A Modified Deficit Weighted Round Robin traffic Scheduling Algorithm for GPON Networks

In this paper, we propose the modified deficit weighted round robin (MDWRR) traffic scheduling algorithm for Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON), which guarantees the real-time priority traffic. The proposed scheduling algorithm is a variation of the deficit weighted round robin (DWRR) algorithm and it assures the highest priority traffic transmission with minimization of delay. WRR algorithm to be aware of bandwidth and improves the fairness. But for certain traffic types, fairness is not the desired behavior. To achieve predictable service for sensitive, real-time traffic, a priority level for scheduling needs to be introduced. By enabling strict priority, or by offering several priority levels and using DWRR scheduling between queues with the same priority levels, service assurance with regards to delay and loss protection can be achieved for demanding traffic types, such as voice and real-time broadcasting. By offering several priority levels and using DWRR scheduling between queues with the same priority levels, service assurance with regards to delay and loss protection can be achieved for demanding traffic types, such as voice and real-time broadcasting

Contributing Factors to Under-Five Child Malnutrition in Rural Bangladesh

Background and objectives: Bangladesh has the highest malnutrition rates in the world. The main objective of this study is to identify and determine the main factors for child malnutrition among children under the age 5 years in rural Bangladesh. Material and methods: This research was conducted in rural areas at Meherpur district in Bangladesh. Convenience sampling method is used and 85 under 5 child information is collected through a structured questionnaire. The information’s of child’s are gathered from the mothers of the child. Malnourished children is measured by using APLS method and WHO Child Growth Standard Median Index. Binary logistic regression model is used to find out the key factors of malnutrition. Results: It is found that family income, maintain proper diet during pregnancy period, proper diet maintain for children have negative significant (p\u3c0.05) effect on child malnutrition. Conclusion: The magnitude of the child’s malnutrition still is of great concern in Bangladesh. Since, poverty, imbalanced diet during pregnancy period and imbalanced diet for under 5 children influences to malnutrition are significantly associated with high prevalence of malnutrition, so government and people should reduce these factor to reduce malnutrition in rural area of Bangladesh

Identifying and Prioritizing the Performance Criteria of Denim Washing Industry in Bangladesh Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

In the midst of the negative growth of textile and RMG industries, the mother industry of Bangladesh, the denim industry, has been doing its part incessantly. While the prospect of the denim industry looks promising from the last few years, the factors that drive this industry forward remain unanswered. Among the process chain of denim manufacturing, most value addition occurs in denim washing. This paper focuses on identifying and prioritizing the performance criteria of the denim washing sector in particular. In this context, export-oriented denim washing factories are chosen and the identified criteria are evaluated by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study is qualitative in nature and the secondary data about the factors were collected initially through review of previous literature, magazines, books, and newspapers. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from 35 factories. The results of the study show that cost, time, quality, and flexibility are the critical factors for success. The findings also seem to be consistent in general in regard to the test results, and it provides insight for improvement in the denim washing industry of Bangladesh

The Experiences of Disadvantages and Discrimination Among the Tea Garden Workers in Bangladesh: An Overview

This paper aims to understand the experiences of disadvantages and discrimination among tea garden workers in Bangladesh. Based on the interviews of 75 tea garden workers, the paper identified few domains where they experience disadvantage and discrimination. The paper recommended government intervention and NGO and INGO initiatives to ensure educational opportunities for their children, provide healthcare facilities and increase wages for the garden workers. The paper has implications for the international community to ensure equitable society and social justice for the vulnerable and minority groups all over the world

The narrative of ‘al-ghraniq al-‘ula’ in the qur’an: a myth or reality

The story of ‘Al-Gharaneeq al-‘Ula’ or ‘prominent deities’ concerns about a historical narrative in the early stage of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is reported to have recited the Surah an-Najm to a large group of Quraysh people, and reached the ayat 19-23, where he uttered the names of their ‘great deities’ such as Lat, Manat and ‘Uzza, he involuntarily recited تلك الغرانيق العلى، وإن شفاعتهن لترتجى “they are the prominent deities, and their intercession is much sought for”. This narrative caused a great havoc among the intellectual circles of the Qur’an and History. The historians, mufassirun and muhaddithun have cited this narrative in their books in details. This has led the readers of the Qur’an, Sunnah and the history of Islam into confusion. The narrative was used by the famous Orientalists like William Muir, Joseph Schacht and others as a tool to dissociate the Qur’an from the divine origin. The claim has also been made that the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was supportive of the pagan deities in the early stage of his mission as a way of getting closer to the Arab Mushriks. The scholars used three Qur’anic ayat for this purpose, which are: Surah An-Najm 19-23, Surah al-Isra 73-75 and Surah al-Hajj 52-54. A careful and closer reading of these Qur’anic ayat reveal the fact that the ayat were interpreted out of the contexts by the interpreters, historians and story tellers. The present research is carried out in order to discover the true fact behind this controversial incident. The research would deal with the incident and its credibility from historical, narrative, sanad and textual perspective to see if it carries some genuineness or is a total fabrication by some anti-Islamic forces to create doubt about the origin of the Qur’an. The study is a narrative, descriptive, analytical and critical one based on the original authentic literatures. It is expected that the article may come out with some clear insights which would help to remove confusion about the incident and the ayat to a large extent

