12 research outputs found

    More than one fungus in the pepper pot: integrative taxonomy unasks hidden species within Myriostoma coliforme (Geastraceae, Basidiomycota)

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    Since the nineteenth century, Myriostoma has been regarded as a monotypic genus with a widespread distribution in north temperate and subtropical regions. However, on the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), four species are now delimited: M. areolatum comb. & stat. nov., M. calongei sp. nov., M. capillisporum comb. & stat. nov., and M. coliforme. Myriostoma coliforme is typified by selecting a lectotype (iconotype) and a modern sequenced collection as an epitype. The four species can be discriminated by a combination of morphological characters, such as stomatal form, endoperidial surface texture, and basidiospore size and ornamentation.The authors would like to express their thanks to the CoordenacËão de AperfeicËoamento de Pessoal de NÔÂvel Superior (CAPESÐBrazil) for the PhD scholarships awarded to Julieth de Oliveira Sousa and Donis S. Alfredo in 2014/2015 and to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÔÂfico e TecnoloÂgico (CNPqÐBrazil, Projeto Pesquisador Visitante Especial PVE/407474/2013±7 and Projecto de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade do Semiarido PPBio/457476/ 2012±5; MarÔÂa P. MartÔÂn and Iuri G. Baseia) for the scholarship of scientific initiation awarded to Luana Conrado. Natural England (Species Recovery Programme) is thanked for funding part of the sequencing work carried out in England. The first author would like to thank Bianca Silva and Judcleidson Cavalcante for their help with the Brazilian field expedition. Bart Buyck is thanked for granting permission for specimen loans from the Herbarium of the MuseÂum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHNÐParis), and Mikael Jeppson for loan of the sample MJ8714. Thanks to M. Teresa Telleria and Margarita Dueñas from the Real JardÔÂn BotaÂnico-CSIC (Madrid, Spain) for continuously supporting the study of gasteroid fungi and thanks to Paul M. Kirk (RBG, Kew) for nomenclatural advice. Thanks to Sandra Nogal-Prata forMyriostoma areolatum Fig 2A and 2B. The authors would also like to thank MarÔÂa Conejero (RBG, Kew) and Yolanda Ruiz (RJB, Madrid) for technical support with the SEM images.Peer reviewe

    A new species and new records of gasteroid fungi (Basidiomycota) from Central Amazonia, Brazil

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    A new species, Geastrum inpaense, is described morphologically and molecularly. Geastrum lloydianum, G. schweinitzii, Phallus merulinus and Staheliomyces cinctus are reported here as new records for Central Amazonia. In addition, Mutinus fleischeri is reported as a new record for the Americas and Phallus atrovolvatus, as a new record for Brazil. © 2014 Magnolia Press

    <i>Myriostoma coliforme</i>.

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    <p><b>(</b>a–b) Dried expanded basidiomata <i>ex situ</i> (K(M)138625, epitype), bar 10 mm. (c) Endoperidial surface (PC0723885), bar = 1 mm. (d) Stoma (MJ8714), bar = 1 mm. (e) Basidiospores under LM (K(M)138625, epitype), bar = 10 ÎŒm. (f) Capillitium under LM (MJ8714), bar = 10 ÎŒm. (g) Basidiospores under SEM (K(M)138625, epitype), bar = 2.5 ÎŒm. (h). Endoperidial surface under SEM (K(M)138625, epitype), bar = 100 ÎŒm.</p

    Dickson’s illustration of <i>Myriostoma coliforme</i> (lectotype) published in 1785 as (Tab. III: Fig 4).

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    <p>Dickson’s illustration of <i>Myriostoma coliforme</i> (lectotype) published in 1785 as (Tab. III: <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0177873#pone.0177873.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>).</p

    <i>Myriostoma capillisporum</i>.

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    <p>(a–b) Dried expanded basidiomata <i>ex situ</i> (KM205483 and K(M)205482, respectively), bar = 20 mm. (c–d) Basidiospores under LM (K(M)205483), bar = 10 ÎŒm. (e) Basidiospores under SEM (K(M)205483), bar = 2.5 ÎŒm. (f) Endoperidial surface under SEM (K(M)205483), bar = 50 ÎŒm.</p

    <i>Myriostoma areolatum</i> (MA-Fungi 68596, isotype).

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    <p>(a) Dried expanded basidioma <i>ex situ</i>, bar = 10 mm. (b) Stomata, bar = 5 mm. (c) Basidiospores under SEM, bar = 2 ÎŒm. (d) Endoperidial surface under SEM, bar = 50 ÎŒm.</p

    Distribution map of the <i>Myriostoma</i> specimens included in the phylogenetic analyses of this study (geometric figures in colour).

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    <p>This figure was made using the software Quantum Gis 2.8 (QGIS), a free and open source geographic information system (<a href="https://www.qgis.org/es/site/about/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.qgis.org/es/site/about/index.html</a>). The dark grey areas correspond to the distribution of <i>Myriostoma coliforme</i> s.l. according to <a href="http://iucn.ekoo.se/iucn/species_view/122233/" target="_blank">http://iucn.ekoo.se/iucn/species_view/122233/</a> (accessed on 12.01.2017) and Fraiture & Otto [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0177873#pone.0177873.ref022" target="_blank">22</a>].</p

    <i>Myriostoma calongei</i>.

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    <p>(a) Fresh expanded and unexpanded basidiomata <i>in situ</i> (UFRN-Fungos 2019, holotype), bar = 20 mm. (b) Endoperidial surface (UFRN-Fungos 386, paratype), bar = 1 mm. (c) Stoma (UFRN-Fungos 386, paratype), bar = 2 mm. (d) Basidiospores under LM (UFRN-Fungos 2020, isotype), bar = 10 ÎŒm. (e) Capillitium under LM (UFRN-Fungos 2019, holotype), bar = 10 ÎŒm. (f) Basidiospores under SEM, bar = 2 ÎŒm. (g) Endoperidial surface under SEM (UFRN-Fungos 2019, holotype), bar = 50 ÎŒm.</p

    The 50% majority-rule consensus tree of ITS/LSU nrDNA sequences of <i>Myriostoma</i> species using a Bayesian approach.

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    <p>Two sequences of <i>Geastrum saccatum</i> were used as outgroup. Terminal branches are labelled with appropriate specimen codes and countries of origin. For further specimen details, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0177873#pone.0177873.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Numbers at the nodes indicate the percentage bootstrap values obtained from parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis and the posterior probabilities from Bayesian analysis (MPbs/MLbs/PP).</p
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