Production, proximate, and sensory assessment of Awara produced from fresh and sun dried soybean curd mix

In developed countries, there is a renewed awareness on the utilization of legumes, because they are regarded as versatile functional ingredients that are nutritionally similar to meat and serve as replacements for animal protein. The primary aim of the work was to produce a sun dried Awara(soybean curd) mix that will serve as a preliminary research base, aimed at providing a readily available, acceptable, and affordable protein   supplement when further processed. The mix was obtained by first sun  drying a fresh curd of soybean prepared using a standard acceptable procedure. Therefore, 4/5th of the dry curd was ground into flour, which was separated into different particle sizes, using sieves with pore  diameters of 250ì, 180ì, 132ì, and 118ì respectively. The remaining 1/5th of the dried curd was left unground. It was observed that the flours from 250ì and 180ì aperture sizes did not form curds after reconstitution, due to lack of cohesion. However, flours from aperture sizes of 132ì, 118ì and the unground flour formed curds of increasing cohesion respectively. This  indicated that the unground flour has higher cohesion ability than theother flours, therefore less tendency to scatter during further processing. On the overall acceptability, no significant difference was observed at 1% and 5% between Awara made from fresh curd and that made from dried unground Awara flour.Keywords: Awara, curd, proximate analyses, sensory analyses, soybean

The Existentialism of Feminist Extratextual Reality in Carol Maso’s The Art Lover

The postmodern text takes on the experimental challenge of confronting the lack of a center at the heart of language and dwelling in that void. Carol Maso accesses that void to confront issues of selfhood and authorship in her postmodern novel, The Art Lover (1990). Maso clearly understands that the conventional novel is predicated upon dominant ideologies of truth and identity, as well as on realism rather than existential reality. For her, it fails to represent truthfully the chaos of the world outside the authentic existential experience. She therefore consciously writes differently in order to tell some kind of truth about herself. Yet, as Dwight Eddins observes, by opting out of long-established literary conventions, postmodern authors like Maso are placed in a dilemma: “In humanizing this world, [s/]he lies; in trying not to lie [s/]he is threatened by incoherence and chaos” (205). Maso avoids the problem by fusing experimental writing with narrative conventions. Meanwhile, in her non-fictional writing, Maso asks, “What is a book and how might it be reimagined, opened up, transformed to accommodate all we've seen, … been hurt by … given … taken away?” In using the inclusive term, “we”, she recommends this experimental approach to other marginalized (oppressed or subjugated) authors. In the fiction itself, she indicates a means by which other marginalized female authors can emancipate themselves from the stultifying boundaries of fiction and the stereotypical identities /realities created for them by long-established literary convention. As an embodiment of this question about this project to re-imagine the book, The Art Lover, also invites marginalized readers to reread predetermined notions of a centered identity and accepted reality. Maso invites them to test her theories of the constructed nature of reality in their own lives. The multi-layered text of The Art Lover discusses both authorship and existential experience through the narratives of a fictional author, Caroline Chrysler, and that of the doubly fictional characters in the novel she is writing. Caroline distills something of her own fictional life into her fictional narrative both textually and through the insertion of a variety of intertexts in various media. But it is not just the fictional Caroline, who interpolates her life experience into the text of a novel. The real-world novelist, Carole Maso, does the same. Maso herself appears as a character in the fifth section of the novel, where she reveals that she is, in reality, dealing with the death of her best friend, Gary, who has died of AIDS. Arguably, Maso uses her novel – on a variety of levels - to carve out a space for herself where she can tell the “truth” of her lived experience as a woman and an author. Keywords: Existential Experience; Experimental Writing; Narrative Techniques; Embedded Narrative; and Marginalized Female Authors. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/84-04 Publication date: December 31st 202

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Speed Cameras on Road Safety in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi Roads

