Achieving sustainable construction in the developing countries Of Southeast Asia

Sustainable construction is a way for the building industry to move towards achieving sustainable development, taking into account environmental, socioeconomic and cultural issues. Differing approaches and differing economic markets lead to different priorities. This paper presents the construction scenario of Southeast Asia and the developments in sustainable construction taking place in the region. Barriers to the implementation of sustainable construction are discussed. A list of recommendations was proposed to drive sustainable construction in the region. In conclusion, the status of sustainable construction in Southeast Asia is still in its infancy. The lack of awareness, training and education and ineffective procurement systems are among the major barriers for sustainable construction in the region. In some countries public policies and regulatory frameworks do not encourage the development of the construction sector. Besides the needs for capacities, technologies and tools, total and ardent commitment by all players in the construction sectors including the governments and the public at large are required in order to achieve sustainable construction in South-East Asia

Maximum and minimum norms for τ-NAF expansion on Koblitz Curve

Background/Objectives: The scalar multiplication in Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC) is the dominant operation of computing integer multiple for an integer n and a point P on elliptic curve. In 1997, Solinas4 introduced the τ-adic non-adjacent form (τ-NAF) expansion of an element n of ring Z(τ) on Koblitz Curve. However in 2000, Solinas estimated the length of τ-NAF expansion by using maximum and minimum norms that obtained by direct evaluation method. In 2014, Yunos et al.9 introduced the formula of norm for every τ-NAF to improve this method. However, a lot of combination of norm should be considered when length of expansion is more than 15. So, the objective of this paper is to built the formulas to calculate the number of maximum and minimum norms for τ-NAF occurring among of all elements in Z(τ). Application/Improvement: With these formulas, we can estimate the length of τ-NAF expansion more accurately

Pengaruh Pengetahuan Berjilbab dan Perilaku Keagamaan Terhadap Motivasi Berjilbab Mahasiswi Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Universitas Islam Riau (UIR)

Pengetahuan berjilbab merupakan salah satu pengetahuan yang dapat dimiliki oleh setiap individu dan merupakan salah satu pengetahuan yang dianggap penting. Dengan memiliki pengetahuan berjilbab, diharapkan seseorang mampu memotivasi diri sendiri dalam memperoleh pengetahuan tentang memakai jilbab, dan mengaplikasikannya dalam bentuk perilaku yang sesuai dengan syar’iat Islam. Motivasi berjilbab merupakan bentuk dari upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan rohaniah yang membentuk pada dirinya suatu kesadaran beragama. Kesadaran beragama seseorang dipengaruhi oleh tingkat penghayatan dirinya dan ajaran yang diyakininya. Namun, fenomena yang penulis temukan kebanyakan mahasiswi di fakultas agama Islam masih adanya mahasiswi yang memakai jilbab tidak sesuai dengan syari’at Islam, masih adanya mahasiswi yang memakai jilbab tetapi tidak dari motivasi dirinya sendiri melainkan karena peraturan kampus, dan masih adanya mahasiswi yang memakai jilbab tidak sesuai dengan perilaku yang mencerminkan ajaran syari’at Islam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh pengetahuan berjilbab dan perilaku keagamaan terhadap motivasi berjilbab mahasiswi Pendidikan Agama Islam Universitas Islam Riau. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan dan analisis data yang telah penulis lakukan, maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pengetahuan berjilbab dan perilaku keagamaan terhadap motivasi berjilbab mahasiswi Pendidikan Agama Islam Universitas Islam Riau. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari 0,05 yaitu 0,001 < 0,05

Hybrid Method for Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) Rotation using FA-ANFIS

PMSM uses the principle of Faraday's experiment by rotating a magnet in a coil by utilizing another energy source. When the magnet moves in the coil or vice versa. The rotation of the machine will change the flux of magnetic force on the coil and penetrate perpendicularly to the coil so that a potential difference arises between the ends of the coil. It is caused by a change in magnetic flux. The Firefly Algorithm (FA) method has been proven successful in overcoming system optimization problems. Modifying the FA is expected to improve its performance of the FA. To get the best control method, it is necessary to vary the speed control model. This study compares the PMSM speed control without a controller, PID Control, PID-FA, and PID-FA-ANFIS. The simulation results show that the best model on the PID-FA-ANFIS controller which is closest to the Speed Reff (2980 rpm) is that PID-FA-ANFIS obtains a rotation profile with the smallest undershot, the fastest steady state, the best output current profile, the best torque profile, and the best stress profile. The results of this study will be followed by other uses of artificial intelligence.    

