soekarno-Hatta Airport)

One of the important parameter in determining the Aircraft Classification Number/Paement Classification Number (ACN/PCN) of rigid payement is the modulus of subgrade reaction (k). The current popular way to find the site modulus of subgrade reaction under the rigid pavement is by using the non destructive test with HWD (Heavy Weight Deflectometer). However the program nused to analyzed analyze the collected data from the site is only applicable for conventional rigid pavement. This paper discuse of the necessary step-by-step procedure to apply the HWD using its accompanied program called ELMOD4 to calculate k ill the study of Soekamo-Hatta Airport, where the rigid pavement uses Cakar Ayam system. From thl\u27 .fwdy it i.\u27 .mggested that the k value of the .mbgrade i.f /5 MNlmJ. Therefore the suhgrade category of the Soekamo. Hatta Airport is D according to the ACNIPCN metho

Pengaruh Variasi Penentuan Kerapatan Bambu Petung terhadap Nilai Modulus Elastisitas Dinamis

ABSTRAK: Pengujian untuk mengetahui kekuatan dari suatu material sangat penting dilakukan. Pengujian yang sering dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan metode statis dan dinamis untuk mencari nilai modulus elastisitas. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui nilai modulus elastisitas dinamis maka nilai kerapatan bambu harus diperhitungkan. Namun, struktur anatomi bambu yang sangat bervariasi dari bagian pangkal sampai ke bagian ujung bamboo mempersulit dalam perhitungan kerapatan bambu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur nilai kerapatan bamboo dengan menggunakan metode ISO dan metode Archimedes dan melihat pengaruhnya terhadap perhitungan nilai Modulus Elastisitas Dinamis bambu Petung

Outdoor Micro-Climate Analysis of Green Buildings on Environmental Affects Using PALM Software

This paper aims to analyse the effect of green buildings towards the environment, which is currently affected by climate change and other problems. Two kinds of comparisons are analysed in this study; 1) A comparison between an area with conventional buildings and an area with green rooftops and 2) A comparison between green rooftops and green floors. Both conventional buildings and green rooftops have as much as 25% of green areas out of a total area measuring 200m2 x 200m2. The results showed that the best microclimate area is case 2 with an average potential temperature of 300.64 K. It has the best performance for potential temperature because of the balanced condition between H/W ratio (0.3) and solar radiation in the area. Case 1 has full width that produces good air circulation, but excessive distance between buildings also allows more solar radiation in the area. Moreover, every material has the ability to retain solar radiation (U-value) which affects the value of potential temperature. On the other hand, case 3 has a closer distance between buildings which results in zero air circulation between buildings and a higher temperatur