Cormorán pigmeo – Phalacrocorax pygmeus (Pallas, 1773)

Aves - Orden Pelecaniformes - Familia Phalacrocoracidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 5-08-2004A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus in Spain.Peer reviewe

Big Data Analytics for Smart Cities: The H2020 CLASS Project

Applying big-data technologies to field applications has resulted in several new needs. First, processing data across a compute continuum spanning from cloud to edge to devices, with varying capacity, architecture etc. Second, some computations need to be made predictable (real-time response), thus supporting both data-in-motion processing and larger-scale data-at-rest processing. Last, employing an event-driven programming model that supports mixing different APIs and models, such as Map/Reduce, CEP, sequential code, etc.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme under the CLASS Project (www.class-project.eu), grant agreement No. 780622.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Ophthalmic-Optical Foreign Sector and Policy Implications

The aim of this paper is to analyse how the ease of manufacturing a product may influence the evolution of exports of specific products in the Spanish economy. This research focuses on the analysis of the international trade of ophthalmic-optical products to ascertain how the so-called complexity index may determine the strength of international competition. More specifically, the foreign sector, in terms of products and countries, is studied for the period 1978 to 2014. Results demonstrate that specialization in products of low complexity is a determining factor for the lack of success of this type of product in international competition

Reputation drives cooperative behaviour and network formation in human groups

Cooperativeness is a defining feature of human nature. Theoreticians have suggested several mechanisms to explain this ubiquitous phenomenon, including reciprocity, reputation, and punishment, but the problem is still unsolved. Here we show, through experiments conducted with groups of people playing an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma on a dynamic network, that it is reputation what really fosters cooperation. While this mechanism has already been observed in unstructured populations, we find that it acts equally when interactions are given by a network that players can reconfigure dynamically. Furthermore, our observations reveal that memory also drives the network formation process, and cooperators assort more, with longer link lifetimes, the longer the past actions record. Our analysis demonstrates, for the first time, that reputation can be very well quantified as a weighted mean of the fractions of past cooperative acts and the last action performed. This finding has potential applications in collaborative systems and e-commerce.This work was supported in part by MINECO (Spain) through grants PRODIEVO, FIS2011-25167, and FIS2009-09689, by Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) through grant MODELICO-CM, by Comunidad de Aragón (Spain) through a grant to the group FENOL, and by the EU FET Proactive project MULTIPLEX (contract no. 317532)

Do University-Industry co-publication volumes correspond with university funding from business firms?

Trabajo presentado a la 19th Science and Technology Indicators Conference: "Context counts: Pathways to Master Big and Little Data" celebrada en leiden (Paises Bajos) del 3 al 9 de 2014.Analysts of university-industry interaction sometimes measure it through numbers of university-industry co-publications (UICs), because of their relative availability and international comparability. However, we do not know whether UICs correspond to a more direct measure of interaction: university funding from firms. We propose a conceptual model on four types of relationships between UICs and university funding from firms, emphasising the interactive nature of their relation. We test the model with UIC and income data from the Polytechnic University of Valencia at individual level: around 6-7% of researchers participating in projects with firms were authors of UICs published in 2008-2011; and around 27% of those UIC authors were participating in projects with firms during that period. Overall, we do not find evidence of any significant positive correlation between UIC output and university funding from the business sector in general. The one exception is a minority of authors who participate in business-funded projects, where we found a positive association of current UICs and business funding.Peer Reviewe

Constraints in the application of the Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether index as a terrestrial input proxy

Determination of the relative inputs of aquatic autochthonous and terrestrial allochthonous organic matter into marine and lacustrine environments is essential to understanding the global carbon budget. A variety of proxies are used for this purpose, including the Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index. This is calculated from the concentrations of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), derived from unidentified terrestrial bacteria, and crenarchaeol, a marker for aquatic mesophile Thaumarchaeota (Crenarchaeota group I). As the index is a ratio, its value depends on both the crenarchaeol aquatic in situ production and the soil-derived branched GDGT input. Therefore, the BIT index reflects not only changes in the input of terrestrial or soil organic matter but also relative variations in aquatic Thaumarchaeota abundance in the water column. In fact, we show that in oceanic and lacustrine settings, the BIT index can be dominated by the aquatic end-member of the ratio. Consequently, the BIT index by itself can be an unreliable proxy to compare the input of terrestrial matter between sites and over time, and we propose that the quantification of branched GDGT fluxes or concentrations may instead be a better indicator of soil terrestrial inputs

