Invariant manifolds mediating collinear hydrogen exchange reaction

We discuss the phase space structure for the collinear hydrogen exchange system crosses an energy barrier. Above the reaction threshold, the system must pass through a Symmetric Stretch Periodic Orbit (SSPO) where the dynamics are structuring a Dividing Surface (DS) that separates reactants and products. At low energy, the SSPO can serve as a dividing surface that satisfies the no-recrossing assumption of Transition State Theory (TST). As the energy increases, saddle-node bifurcations occur on both sides of the SSPO. Above the bifurcation energy, trajectories appear that recross the central DS. The region of recrossing trajectories is bounded by the stable manifolds of the additional Unstable Periodic Orbits (UPOs). We investigate the fractal structure of the TST is violating islands of the DS and how it is determined by the invariant manifolds of the additional periodic orbits. We demonstrate that the various layers are all bounded by the same stable manifold. The second part is devoted to the study of the phase space structure in a region where the stable manifold initiated. It appears that some of the ensemble trajectories do not cross the DS. We demonstrate the area of those trajectories validating the boundary of various layers from those trajectories that do not. Following this, we make use of the symmetry and demonstrate that these various layers appeared on all versions of the DS and are bounded by the symmetric invariant manifolds belonging to the UPOs, which existed on both sides of the SSPO. Finally, we demonstrate those invariant manifolds intersecting each other, before intersecting the DS, which leads to more complicated behaviour.</div

Saudi Women’s Status in the Social Novel Ibrahim Al-Nassir as a Case Study

The Saudi social novel devotes considerable attention to women as a theme analyzing and debating several issues concerning them This article will discuss the status of Saudi women in social novels The article will look at the reason for this interest in women s issues Besides it will examine the factors that lie behind the weak position of women in Saudi society Then it will provide three images of women in the Saudi social novel that symbolize the transformations in Saudi women s status and that appear in al-Nassir s novels traditional women modern women and radical women With regards to the first of these types they do not play an active role in the progress of the fictional events reflecting the passivity of the role they play in real life In contrast their modern and radical counterparts play a central role in the narrative Finally this article will deal with the Arab Women s Liberation Movement which has influenced some of al-Nassir s fiction character

The impact of writing strategies on the written product of EFL Saudi male students at King Abdul-Aziz University

PhD ThesisThe present study investigates the composing processes and strategies in the written composition of final-year Saudi male students majoring in English at King Abdul-Aziz University. The aim of this investigation is to identify and analyse the writing processes of those students in order to understand some of the reasons behind their poor written output. It also aims to investigate the way skilled and less-skilled students compose their English writing, to classify the differences in the use of strategies between the two groups, and to study the impact of using strategies on the written product. Moreover, the thesis tries to gain a deeper understanding of the sub-processes of writing, such as planning, structuring, reviewing, and revising. To this end, data was collected that included written samples, a writing strategy questionnaire (WSQ), and think-aloud protocols (TAP). The findings of the data analysis indicate first that the students have problems at the sentential and intersentential levels. Second, the findings show that the students are conscious of writing strategies, so they are expected to plan, translate and edit their writing. Third, the findings of the WSQ reveal that students do not report what they actually do. Fourth, the results of the analysis of the TAPs show that the students used mainly meta-cognitive, cognitive, and affective strategies. However, only skilled students planned their writing globally or locally, and both skilled and less-skilled students were involved in the cognitive process

The Effects of Social Transformations on Family Ties in the Saudi Social Novel: Ibrahim Al-Nassir as a Case Study

