LE PRODUIT NE FAIT PAS LA STRATEGIE BOP ! TAXONOMIE DES PRODUITS A DESTINATION DES PLUS DEMUNIS

work in progressParmi les nombreuses interrogations liées aux pratiques BoP, cette proposition de communication a pour objectif de montrer que le produit, seul, ne fait pas la stratégie " BoP ", que l'intérêt et la force de ces stratégies sont dans les processus de mise en place qui accompagnent les plus démunis. En d'autres termes, le point de départ de la réflexion est d'affirmer que tous les produits qui s'adressent à la population du bas de la pyramide économique mondiale, ne sont pas des stratégies BoP au sens de Prahalad (2004). Le terme " BoP " désignant à la fois une population, un marché, des produits, des stratégies, un amalgame se crée. Il est donc important de distinguer les produits à destination des consommateurs émergents des produits issus de stratégies BoP. En s'appuyant sur des exemples de Nestlé au Cameroun, Procter et Gamble en Egypte et Danone en Egypte, nous proposons une taxonomie des produits à destination des plus démunis

Population-specific variations in KCNH2 predispose patients to delayed ventricular repolarization upon dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine therapy

Funding Information: The study was supported by European and Developing Countries Clinical Trial Partnership (grant number RIA2017T-2018), Medicines for Malaria Venture (Geneva, Switzerland), UK Medical Research Council, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, German Ministry for Education and Research, University Claude Bernard (Lyon, France), Malaria Research and Training Centre (Bamako, Mali), Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (Burkina Faso), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant. (Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso), and Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Sant. Rurale (Republic of Guinea). In addition, the authors received support from the Swedish Research Council (grant numbers 2019-01837, 2021-02801, 2021-05666, and 2021-06048), the Grants, Innovation and Product Development Unit of the South African Medical Research Council with funds received from Novartis and GSK R&D for Project Africa GRADIENT (grant numbers GSKNVS2/202101/004), the Robert Bosch Foundation, Stuttgart, Germany, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico (CNPq), Brazil (grant number 200075/2022\u20135). T.N.S. is a CNPq Research Productivity Fellow. M.D.C. performed sequencing, analyzed the data, and conducted statistical analyses. Y.Z. conducted computational variant analyses. M.M.T. was involved in the acquisition of drug concentrations. A.D. and S.S. contributed to bioinformatics analyses. N.O. was the cardiologist responsible for cardiac toxicity assessment. A.H.T, M.L.A., B.F., and I.S. oversaw clinical patient recruitment and management. A.A.D. coordinated and oversaw the WANECAM study and critically reviewed the manuscript. P.J.G. and V.M.L designed and supervised the study. M.D.C. and V.M.L. wrote the manuscript. All authors read, reviewed, and approved of the final version of the manuscript. Funding Information: The study was supported by European and Developing Countries Clinical Trial Partnership (grant number RIA2017T-2018), Medicines for Malaria Venture (Geneva, Switzerland), UK Medical Research Council, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, German Ministry for Education and Research, University Claude Bernard (Lyon, France), Malaria Research and Training Centre (Bamako, Mali), Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (Burkina Faso), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant. (Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso), and Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Sant. Rurale (Republic of Guinea). In addition, the authors received support from the Swedish Research Council (grant numbers 2019-01837, 2021-02801, 2021-05666, and 2021-06048), the Grants, Innovation and Product Development Unit of the South African Medical Research Council with funds received from Novartis and GSK R&D for Project Africa GRADIENT (grant numbers GSKNVS2/202101/004), the Robert Bosch Foundation, Stuttgart, Germany, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento e Tecnol\u00F3gico (CNPq), Brazil (grant number 200075/2022\u20135). T.N.S. is a CNPq Research Productivity Fellow. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 Camara et al.Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is efficacious for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria and its use is increasing globally. Despite the positive results in fighting malaria, inhibition of the Kv11.1 channel (hERG; encoded by the KCNH2 gene) by piperaquine has raised concerns about cardiac safety. Whether genetic factors could modulate the risk of piperaquine-mediated QT prolongations remained unclear. Here, we first profiled the genetic landscape of KCNH2 variability using data from 141,614 individuals. Overall, we found 1,007 exonic variants distributed over the entire gene body, 555 of which were missense. By optimizing the gene-specific parametrization of 16 partly orthogonal computational algorithms, we developed a KCNH2-specific ensemble classifier that identified a total of 116 putatively deleterious missense variations. To evaluate the clinical relevance of KCNH2 variability, we then sequenced 293 Malian patients with uncomplicated malaria and identified 13 variations within the voltage sensing and pore domains of Kv11.1 that directly interact with channel blockers. Cross-referencing of genetic and electrocardiographic data before and after piperaquine exposure revealed that carriers of two common variants, rs1805121 and rs41314375, experienced significantly higher QT prolongations (ΔQTc of 41.8 ms and 61 ms, respectively, vs 14.4 ms in controls) with more than 50% of carriers having increases in QTc >30 ms. Furthermore, we identified three carriers of rare population-specific variations who experienced clinically relevant delayed ventricular repolarization. Combined, our results map population-scale genetic variability of KCNH2 and identify genetic biomarkers for piperaquine-induced QT prolongation that could help to flag at-risk patients and optimize efficacy and adherence to antimalarial therapy.publishersversionpublishe

