The Effect of Employing Green Chemistry Strategies on Environment

The green chemistry branch is concerned with providing the chemical compounds needed by humans in the safest way and with lowest possible energy resources consumption, to eliminate the pollution of the environment and ensure the restoration of a safe life and a clean environment. In a deep studying to the green chemistry branch and its mechanisms and principles as a science linking chemistry to the environment. The results confirmed the importance of green chemistry and the necessity to grow and develop this branch; also, the results showed the role played by the technological revolution to develop green chemistry and how it recommended with applying Green chemistry strategies in various fields, whether in industrial or even developing countries. Keywords: key words, orkforce sizing, job-shop production, holonic mode

Waves in Partially Ionised Multi-Fluid Solar Atmospheric Plasmas

Waves in solar and space plasma are one of the most natural manifestations of dynamics. Waves are driven by restoring forces that oppose changes in the equilibrium state. The solar atmospheric plasma is a complex environment, where the plasma changes from being controlled by pressure forces to a regime where dynamics is driven by magnetic forces, but also where the plasma changes from being partially ionised to fully ionised. The present Thesis deals with the study of waves in partially ionised plasma using a multi-fluid framework. In particular, we study the nature and characteristics of waves propagating in partially ionised plasmas in the strongly and weakly ionised limits. By means of analytical and numerical investigations of small amplitude waves with frequencies comparable with the collisional frequency between particles are analysed by solving the governing equations. Our research focused on the limiting cases of weak and strong ionisation. We have shown that in the strongly ionised limit only the slow waves associated to the charged species are affected by cut-off effects, and the dynamics of waves connected to neutrals is driven by the collision with charges. In the weakly ionised limit the dynamics of the plasma depends on the strength of collisions and their relative magnitude compared to the gyro-frequencies of charged particles. In the photosphere the particles are not magnetised and acoustic modes undergo a very quick damping. The cut-off wavenumbers are determined only by collisional frequency. With the decrease of number density of particles, only electrons are magnetised, while ions are tightly coupled to neutrals. Due to the different motion of the charged particles, electric currents develop that could play an important role in the process of plasma heating. The present Thesis constitutes a presentation of my results I obtained during my PhD studies at the University of Sheffield

On the Kinetic Energy Density Functional: The Limit of the Density Derivative Order

Within ``orbital-free'' density functional theory, it is essential to develop general kinetic energy density (KED), denoted as $t(\mathbf{r})$. This is usually done by empirical corrections and enhancements, gradient expansions, machine learning, or axiomatic approaches to find forms that satisfy physical necessities. In all cases, it is crucial to determine the largest spatial density derivative order, $m$ in, $t(\mathbf{r})$. There have been many efforts to do so, but none have proven general or conclusive and there is no clear guide on how to set $m$. In this work, we found that, by imposing KED finitude, $m=D+1$ for systems of dimension $D$. This is consistent with observations and provides a needed guide for systematically developing more accurate KEDs

Tracking The Change in The Number of Residential Buildings Using Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study for an Area in The North of Riyadh

This study aims to determine the urban expansion in a specific area in the north of the city of Riyadh using Remote Sensing techniques and Geographic Information Systems based on visuals and satellite images. The study seeks to determine the size of the increase in housing units in a selected area in the north of Riyadh during the period from 2007 to 2019 by studying the change in the number of residential buildings and comparing the changes that occurred during this period based on data extracted from high-resolution satellite images. Many programs have been used in correcting and balancing satellite images and geographic information systems to find changes in housing units. The study extracted the number of discovered residential buildings by means of the numbering and classification methods and their areas according to each of the neighbourhoods and the percentage of the built-up area out of the total area for the years of study. The results of the comparison of the two methods showed that the classification method gives faster results than the numbering method as it depends on the automated extraction of residential buildings from satellite images, but it is not accurate enough to extract the entire buildings and it can give the decision maker a quick look at the size of the change occurring in the study area

The challenges and the possibilities to the use of technology in the teaching and learning of English language as a case study.