Kinetic study of the fast thermal cis-to-trans isomerisation of para-, ortho- and polyhydroxyazobenzenes

The thermal cis-to-trans isomerisation process has been studied for a series of para-, ortho- and polyhydroxy-substituted azobenzenes in different solvents. The kinetics of the thermal back reaction for the p-hydroxy-substituted azobenzenes depend strongly on the nature of the solvent used, with relaxation times ranging from 200-300 milliseconds in ethanol to half an hour in toluene. Otherwise, the process rate is mainly independent of the solvent nature for the ortho substituted analogues. Polyhydroxy-substituted azobenzenes show very much faster kinetics than the para- and ortho- monohydroxyazoderivatives. With relaxation times of 6-12 milliseconds in ethanol, they are optimal molecules for designing fast optical switching devices. All the hydroxyazoderivatives thermally isomerise from the metastable cis form to the thermodynamically stable trans isomer through a rotational mechanism.Fil: Garcia Amorós, Jaume. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Sánchez Ferrer, Antoni. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Massad, Walter Alfredo. Universitat Ramon Llull; España. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Nonell, Santi. Universitat Ramon Llull; España. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Velasco, Dolores. Universidad de Barcelona; Españ

Control de la flexibilidad en jóvenes gimnastas de competición mediante el método trigonométrico: un año de seguimiento

El objeto del presente estudio fue caracterizar la evolución de la flexibilidad a lo largo de una temporada deportiva en un grupo de 15 jóvenes gimnastas masculinos

Do university-industry co-publication outputs correspond with university funding from firms?

[EN] Analysts of university-industry interaction sometimes measure it through numbers of university-industry co-publications (UICs), because of their relative availability and international comparability. However, we do not know whether UICs correspond to another measure of interaction: university funding from firms. We propose a conceptual model on four types of relationships between UICs and university funding from firms, emphasizing the interactive nature of their relation, e.g. not only funding can lead to UICs, but also UICs can signal competences that motivate funding. We test the model with UIC and income data from the Polytechnic University of Valencia at individual level: around 6-7% of researchers participating in projects with firms were authors of UICs published in 2008-11; and around 27% of those UIC authors were participating in projects with firms during that period. Overall, we do not find evidence of any significant positive correlation between UIC output and university funding from the business sector in general. The one exception is a minority of authors who participate in business-funded projects, where we find a positive association of current UICs and business funding.A.Y.Y. and R.J.W.T. received financial support from the CWTS-CHERPA research project (funded by the Netherlands Ministry for Education, Culture and Science).Yegros Yegros, A.; Azagra Caro, JM.; López Ferrer, MT.; Tijssen, RJ. (2016). Do university-industry co-publication outputs correspond with university funding from firms?. Research Evaluation. 25(2):136-150. doi:10.1093/reseval/rvv045S13615025

Heterogeneous networks do not promote cooperation when humans play a Prisoner's dilemma

It is not fully understood why we cooperate with strangers on a daily basis. In an increasingly global world, where interaction networks and relationships between individuals are becoming more complex, different hypotheses have been put forward to explain the foundations of human cooperation on a large scale and to account for the true motivations that are behind this phenomenon. In this context, population structure has been suggested to foster cooperation in social dilemmas, but theoretical studies of this mechanism have yielded contradictory results so far; additionally, the issue lacks a proper experimental test in large systems. We have performed the largest experiments to date with humans playing a spatial Prisoner's Dilemma on a lattice and a scale-free network (1,229 subjects). We observed that the level of cooperation reached in both networks is the same, comparable with the level of cooperation of smaller networks or unstructured populations. We have also found that subjects respond to the cooperation that they observe in a reciprocal manner, being more likely to cooperate if, in the previous round, many of their neighbors and themselves did so, which implies that humans do not consider neighbors' payoffs when making their decisions in this dilemma but only their actions. Our results, which are in agreement with recent theoretical predictions based on this behavioral rule, suggest that population structure has little relevance as a cooperation promoter or inhibitor among humans.Work supported by Fundación Ibercivis and projects MOSAICO, PRODIEVO, FIS2008-01240, FIS2009-13364-C02-01, FIS2009-12648-C03-02, and Complexity-NET RESINEE, from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain); by project MODELICO-CM from Comunidad de Madrid (Spain); and by a project to FENOL from Comunidad de Aragón (Spain)