DRUG UTILIZATION BASED ADRs DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTICS PRESCRIBED FOR LRTI IN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL, NEW DELHI

Objective: Aim of to present study was to assess drug utilization pattern of antibiotics use in Lower respiratory tract infection and their adverse drug reaction assessment.Methods: The present study was an observational and prospective study. 110 patients fulfill the inclusion criteria were included in study. Physician prescription records, patient's medication profile types of antibiotics prescribed were recorded and analyzed.Results: Out of 110 LRTI patients, 74 (67.27%) patients were male and 36(32.72%) patients were female. 72 patients were suffered from bronchitis while 38 patients were suffering from pneumonia. 30 patients were in the age range of 56-65 y, followed by 21 patients who were in the age range of 66-75 y. It has been observed that among all the prescribed antibiotic agent's frequency of β-lactam 199(45.53%), quinolones115 (26.27%), macrolides 53(12.12%) chloramphenicol44 (10.06%) sulphonamide 17 (3.89%) and aminoglycosides 9(2.05%) were prescribed to all the patients. Average 3.97 antibiotic agents were prescribed to all the patients. Majority of drugs were given by oral route (68.19%) and Prescriptions are mainly ordered in brand names. The most frequent co-morbid condition was found to be diabetes mellitus (25.45%) followed by hypertension (16.36%) and coronary artery disease (11.81%).45.45%. Only 23 ADRs were detected in 110 patients. The most common culprit was an amoxicillin with clavulanic acid.Conclusion: The present study provides an overall pattern of antibiotic usage in different patients. The area of concern in the present study is polypharmacy and use of antibiotics in LRTI without following any guideline. ADRs monitoring is also required to prevent noxious effects of drugs by the use of antibiotics

A new approach of applying cryogenic coolant in turning AISI 304 stainless steel

In the present study a special device has been designed to apply liquid nitrogen coolant during turning of AISI 304 stainless steel. The base of the device is a magnet and it can be fixed at any suitable position on the tool or tool post. A long flexible and adjustable copper nozzle is used to apply liquid nitrogen at any angle or from any position. Experiments with three positions of the copper nozzle were performed. The results of the investigations showed that the most effective way to apply liquid nitrogen directly to the machining zone without any interference by the chips. Tool life increased four times compared to dry machining under this condition. The next effective way was to apply liquid nitrogen along the principal cutting edge. It was found that application of liquid nitrogen coolant did not improve job surface finish, but all the three positions of the copper nozzle demonstrated almost similar effectiveness

A study of electrode shape configuration on the performance of die sinking EDM

This paper discusses the performance of die sinking EDM due to the shape configuration of the electrode. The effect of electrode shape on material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), wear ratio (WR), and average surface roughness (Ra) has been investigated for mild steel work material and copper electrode. The shapes of the electrodes were round, square, triangular, and diamond of constant cross-sectional area of 64 mm2. Experiments were repeated for three current values of 2.5, 3.5, and 6.5 A. The highest MRR was found for round electrodes followed by square, triangular and diamond shaped electrodes. However, the highest EWR and WR were found for the diamond shaped electrodes. The minimum surface roughness was found for the round electrodes followed by square, triangular and diamond shaped electrodes. However, the influence of the shape of the electrodes on surface roughness was found to be insignificant

An Experimental Investigation of Wind Effect on Pentagonal and Hexagonal Staggered Cylinders

AbstractIn this research work, an experimental investigation of wind effect on pentagonal and hexagonal staggered cylinders was carried out. The study was performed on the group consisting of three cylinders, arranged in staggered form, one pentagonal cylinder in the upstream and another two hexagonal cylinder in the downstream side. The test was conducted in an open circuit wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 4.22 x 104 based on the face width of the cylinder across the flow direction in a uniform flow velocity of 13.5 m/s. The group of three cylinders was taken into consideration for the study and the surface static pressures were measured for various transverse spacing of 2D, 3D, 5D and longitudinal spacing of 1D, 2D, 4D, 6D, 8D, where D is the width of the cylinder across the flow direction. The surface static pressures at the different locations of the cylinder were measured with the help of inclined multi-manometers. The pressure coefficients were calculated from the measured values of the surface static pressure distribution on the cylinder. Later the drag and lift coefficients were obtained from the pressure coefficients by the numerical integration method. The results will enable the engineers and architects to design buildings more efficiently. Since the results will be expressed in the non-dimensional form they may be applied for the prototype building