This article investigates the social transformations inside the Saudi family and their effect on intimate family ties Social novels represent a variety of family relationships some of which are still governed by long-established social customs while others have been shaped by the modern era and are more appropriate to contemporary lifestyles This article will begin by comparing the representation of traditional and more modern-style marriages identifying the most significant changes in social customs as a result of social transformation and using this to understand the foundations of relationships within the Saudi family particularly those between husband and wife Two distinct sorts of husband-wife relationships are shown in Saudi narrative discourse The first is the traditional image of the relationship which is devoid of emotion and in which the two parties do not cooperate actively The other a more modern image of the relationship appears to be more harmonious and sympathetic This article will also shed light on parent-child relationships by contrasting traditional and modern images of this relationship in the Saudi social novel Finally this article will also examine the generation gap exploring the critical factors that contributed to its widening This article will explore al-Nassir s novels as a case study using concepts from social studies to achieve a better understanding of the nature of family relationships in the context of rapid social transformatio

Hiatal hernia

61 years old known case of bronchial asthma, chronic pancreatitis, presented with postprandial epigastric cramping abdominal pain and vomiting for one month no history of trauma. Initial evaluation revealed paraesophageal hernia. EGD finding is grade II esophagitis with nodular mucosa and superficial ulceration, Distal part of the funds, body and the Antrum were rolled back into thoracic cavity. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed undulating diaphragm and large complex hiatal hernia. The cardia is above the diaphragm. The entire stomach is in the chest, paraesophageal, right and left to esophagus. The patient is symptomatic and surgery done for him.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

The role of digital knowledge tools (Osint) in raising the efficiency of organizations

This study is a review of the benefits and uses of digital tools for knowledge and a review of the general concepts of open-source intelligence tools, how to benefit from them in organizations in general, and the areas of their uses. The researcher used the documentary approach in this, and the study concluded with the following results: Prove that information can be collected easily from applications or from the Internet using OSINT. Factors, dimensions and influences can be identified that make the value of OSINT high. The stages of collecting intelligence information can also be determined using OSINT tools. The study recommends that every organization should benefit from digital tools. In bringing knowledge in terms of building a system that contains flowing knowledge collected from open sources, countries must also rely on the inevitable technological development to synchronize with the development of OSINT tools, relying on efficiency, effectiveness, and low-cost service, and on further research and studies in the field of ( OSINT) The stages of collecting intelligence information can also be determined using OSINT tools. The study recommends that every organization must benefit from digital tools in bringing knowledge in terms of building a system that contains flowing knowledge collected from open sources. Countries must also rely on technological development. It is imperative to synchronize with the development of OSINT tools, relying on efficiency, effectiveness, and low-cost service, and to further research and studies in the field of OSINT. There is also the need to find a legal cover based on extracting the possible and different results of the information using OSINT tools, and also benefiting from the fields of deep learning and investigative journalism, seeking the assistance of experts in this field, and cooperation between the public and private sectors

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Dental Students and Interns in Saudi Arabia

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a worldwide healthcare problem. Dental health care professionals are at a high risk of infection by HBV. The present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of HBV infection among Saudi dental students and Interns in Saudi Arabia. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of questions on students? knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HBV was used. Data of 420 participants were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) version 22.0. The response rate was 84%. Overall, the participants showed fair level of knowledge about HBV, with significant differences between final year students and the interns. Also, the subjects showed negative attitude toward HBV patients. The vast majority reported always wearing gloves (97.9%), gowns (92.1%), face masks (89.2%), disposable caps (87.1%) and protective eye wear (80.9%). The majority of participants (91.4%) had been vaccinated against HBV. However, only 41% completed the recommended 3 doses of the vaccine. These unsatisfactory findings emphasize the necessity of continued education about HBV in order to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental students and Interns regarding HBV

Reviewing the literature from 2004 to 2023: On How to investment open-source intelligence tools (Osint) in the knowledge economy Literature of the subject