The use of technology as a strategy for supporting language learning is an area which requires further exploration. Specifically, this study seeks to research the Saudi Arabian school situation. Simply put, the Saudi government dedicated a great deal of time and money into the education sector. However, as researchers have pointed out, there are still weaknesses in Saudi primary schools in terms of using technology in the classroom. The use of technology can help teachers to enhance the students’ learning and motivate them, especially with regard to learning English as a foreign language. This study which was based on a case study of a single public primary school in Saudi Arabia employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data was collected by conducting a survey, interviews, observations, and experimental research. The study was conducted to gain a deeper understanding on the usage of information in the teaching and learning of English language in Saudi Arabian public primary. The target population was Saudi Arabian school children and their teachers. The study shows that the teachers involved in the study appreciated the importance of technology in teaching EFL. The findings indicate that technologies such as laptops, tablets, YouTube and Internet generally have a positive impact on student language learning, engagement and interest in learning

The role of lifestyle habits in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among students

The key objective of the present study is to explore the prevalence of being overweight and/or being obese using the body mass index (BMI). We investigated the relationship between lifestyle habits (sleeping patterns, dietary habits, physical activities, and screen times) and obesity. We used a cross-sectional study involving male students of medical and non-medical at the College of Medicine and College of Management and Economics at Saudi Arabia’s Qassim University. To gather data, a tailor-made, self-administered questionnaire was the tools of choice. The first part of the form collected a data pertaining to the height and weight of respondents. This measured BMI. Participants then categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (BMI = 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI = 25–29.9), and obese (BMI >30.0). The second part of the study involved questions about the participants’ lifestyle habits. To assess the significance of the questions, aChi-squared test was applied. We found that prevalence of being overweight and obese among medical students was (24.4%) and (19%) respectively. for non-medical students the prevalence of being overweight and obesity was (25.6%) and (16.5%) respectively. regarding dietary habits more than half of the students (54.2%) who had three meals or more have a positive relation with obesity. A positive relation was noticed between lack of physical activity and high BMI. Positive relation was found between high BMI and screen time. Regarding sleep hours more than half of the students spend 6-8 hours in sleeping per day

Awareness and Attitude Toward Eye Donation among Medical Students in Qassim University – A Cross-sectional Study, 2019

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of awareness and attitude for eye donation among medical students of Qassim University. METHODS: All medical students of Qassim University were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study in 2019. The survey contains 10 questions regarding knowledge for different aspects of eye donation, one question on their attitude to donate eye, and one question to specify reasons for reservation for eye donation which were inquired. Awareness score of 50% and more was defined as “good awareness.” Awareness was associated to variables such as gender, grade of medical school, and if they attended ophthalmology course. RESULTS: Of the 600 students, 386 were surveyed. The good knowledge regarding eye donation was in 19.2% (95% CI 15.2; 23.1) participants. Attitude to donate eye was positive in 102 (26.4% [95% CI 22.0; 30.8]) participants. One hundred and seventy-nine (46.5%) participants were undecided for eye donation. The level of knowledge was positively and significantly associated to attitude to donate eyes. (OR = 2.44 [95% CI 1.4; 4.2], p = 0.001). The awareness was not associated to gender (p = 0.97) and years in medical college (p = 0.6). Attending ophthalmology course did not significantly affect the knowledge about eye donation (p = 0.8). Lack of adequate information was the main barrier among 146 (37.6%) students for their unwillingness for eye donation. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness about eye donation among medical students was low. Health promotion, inclusion of eye donation in undergraduate curriculum, and ophthalmic training are recommended to improve both knowledge and attitude of medical studen

A High-Energy-Density Magnesium-Air Battery with Nanostructured Polymeric Electrodes

The greenhouse emissions are biggest challenge of the present era. The renewable power sources are required to have characteristics of good charge capacity, energy density with proven charging discharging cycles for energy storage and applications. Mg-air batteries (MABs) are an alternative renewable power source due to their inexpensive cost. In particular, the previous reports presented the metal-air battery structure, with a specific energy overall output of 765 W h kg(−1). This paper is focused mainly on the MAB, which employed nanocomposite polymeric electrodes with a proven energy density of 545 W h kg(−1) and a charge capacity of 817 mA h g(−1) when electrolyzed at a cycling current density of 7 mA cm(−2)

Clinical Management in Diagnosis and Treatment of the Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adults: Systemic Review

This study aimed at exploring with a systematic review the clinical management in diagnosis and treatment of the iron deficiency anemia in adults, as the iron deficiency is the most frequent cause of anemia worldwide. And it impairs quality of life, increases asthenia and can lead to clinical worsening of patients. In addition, iron deficiency has a complex mechanism whose pathologic pathway is recently becoming better understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding diagnostic algorithms for iron deficiency anemia. The majority of aetiologies occur in the digestive tract, and justify morphological examination of the gut. First line investigations are upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy, and when negative, the small bowel should be explored; newer tools such as video capsule endoscopy have also been developed. The treatment of iron deficiency is aetiological if possible and iron supplementation whether in oral or in parenteral form.