Effects of time, temperature, and solvent ratio on the extraction of non-extractable polyphenols with anticancer activity of barhi date palm kernels extracts using response surface methodology

Abstract: Dietary polyphenols exist in two forms; extractable polyphenols (EPP) or compounds solubilised by aqueous/organic solvents, and non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP) or compounds remain in the corresponding residues after the extraction. At present, most researchers focus on EEP fractions, while NEPP is neglected. Thus, this study aimed to release NEPP from the remaining powder residue of Barhi date palm kernels (BDPK) with acid hydrolysis. The related extraction conditions were determined and optimised using response surface methodology (RSM) for maximisation of NEPP with highest cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The face-centred central composite design (FCCCD) was used to establish treatments based on three independent variables, namely; extraction temperature, time, and solvent/sample ratio. Under the optimal conditions, the experimental values for DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of NEPP (IC50=57.52µg/mL), and cytotoxicity of NEPP against A549 and HT29 cells were IC50=17.4 µg/mL and 31.4µg/mL, respectively. The experimental values were in agreement with those predicted by RSM models, confirming the suitability of the model employed and the success of RSM for optimisation of the extraction conditions for NEPP from BDPK. These results indicate that NEPP from industrial date fruit waste could be a promising candidate as natural antioxidants with significant antiproliferation effect against A549 and HT29 cancer cells in-vitro

Halophenol Rearrangement in Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Conditions: Evidence of Competitive Initial Protonation and Acylation

Halogen rearrangement was observed during the Lewis acid-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reaction of phthalic anhydride with bromophenols or bromoanisole. Further investigation revealed that 2-, 3-, and 4-bromophenols undergo rearrangement into other isomers under these reaction conditions. Product distribution from these reactions suggested that halogen rearrangement takes place during the s-complex intermediate of the condensation step. Furthermore, iodophenol undergoes hydrodeiodination rapidly rather than rearrangement, whereas chlorophenol does not undergo rearrangement at all

LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of nitric oxide inhibitory fractions of tenggek burung (Melicope ptelefolia Champ. ex Benth)

Solvent–solvent fractionation of the methanolic extract of the popular Malay traditional vegetable “tenggek burung” (Melicope ptelefolia), followed by nitric oxide inhibition assay on RAW 264.7 cells revealed that the most active components reside mainly in hexane and dichloromethane fractions. Online profiling of the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitive fractions of the tenggek burung using liquid chromatography coupled diode array detection and electrospray ion-trap tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–DAD–ESI-MSn), has identified seven constituents. The compounds were identified as kokusaginine (1), compound 2, [kokusagine, (2a) or 5-methoxymaculine (2b)], 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-prenylacetophenone (3), 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranylacetophenone (4), 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranylgeranylacetophenone (5), 3-[4-O-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)phenyl]-2-propenoic acid (6) and 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-farnesylgeranylacetophenone (7). The identity of compounds 1, 4 and 6 were unequivocally confirmed by isolation and spectroscopic evidences, other constituents are tentatively identified, based on their UV, MS, MSn and comparison with literature data. Kokusaginine (1) demonstrated in vitro activity on NO inhibition in murine peritoneal macrophages

Octacosanoic acid, long chains saturated fatty acid from the marine sponges Xestospongia sp.

Octacosanoic acid has been isolated from the marine sponges Xestospongia sp. collected from Bidong Island, Terengganu. The structure was elucidated using various spectroscopic techniques (IR, MS, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR). The structure and bioactivities of this long chains saturated fatty acid compound were reviewed

A total norm of τ-adic non-adjacent form occurring among all element of ℤ(τ): an alternative formula

In this paper, we give an alternative formula of total norms for τ-Adic Non-adjacent Forms (τ-NAF) expansion for an integer n element of ℤ(τ) in Koblitz curve. We apply the geometric series formula to simplify some series involving floor functions in total norms formula. With this approach, we can evaluate the total norm by using the length of τ-NAF expansion

The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene G894T, glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) polymorphisms as a risk factor in the patient with nephrolithiasis

Background The genetic features indicate a crucial role in nephrolithiasis. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of Glutathione-S-transferase Mu (GSTM1), Glutathione-S- transferase Theta (GSTT1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOs) gene polymorphism in nephrolithiasis. Methods We involved a case-control study in which 480 individuals were divided into 240 healthy control and 240 patients with nephrolithiasis. For each patient and control, we measured biochemical criteria, levels of glutathione S-transferase, eNOs, GSTM1, GSTT1genes and eNOS genes polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. Results GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are not a risk features for nephrolithiasis. The eNOS frequency GG, GT, and TT genotypes by using Ban II enzyme as restriction enzyme were found to be (48.33, 36.67, and 15.00) %. The eNOS frequency TT, GT, and GG genotypes by using the Ban II enzyme as restriction enzyme were found to be 15.84, 25.83, and 58.33%, respectively. The result showed an increase in serum eNOs levels were in the patient's group comparing to control. Conclusions This work is the first in the literature to study the relation between eNOs genes polymorphisms and nephrolithiasis. The results conclude that TT genotypes in the eNOs genes are associated with an increase the oxidative stress in patients