The current study aimed to review the literature from 2004 to 2023 AD to uncover studies and research that addressed how to effectively invest in open-source intelligence tools (Osint) in the knowledge economy. The study reached several results, The most important of which is that information becomes more valuable the higher it is ranked, creating a closed system that values ​​the preservation of secrets more than the accumulation of publicly available knowledge. Open source intelligence has also been more useful than traditional intelligence from the Cold War until today, as it is useful in all fields, not just military, Social and economic development based on competition and measuring progress through knowledge gathered through open intelligence reflects positively on the development of armies and not the other way around. Also, in light of the spread of technologies and communications, development is fundamentally linked in all fields to knowledge and information collected through... the Osint Road. From the presentation of studies, all studies emphasized the importance of investing in open source intelligence tools (Osint) in order to build strong and competitive knowledge economic systems. The study also attempted to fill the gap in studies that addressed the subject of the study. &nbsp

Shaft Resistance of Driven Piles in Overconsolidated Cohesionless Soils

Piles are structural members that transfer the applied load of superstructures to deep supportive layers of soil or bedrock. Besides controlling the settlement of structures, piles provide sufficient capacity that other foundations cannot provide or provide only at a high cost. Despite ample research on the shaft resistance of displacement piles in cohesionless soils, the mechanism of such resistance remains unclear. Consequently, theories on shaft resistance have generated several discrepancies in predicting the capacity of displacement piles in cohesionless soils, not only due to the complexity of modeling cohesionless materials and collecting field data but also because the role of overconsolidation in such soils, which is often neglected. Although the critical depth of pile foundation in cohesionless soils has long been debated, definite conclusions have yet to be drawn. Overconsolidation in cohesionless soils directly affects the lateral earth pressure that acts upon the pile shafts and thus upon pile capacity. Overconsolidation can occur naturally or artificially when the ground surface is subjected to erosion, excavation, or unloading, often due to glacial melting, the demolition of structures, raised water tables, compaction, or vibration. This thesis presents an experimental investigation into the capacity of driven piles in overconsolidated cohesionless soils. Tests, with an emphasis on the shaft resistance and the critical depth, were conducted on long piles in a setup that permits measuring the overconsolidation ratio in the test tank as well as the total and local shaft resistance on the pile’s shaft. Shear stress distribution along the pile’s shaft showed some dependency on embedment depth ratio (L / D). Also, critical depth was observed for shaft resistance only when mean shaft resistance was analyzed, and was in line with Meyerhof’s (1976) results. An analytical model was also developed based on limit equilibrium analysis using the horizontal slice method to predict the shaft resistance of a pile driven into normally consolidated cohesionless soils. The model assumes an inclined failure surface around the pile that accounts for the shear and normal stresses upon it. Critical depth was not only observed but also increased linearly as the angle of shearing resistance increased. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed and validated experimentally to perform 200 pile load tests in soils with various densities and at a range of embedment depths. Design theories to predict the shaft resistance of displacement piles in cohesionless soils and the critical depth were developed, design charts are presented

I have never touched her: the body in Al-Ghazal Al-‘Udhri

Al-ghazal al-‘udhri emerged as a remarkable literary genre in Arabic literature during the Umayyad period (7th-8th centuries CE). The leaders of this genre are famous poet-lovers who were known for their dramatic love stories and unique poetry, such as Majnun Layla, Qays Lubna and Jamil Buthaynah. There is a common presumption of the absence of the concept of the body in al-ghazal al-‘udhri; most scholars to date have only reproduced commonly- held ideas about the purity of ‘udhri love without doubting its supposed chastity. This thesis, however, argues that the body has a privileged position in al-ghazal al-‘udhri. It shows that the body’s presence is represented, realistically or allegorically, in various ways, both in anecdotes ascribed to ‘udhri poets as well as in their poetry. Although some critics have discussed the theme of the ‘depiction of the beloved’s body’, it is the contribution of this study to illuminate the ‘ethereal nature of beauty’ in this depiction. Moreover, this thesis provides a discussion about the symbolic body in ‘udhri poetry. It provides a departure from the prevailing views on the ‘udhri phenomenon in studies of classical Arabic literature. It opens the door to new discussions on the relationship between love poetry and Arab society in the classical age. It is also a contribution to literary studies of representations of the body