On angled bounce-off impact of a drop impinging on a flowing soap film

Small drops impinging angularly on thin flowing soap films frequently demonstrate the rare emergence of bulk elastic effects working in-tandem with the more common-place hydrodynamic interactions. Three collision regimes are observable: (a) drop piercing through the film, (b) it coalescing with the flow, and (c) it bouncing off the film surface. During impact, the drop deforms along with a bulk elastic deformation of the film. For impacts that are close-to-tangential, the bounce-off regime predominates. We outline a reduced order analytical framework assuming a deformable drop and a deformable three-dimensional film, and the idealization invokes a phase-based parametric study. Angular inclination of the film and the ratio of post and pre impact drop sizes entail the phase parameters. We also perform experiments with vertically descending droplets impacting against an inclined soap film, flowing under constant pressure head. Model predicted phase domain for bounce-off compares well to our experimental findings. Additionally, the experiments exhibit momentum transfer to the film in the form of shed vortex dipole, along with propagation of free surface waves. On consulting prior published work, we note that for locomotion of water-walking insects using an impulsive action, the momentum distribution to the shed vortices and waves are both significant, taking up respectively 2/3-rd and 1/3-rd of the imparted streamwise momentum. In view of the potentially similar impulse actions, this theory is applied to the bounce-off examples in our experiments, and the resultant shed vortex dipole momenta are compared to the momenta computed from particle imaging velocimetry data. The magnitudes reveal identical order ($10^{-7}$ N$\cdot$s), suggesting that the bounce-off regime can be tapped as a simple analogue for interfacial bio-locomotion relying on impulse reactions

Synthesis of nanostructured titanium carbide from titanium oxide and Ferro-titanium through mechanical activation

Carbides of Ti have been synthesized directly from its oxides and ferroalloys through high energy mechanical milling and heat treatment. Powders of TiO2 and Fe-Ti mixed with various proportions of graphite were milled in a planetary ball mill for 30 to 90 hours. The milled mixtures were then heat treated at 1100-1300oC for 1 to 2 hours. The as-milled and heat treated powders were characterized by SEM-EDAX, XRD, Pycnometer, and BET techniques. Higher graphite content in the mixture apparently impeded the impact action during milling. Even though longer milling time ensured diminishing particle size, as revealed in SEM, agglomeration was noticed. Formation of carbides of Ti was detected by XRD even in as-milled powders milled for various lengths of time with reduced graphite content along with the change in phase from anatase to rutile. Nanostructured titanium carbide was successfully synthesized under suitable processing conditions using various raw materials. Density, specific surface area and average particle size of the as-milled and heat treated mixtures were correlated with milling time and heat treatment temperature

Understanding the State of LGBTQIA+ Healthcare and Support in Camden County

4.5% of American adults identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual and about 1.4 million adults identify as transgender. This demographic is impacted by many social determinants of health and health disparities, particularly for transgender patients. 33% of LGBTQIA+ patients ranging from a pool of 28,000 surveyed patients have had a negative experience with their health providers, and 8% of them had to educate their physicians about their needs due to physicians’ lack of knowledge about this demographic. Research suggests that there is a reluctance to access mental health services in the LGBTQIA+ community due to homophobia,, difficulties disclosing sexual and gender identity, and fears of being misunderstood

In silico bioprospection analysis for identification of herbal compound targeting Clostridium difficile

655-661Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), the occurrence has been increasing in the community as well as hospital-care facilities, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality rate. C. difficile, anaerobic pathogen greatly associated with antibiotic resistance and majorly linked to the irrational antibiotic use, which accelerate the alarming situation causing endemic as well epidemic globally. It is the budding menace and one of the major sources of nosocomial infection, i.e., hospital-acquired infection. The prevailing risk to public health by the antibiotics and their resistance majorly has driven the urge for utilizing the traditional herbal medicine into a sophisticated approach as a Modern/Ayurvedic Medicinal System (AMS). The current study aims to find out the promising herbals to combat the threat caused by C. difficile by applying herbal informatics as a holistic approach. Total 44 plants were elucidated against the virulence factors of the bacterium using the systematic bioprospection approach, out of which 5 plants were optimized that may be futher validated at the preclinical level

