Policy Considerations for the New Zealand Natural Gas Industry

Professor Stanford Levin and Alfred Duncan undertake a study of the natural gas industry in New Zealand at a time when the two industry regulators are undertaking regulatory initiatives.The Commerce Commission is in the midst of setting their default price-quality regulatory framework that will take effect in July 2012. The Gas Industry Company the industry co-regulator has just recently issued a proposal to undertake a project to determine the current need for gas transmission investment and to develop a way for any needed investment to occur.The authors are hopeful that this study will prove useful to industry participants policymakers and also to the two industry regulators

Realigning Community Policing in a Homeland Security Era

The priority shift from community policing to homeland security in local police departments in the United States has threatened the relationships and successes established by community policing, though little empirical research explored the relationship between funding and implementation of homeland security versus community policing objectives among local law enforcement agencies. Using Karl Popper\u27s conceptualization of the liberal democracy as the framework, the purpose of this descriptive study was to examine how trends in funding and implementation of both community policing and homeland security objectives changed among American law enforcement agencies between 1993 and 2013. Data were acquired from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics dataset held by the Bureau of Justice Statistics for the years 1993 to 2013. The data included information from sample sizes that varied by year: 950 to 2,503 American law enforcement agencies with over 100 sworn officers and a stratified random sample of 831 to 2,145 American law enforcement agencies with fewer than 100 sworn officers. Data were examined using descriptive statistics and findings indicate community policing began as the priority, was scaled back after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, when homeland security became the priority, and today local police departments are using strategy integration to maintain national security, public safety, and community relations simultaneously. Positive social change implications stemming from this study include the conveyance that communities are still the priority in policing and recommendations to local police agencies to utilize strategy integration to maintain community policing, regardless of the priority

Policy Considerations for the New Zealand Natural Gas Industry

Professor Stanford Levin and Alfred Duncan undertake a study of the natural gas industry in New Zealand at a time when the two industry regulators are undertaking regulatory initiatives.The Commerce Commission is in the midst of setting their default price-quality regulatory framework that will take effect in July 2012. The Gas Industry Company the industry co-regulator has just recently issued a proposal to undertake a project to determine the current need for gas transmission investment and to develop a way for any needed investment to occur.The authors are hopeful that this study will prove useful to industry participants policymakers and also to the two industry regulators

A comparative analysis of the performance of long-range hypervelocity vehicles

Long-range hypervelocity vehicles are studied in terms of their motion in powered flight, and their motion and aerodynamic heating in unpowered flight. Powered flight is analyzed for an idealized propulsion system which rather closely approaches present-day rocket motors. Unpowered flight is characterized by a return to earth along a ballistic, skip, or glide trajectory. Only those trajectories are treated which yield the maximum range for a given velocity at the end of powered flight. Aerodynamic heating is treated in a manner similar to that employed previously by the senior authors is studying ballistic missiles (NACA RM A53D28), with the exception that radiant as well as convective heat transfer is considered in connection with glide and skip vehicles. The ballistic vehicle is found to be the least efficient of the several types studied in the sense that it generally requires the highest velocity at the end of powered flight in order to attain a given range. This disadvantage may be offset, however, by reducing convective heat transfer to the re-entry body through the artifice of increasing pressure drag in relation to friction drag - that is, by using a blunt body. Thus the kinetic energy required by the vehicle at the end of powered flight may be reduced by minimizing the mass of coolant material involved

Sliding and jumping of single EcoRV restriction enzymes on non-cognate DNA

The restriction endonuclease EcoRV can rapidly locate a short recognition site within long non-cognate DNA using ‘facilitated diffusion’. This process has long been attributed to a sliding mechanism, in which the enzyme first binds to the DNA via nonspecific interaction and then moves along the DNA by 1D diffusion. Recent studies, however, provided evidence that 3D translocations (hopping/jumping) also help EcoRV to locate its target site. Here we report the first direct observation of sliding and jumping of individual EcoRV molecules along nonspecific DNA. Using fluorescence microscopy, we could distinguish between a slow 1D diffusion of the enzyme and a fast translocation mechanism that was demonstrated to stem from 3D jumps. Salt effects on both sliding and jumping were investigated, and we developed numerical simulations to account for both the jump frequency and the jump length distribution. We deduced from our study the 1D diffusion coefficient of EcoRV, and we estimated the number of jumps occurring during an interaction event with nonspecific DNA. Our results substantiate that sliding alternates with hopping/jumping during the facilitated diffusion of EcoRV and, furthermore, set up a framework for the investigation of target site location by other DNA-binding proteins

Men, fish & boats : the pictorial story of the north Atlantic fishermen

A photographic account of the life of fishermen on the Grand Banks off the Newfoundland coast in the early 20th century

Allowable bending moment on a section of pipe loaded by internal pressure and axial force

Equations specifying the bending moments which cause yielding of pipe sections loaded by internal pressure and axial force are developed. These expressions are based upon the von Mises yield criterion and include the experimental results from tests of thirty-two pipe specimens. Similar expressions giving the bending moments which cause the pipe sections to collapse under combined loading are also formulated. These relationships are developed for an idealized rigid-plastic material and modification based upon the experimental data are included. The alterations required for agreement between the experimental and theoretical values of bending moment are given in terms of the ratio of the outside diameter of the pipe to the thickness of the pipe wall. The resulting expressions are given in a practical, usable form which facilitates the computation of bending moments that would produce yielding or collapse for a wide range of pipe sizes. Experimental data relating the ovalization of the pipe cross section to the applied loads are include

Allowable bending moment on a section of pipe loaded by internal pressure and axial force

Equations specifying the bending moments which cause yielding of pipe sections loaded by internal pressure and axial force are developed. These expressions are based upon the von Mises yield criterion and include the experimental results from tests of thirty-two pipe specimens. Similar expressions giving the bending moments which cause the pipe sections to collapse under combined loading are also formulated. These relationships are developed for an idealized rigid-plastic material and modification based upon the experimental data are included. The alterations required for agreement between the experimental and theoretical values of bending moment are given in terms of the ratio of the outside diameter of the pipe to the thickness of the pipe wall. The resulting expressions are given in a practical, usable form which facilitates the computation of bending moments that would produce yielding or collapse for a wide range of pipe sizes. Experimental data relating the ovalization of the pipe cross section to the applied loads are include