The problem of road safety in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi is eminent. According road crash data from the Ministry of Interior, from 1999 to 2007 the average percentage of deaths due to road crashes in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi was 42 percent of the whole UAE. The high death rate due to road crashes has enormous economic and financial loss to the Emirate. The previous research on road safety in the UAE reported that the aberrant driving behavior is one of the major causes for road crashes in the UAE. The aberrant driving behavior includes careless driving, speeding, tailgating, flashing, and disregarding traffic regulations. To control the aberrant driving behavior, and consequently, improve the road safety, a number of strategies have been implemented in the UAE over the last seven years. One of the strategies has been to increase traffic surveillance by installing speed cameras. Speed cameras have been recognized as an effective measure in improving the road safety in many countries including UK, USA, Canada, Australia, and European countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of speed cameras in reducing road crashes on some selected roads in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The road crash data of six years (from 2002 to 2007) was collected from the Road Traffic Safety department in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Using the before and after with comparison group methodology, the data was analyzed to assess the effectiveness of speed cameras. The study found that the speed cameras have been effective in reducing the crashes as well as severity of crashes along the selected roads. However, in order to realize maximum benefits of speed management strategies along these roads, the study recommends: 1) increasing the speed cameras. 2) Using other mechanism of traffic surveillance such as regular police patrol as this would help in detecting various types of traffic violations that cannot be detected by speed cameras such as: sudden deviation, wrong overtaking, following too close to the vehicle in front and tailgating etc… In addition, it is recommended that in order to enhance the effectiveness of speed cameras on these roads and the entire road network in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, the following actions could be taken: Appraising current road safety performance through high-level strategic review; Adopting a far-reaching road safety vision or goal for the longer term; Analysing what could be achieved in the shorter term; Agreeing targets and ensuring accountability across the road safety partnership; Setting Safety Performance Indicators (SPI); Continuous monitoring of targeted and other safety performance indicators; Establishing the effectiveness of specific road safety measures by carrying out before and after studies; and Reviewing and updating of policies and measures with re-distribution of resources towards more cost-effective measures; identifying delays in implementation requiring corrective actio

The First Triangular Representation of The Symmetric Groups over a field K of characteristic pdivides (n-2)

In this paper we will study the new type of triangular representations of the symmetric groups which is called the first triangular representations of the symmetric groups over a field K of characteristic pdivides(n-2)

Prevalence and clinical value of IgA and hidden rheumatoid factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Background: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is so difficult to be diagnosed early and a small subgroup of patients has positive IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) detected by the standard agglutination techniques.Objective: To investigate the prevalence of IgA and hidden RFs among patients with JRA, to evaluate their diagnostic value in comparison to classic RF and to outline their relation to disease activity, severity as well as to therapy.Methods: The study included 46 patients with JRA (31 females and 15 males). Thirty patients had polyarticular JRA, 9 had oligoarticular JRA and 7 had systemic-onset JRA. Twelve patients had active disease. Thirteen systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 32 healthy subjects were studied as controls. Evaluation was carried out clinically and radiologically (using modified Larsen scoring). Laboratory investigations included CBC, ESR, classic IgM RF (latex agglutination), ANA (indirect  immunofluorescence), IgA-RF (ELISA) and hidden RF seropositivity (ion exchange chromatography).Results: All JRA patients had significantly higher IgA-RF (121.5 ± 195.4 mg/dL) and positivity of hidden RF (56.5%) than lupus (14 ± 6.6 mg/dL and 7.7% respectively) and healthy controls (13.7 ± 6.2 mg/dL and 0% respectively). Classic IgM RF had only 10.9% sensitivity in diagnosing JRA. IgA and hidden RFs had higher sensitivities (50% and 56.5% respectively). Specificity, positive and negative predictive values of IgA-RF were 97.7%, 95.8% and 65.7% and for hidden RF, they were 95.5%, 92.9% and 68.3%. Interestingly, combined positivity of IgA and hidden RFs had 100% specificity and positive predictive value for JRA. Classic RF did not correlate with disease activity and severity in terms of ESR, activity score and Larsen Index. In contrast, patients with active disease had significantly higher value of IgA-RF and positivity of hidden RF than those with quiescent disease. Also, IgA-RF had significant positive correlation with ESR, activity score and Larsen index. Similarly, patients with positive hidden RF had significantly higher values of ESR, activity score and Larsen index than those with negative hidden RF. Steroid therapy was associated with significantly higher level of IgA-RF and positivity of hidden RF, perhaps related to disease severity.Conclusion: IgA and hidden RFs are more sensitive tests in diagnosing JRA than classic IgM RF. Also, the combined positivity of IgA and hidden RFs can confirm the diagnosis of JRA in doubtful cases. The fact that IgA and hidden RFs gave positive results in the meantime that classic RF was negative, together with their significant relation to disease activity and severity highlights their clinical value as reliable laboratory markers of JRA.Key words: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid factors, IgA-RF, hidden RF, SLE

Identification and characterization of the Bcl-2- associated athanogene (BAG) protein family in rice

The Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) proteins are involved in the regulation of Hsp70/HSC70 in animals. There are six BAG genes in human that encode nine isoforms with different subcellular locations. Arabidopsis thaliana is reported to contain seven BAG proteins. We searched BAG proteins in Oryza sativa using profile-sequence (Pfam) and profile-profile (FFAS) algorithms and found six homologs. The BAG protein family in O. sativa can be grouped into two classes based on the presence of other conserved domains. Class I consists of four OsBAG genes (1 to 4) containing an additional ubiquitin-like domain, structurally similar to the human BAG1 proteins and might be BAG1 orthologs in plants. Class II consists of two OsBAG genes (5 and 6) containing calmodulin-binding domain. Multiple sequence alignment and structural models of O. sativa BAG proteins showed conservation of surface charge (except OsBAG5) and critical residues for the binding of BAG domain to Hsp70 nucleotide binding domain (NB). Meta analysis of microarray data showed that OsBAG genes are up or down regulated under different stresses (biotic and abiotic). Data obtained from real-time PCR of OsBAG genes under heat stress showed that maximum induction in the expression of all the genes occurred after one hour exposure to heat stress, while reduction in the expression was observed in the following time course and ultimately returned to the basal level at 24 h treatment. These results suggest that OsBAG genes might play important role at the onset of heat stress. A further detailed study may explore the exact function of the members of this gene family and help to make understanding of programmed cell death (PCD) mechanism in plants.Key words: Rice, ubiquitin-like domain, nucleotide-binding domain, real-time PCR

A triclinic polymorph of dichlorido(2-{[2-(isopropyl­ammonio)­eth­yl]imino­methyl-κN}-5-meth­oxy­phenolato-κO 1)zinc

The title compound, [ZnCl2(C13H20N2O2)], was first reported in the monoclinic space group P21/n [Han et al. (2010 ▶). Acta Cryst. E66, m469]. This investigation reveals a triclinic polymorph in the space group P-1 with an asymmetric unit that contains two independent mol­ecules of the mononuclear zinc(II) complex. In each mol­ecule, the ZnII atoms are coordinated in a bidentate fashion by the phenolate O and imine N atoms of the Schiff base ligand. Two Cl− anions complete the tetra­hedral coordination in each case. The most obvious difference between the two forms is that the Zn—L (L = O, N, Cl) bond lengths in both unique mol­ecules are longer than those found in the monoclinic polymorph, or indeed in other similar complexes. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked through N—H⋯O and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the b axis

A grouping scheme for secure multicasting in mobile IPv6

In any secure multicasting environment, group management becomes an important aspect for achieving privacy and integrity of the multicast session. In this paper, group management strategy has been proposed to address thls objective. The multicast group has been divided into subgroups or hash families, each subgroup contains the nodes that maps to the same hash key that is calculated by a hash function. A 'clue' has been added to facilitate the joidleave mechanism for members in the group