Donor-Acceptor Oligorotaxanes Made to Order

Five donor–acceptor oligorotaxanes made up of dumbbells composed of tetraethylene glycol chains, interspersed with three and five 1,5-dioxynaphthalene units, and terminated by 2,6-diisopropylphenoxy stoppers, have been prepared by the threading of discrete numbers of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) rings, followed by a kinetically controlled stoppering protocol that relies on click chemistry. The well-known copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition between azide functions placed at the ends of the polyether chains and alkyne-bearing stopper precursors was employed during the final kinetically controlled template-directed synthesis of the five oligorotaxanes, which were characterized subsequently by ^1H NMR spectroscopy at low temperature (233 K) in deuterated acetonitrile. The secondary structures, as well as the conformations, of the five oligorotaxanes were unraveled by spectroscopic comparison with the dumbbell and ring components. By focusing attention on the changes in chemical shifts of some key probe protons, obtained from a wide range of low-temperature spectra, a picture emerges of a high degree of folding within the thread protons of the dumbbells of four of the five oligorotaxanes—the fifth oligorotaxane represents a control compound in effect— brought about by a combination of C-H···O and π–π stacking interactions between the p-electron-deficient bipyridinium units in the rings and the π-electron-rich 1,5-dioxynaphthalene units and polyether chains in the dumbbells. The secondary structures of a foldamer-like nature have received further support from a solid-state superstructure of a related [3]pseudorotaxane and density functional calculations performed thereon

EFFECT OF ULTRA-DILUTED HISTAMINE ON HYPOXIC CHICK LUNG TISSUE INFLAMMATORY CHANGES

Objectives: Since its discovery, the role of histamine in inflammation is controversial; thus, according to some authority, it is mainly pro-inflammatory, and according to others, it is anti-inflammatory in nature. In this scenario, we thought that the contradictory results are dose dependent, thus in this study, our aim was to find the specific role of ultra-diluted histamine in pulmonary inflammation. Materials and Methods: Ultra-diluted histamine ( ~1 pg/ml) was administered in chick lung hypoxic inflammation in an restricted organoid culture along with lysozyme, ovalbumin, and blank controls. Results: The ultra-diluted histamine showed a significant role as an anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator agent and the anti-inflammatory action was found similar to lysozyme. Conclusion: Ultra-diluted histamine may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent

A Submodular Approach for Electricity Distribution Network Reconfiguration

Distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) is a tool used by operators to balance line load flows and mitigate losses. As distributed generation and flexible load adoption increases, the impact of DNR on the security, efficiency, and reliability of the grid will increase as well. Today, heuristic-based actions like branch exchange are routinely taken, with no theoretical guarantee of their optimality. This paper considers loss minimization via DNR, which changes the on/off status of switches in the network. The goal is to ensure a radial final configuration (called a spanning tree in the algorithms literature) that spans all network buses and connects them to the substation (called the root of the tree) through a single path. We prove that the associated combinatorial optimization problem is strongly NP-hard and thus likely cannot be solved efficiently. We formulate the loss minimization problem as a supermodular function minimization under a single matroid basis constraint, and use existing algorithms to propose a polynomial time local search algorithm for the DNR problem at hand and derive performance bounds. We show that our algorithm is equivalent to the extensively used branch exchange algorithm, for which, to the best of our knowledge, we pioneer in proposing a theoretical performance bound. Finally, we use a 33-bus network to compare our algorithm\u27s performance to several algorithms published in the literature

Architecture of an end-to-end energy consumption model for a cloud data center

Estimates show that a significant proportion of future ICT related energy consumption will be from Cloud Computing. Based on detail analysis and survey of energy consumption and optimization trends in cloud computing, this research presents a comprehensive end-to-end energy consumption model of a cloud facility extending from the end-user equipment to the data center facility. The model is subdivided into three planes and four associated layers and depicts the cross-plane and cross-layer relationships between the components in terms of energy consumption and potential optimization areas and provides a reference framework for planning power optimization strategies at a cloud facility