Reduced ex vivo susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum after oral artemether–lumefantrine treatment in Mali

International audienceBackground: Artemisinin-based combination therapy is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria worldwide. However, recent studies conducted in Mali showed an increased frequency of recurrent parasitaemia following artemether-lumefantrine (AL) treatment. Methods: Study samples were collected during a large WANECAM study. Ex-vivo Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to artemether and lumefantrine was assessed using the tritiated hypoxanthine-based assay. The prevalence of molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance (pfcrt K76T, pfmdr1 N86Y and K13-propeller) were measured by PCR and/or sequencing. Results: Overall 61 samples were successfully analysed in ex vivo studies. Mean IC 50 s increased significantly between baseline and recurrent parasites for both artemether (1.6 nM vs 3.2 nM, p < 0.001) and lumefantrine (1.4 nM vs 3.4 nM, p = 0.004). Wild type Pfmdr1 N86 allele was selected after treatment (71 vs 91%, 112 of 158 vs 95 of 105, p < 0.001) but not the wild type pfcrt K76 variant (23.5 vs 24.8%, 40 of 170 vs 26 of 105, p = 0.9). Three non-synonymous K13-propeller SNPs (A522C, A578S, and G638R) were found with allele frequencies <2%. Conclusion: Malian postAL P. falciparum isolates were less susceptible to artemether and lumefantrine than baseline isolates

Development of Surface Acoustic Wave pressure sensors for monitoring concrete structures

International audienceFor many years surface acoustic waves (SAW) have been used in manufacturing electronic components for industrial and sensing applications. Due to the absence of an embedded electronic system and the possibility of wireless communication this technology can offer a great solution for sensing in harsh environments such as high pressure, temperature and humidity. In the case of refractory concretes, the optimization of the drying cycles has indeed a significant economic impact (reduction of the downtime of the manufacturing lines, energy cost) while making them more efficient and limiting the risks of structural damage. The current sensors on the market are too restrictive on the conditions of use (temperature range, pressure, environment) and therefore do not meet the needs of manufacturers in the refractory concrete sector. Therefore, the objective of the European project named CUBISM, is to fill these gaps by proposing SAW-based pressure sensors capable of operating at much higher temperatures (about 500�C), in wider measurement ranges and in an environment compatible with that of refractory concretes. Developing these types of sensors SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) consists on choosing the right piezoelectric materials, the optimal IDT (Inter Digital Transducer) configuration and the proper geometry that can withstand these hard conditions. Several prototypes, based on resonators and delay lines have been tested at various temperatures and many pressure levels and the first results show a quite good pressure sensitivity. The results obtained so far will be the subject of this presentation

Pyronaridine–artesunate or dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine versus current first-line therapies for repeated treatment of uncomplicated malaria: a randomised, multicentre, open-label, longitudinal, controlled, phase 3b/4 trial

International audienc

Gestion intégrée des ressources naturelles en zones inondables tropicales

De par leur richesse en ressources naturelles renouvelables, les zones inondables tropicales revêtent un intérêt social et économique majeur pour les pays en développement. Cependant, les fleuves tropicaux sont aujourd'hui de plus en plus aménagés pour satisfaire les besoins liés à de nouvelles activités. Les zones jusque-là régulièrement inondées par la crue annuelle se réduisent ou alors les rythmes de leur inondation sont profondément modifiés. Les impacts de tels changements sont nombreux et portent atteinte à la biodiversité et à la durabilité des systèmes d'exploitation. Il s'avère alors nécessaire de définir de nouvelles approches de la gestion de l'eau, des espaces et des ressources vivantes, qui tout à la fois préservent les écosystèmes et prennent en considération les besoins des différents usagers. Tel est l'objectif de cet ouvrage qui pose, dans un premier temps, la problématique sociétale autour de laquelle cette gestion doit être repensée, en faisant apparaître la diversité d'acteurs et d'institutions concernés. Il présente ensuite les acquis les plus récents de la recherche sur le fonctionnement de ces écosystèmes ainsi que sur les pratiques et stratégies déployées par les populations qui les exploitent. Enfin est abordée la question des instruments à mettre en place pour assurer l'effectivité d'une gestion durable des zones inondables tropicales : après avoir fait le point sur les apports de la recherche concernant les outils de traitement et de partage de l'information environnementale, l'ouvrage se termine par un débat sur les conditions de création et de fonctionnement des institutions de suivi, de concertation et de décision