Review on biogas production processess

No Abstract

Ultrasonographic Differential Diagnosis of Superficial Swellings in Farm Animals

This report describes the ultrasonographic differential diagnosis of different types of swellings affecting (28) farm animals. The swellings were, abscess (11), cyst (2), hematoma (2), hernia (9) and urethral diverticulum (4). The swellings varied sonographically according to the type, duration, content and location. Cases suffering the same type of swellings may have some degree of difference in echogenicity according to the period of the swelling. Abscesses appeared as hypo/hyperechoic structures with distinct hyperechoic well-developed capsule. Recent hematomas were anechoic with a well demarcated wall, with increased duration, the hematoma gradually became more echoic and textured. The hernial ring was determined as a discontinuation of the abdominal wall echogenicity and the hernial contents were clearly evaluated via ultrasonography. Recent cysts resembled hematoma in compartmentalization but the location and case history helped the differential diagnosis. Urethral dilatation appeared sonographically as an anechoic to hypoechoic homogenous structure with well demarcated wall and acoustic enhancement. Ultrasonography could be considered a successful, noninvasive, rapid technique for differential diagnosis of different types of swellings in farm animals. It could be easily used under field conditions to screen the lesions before the surgical operations and to fellow up the cases after surgery

HMLP,MLP and Recurrent Networks for Carbon Monoxide Concentrations Forecasting: A Comparison Studies.

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a primary pollutant in urban area, due to the major emission from motor vehicles. Forecasting of CO or other gas pollutants concentration are very important since preventive action can be taken if the forecasted CO level exceeds certain value

Collaborative Arrangements and the State of Trust between SMEs and Large Companies in Mandated Business Interactions

The focus of this study is to explore trust between small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and large companies in interorganizational relationships (IORs) that are mandated by government policy. Due to the important contribution made by SMEs to national economies and to the fact that their growth is pivotal for entrepreneurial activities, many governments have made significant efforts to enhance their performance. However, SMEs are constrained by their lack of resources and experience. Some countries have required large companies to collaborate with SMEs to overcome these constraints. Whilst much attention has been devoted to trust in relationships of choice between SMEs and large companies, scant attention has been paid to the state of trust in mandated business interactions. This study explores the state of trust between large companies and SMEs companies in mandated business interactions, identifying those factors that influence trust between them. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 25 key managers from large companies and SMEs were conducted in Oman which has a policy of mandated IORs. The interview data were analyzed thematically. The key findings resulted in a new contextual concept of trust, a refinement of classical trust indicators by which the presence of trust in IORs can be more appropriately detected and the development of a model embracing factors which were found to influence trust. Several new factors not previously commented on in the literature were identified in this study. The findings provide theoretical and practical contributions with recommendations for policy, practice and further research.Ministry of Manpower, Oman

The Effect of the Characteristics of Moderation Values on Composing Islamic Arabic Architecture (The mosque is a case study)

تقوم العمارة على مجموعة من قواعد التشكيل القائمة على الحوار المتبادل مع محيطها الزماني والمكاني، وتمثل المنظومات القيمية بجميعها أحد أكثر العوامل تأثيراً في تشكيل العمارة، ولكون المنهج الاسلامي يمتلك منظومات قيمية متشكلة بفعل المنهج الوسطي القائم على التكامل والتوازن بين الثنائيات مع حفظ العناصر بزمانها ومكانها، ومن هذا المنطلق فإنّ العمارة العربية الإسلامية تسعى أنْ تكون خصائص القيم الوسطية الإسلامية هي المنهج الأساس في صياغتها وتشكيلها بما يلائم الزمان والمكان، والالتزام بهذه الخصائص يمثل الحفاظ على إصالة العمارة العربية الإسلامية و وقارها واتزانها، ومن هنا ظهرت المشكلة العامة للبحث وهي (نقص المعرفة حول خصائص القيم الوسطية في المنهج الإسلامي)، أمّا المشكلة الخاصة بالبحث فهي تتعلق بـ(معرفة طبيعة العلاقة بين القيمة كمنظومة وسطية والتشكيل في العمارة العربية الإسلامية)، مؤشرة المشكلة البحثية بـ(وجود نقص معرفه حول خصائص المنظومة القيمية الوسطية وأثرها في تشكيل العمارة العربية الإسلامية وصياغتها على المستويين الفكري والشكلي وانعكاس ذلك على تشكيل المسجد)، فكان هدف البحث هو محاولة اغناء الجانب المعرفي المرتبط بخصائص المنظومة القيمية الوسطية وأثرها في تشكيل العمارة العربية الإسلامية وصياغتها على المستويين الفكري والشكلي)، مفترضاً البحث أنّ تنوّع خصائص المنظومات القيمية هي التي تقود إلى تنوّع تشكيلات العمارة العربية الإسلامية بمستوييها الفكري والشكلي، متخذا البحث من المساجد حالة دراسية للتحقق من تلك الفرضية، وقد توصل البحث إلى أنّ خصائص المنظومة القيمية من خصائص زمانيّه  والمكانية هي الأكثر تأثيراً في تشكيل العمارة العربية الإسلامية وتليها باقي الخصائص من حيث التأثير في التشكيل.Architecture is based on a set of formation rules based on mutual dialogue with its temporal and spatial environment. Value systems in all their forms represent one of the most influential factors in the formation of architecture. As the Islamic approach has value systems formed by the moderation approach which is based on integration and balance between the duals while conserving the elements in its time and place. The Arabic Islamic architecture seeks to make the characteristics of the Islamic moderation values ​​ the main approach in the formulation and composition in alignment time and place. A commitment to these characteristics represents the preservation of the authenticity, gravity and balance of Arabic Islamic architecture. The general research problem emerges as being the lack of knowledge about the effect characteristics of moderation values ​​on Islamic approach, while the focus of this research is related to understand the nature of the relationship between the value as amoderation system and the composition in the Arabic Islamic architecture. As a result, the research problem was formulated as the lack of enough knowledge about the characteristics of moderation values and their impact on composition of Arabic Islamic architecture and its formulation at both intellectual and formal levels and their reflection on mosques composition. The objective of the research is to construct a comprehensive theoretical framework that tries to enhance the understanding of characteristics of moderation value system and its effect on composing of Arabic Islamic architecture and its formulation on both intellectual and formal levels.  This study assumed that the variance of the characteristics of the values system leads to the variation of composition Arabic Islamic architecture. To check this hypothesis, its application was investigated in mosques a case study. It's concluded that the temporal and spatial characteristics of the value system are the most influential factors in composing Arabic Islamic architecture, followed by other characteristics

Application of microbial biocementation to improve the physico-mechanical properties of cement mortar

AbstractCalcite is one of the most common and wide spread mineral on Earth constituting 4wt% of the Earth’s crust. It is naturally found in extensive sedimentary rock masses, as lime stone marble and calcareous sandstone in marine, fresh water and terrestrial environments. Calcium carbonate is one of the most well known mineral that bacteria deposit by the phenomenon called biocementation or microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP). Such deposits have recently emerged as promising binders for protecting and consolidating various building materials. Microbially enhanced calcite precipitation on concrete or mortar has become an important area of research regarding construction materials. This study describes a method of strength and water absorption improvement of cement–sand mortar by the microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation. A moderately alkalophilic aerobic Sporosarcina pasteurii was incorporated at different cell concentrations with the mixing water. The study showed that a 33% increase in 28days compressive strength of cement mortar was achieved with the addition of about one optical density (1OD) of bacterial cells with mixing water. The strength and water absorption improvement are due to the growth of calcite crystals within the pores of the cement–sand matrix as indicated from the microstructure obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination