Predictors of measles vaccination coverage among children 6-59 months of age in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

BackgroundMeasles is a significant contributor to child mortality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), despite routine immunization programs and supplementary immunization activities (SIA). Further, national immunization coverage levels may hide disparities among certain groups of children, making effective measles control even more challenging. This study describes measles vaccination coverage and reporting methods and identifies predictors of vaccination among children participating in the 2013-2014 DRC Demographic and Health Survey (DHS).MethodsWe examined vaccination coverage of 6947 children aged 6-59 months. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of vaccination among children reporting vaccination via dated card in order to identify least reached children. We also assessed spatial distribution of vaccination report type by rural versus urban residence.ResultsUrban children with educated mothers were more likely to be vaccinated (OR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.6, 10.7) versus children of mothers with no education, as were children in wealthier rural families (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.9, 4.4). At the provincial level, urban areas more frequently reported vaccination via dated card than rural areas.ConclusionsResults indicate that, while the overall coverage level of 70% is too low, socioeconomic and geographic disparities also exist which could make some children even less likely to be vaccinated. Dated records of measles vaccination must be increased, and groups of children with the greatest need should be targeted. As access to routine vaccination services is limited in DRC, identifying and targeting under-reached children should be a strategic means of increasing country-wide effective measles control

Low birth weight and prenatal care in Colombia: A cross-sectional study

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the most important factors affecting child morbidity and mortality worldwide; approximately one third of neonatal deaths are attributable to it. Most research and public health policy on LBW arise from developed nations, despite that most cases (96.5%) take place in developing countries. The specific features of prenatal care that prevent LBW in developing countries are unclear. This study aims to identify the characteristics of prenatal care associated with LBW in a developing country as Colombia. Methods: Observational cross-sectional study using data from the Colombian Demographic and Health Survey 2010. A total of 10,692 children were included. Descriptive statistics were calculated, followed by bivariate regressions of LBW with all other study variables. Finally, stepwise logistic binomial regression analyses were done. Results: A LBW prevalence of 8.7% was found. Quality of prenatal care (95%CI: 0.33, 0.92; OR=0.55), number of prenatal visits (95%CI: 0.92, 0.93; OR=0.92), and first prenatal visits during pregnancy (95%CI: 1.02, 1.07; OR=1.08) were associated with LBW even after controlling for all the studied variables. The health care provider conducting prenatal checkup, and insurance coverage, were not associated with LBW. Conclusion: This research provides information on the characteristics of prenatal care (quality, number of visits, and gestational age at first prenatal visit) which may strengthen LBW prevention in Colombia and possibly in countries with similar socioeconomic characteristics. © 2015 Pinzón-Rondón et al

Association of Previous Measles Infection With Markers of Acute Infectious Disease Among 9- to 59-Month-Old Children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

BackgroundTransient immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to other infections after measles infection is well known, but recent studies have suggested the occurrence of an "immune amnesia" that could have long-term immunosuppressive effects.MethodsWe examined the association between past measles infection and acute episodes of fever, cough, and diarrhea among 2350 children aged 9 to 59 months whose mothers were selected for interview in the 2013-2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Classification of children who had had measles was completed using maternal recall and measles immunoglobulin G serostatus obtained via dried-blood-spot analysis with a multiplex immunoassay. The association with time since measles infection and fever, cough, and diarrhea outcomes was also examined.ResultsThe odds of fever in the previous 2 weeks were 1.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-2.60) among children for whom measles was reported compared to children with no history of measles. Measles vaccination demonstrated a protective association against selected clinical markers of acute infectious diseases.ConclusionOur results suggest that measles might have a long-term effect on selected clinical markers of acute infectious diseases among children aged 9 to 59 months in the DRC. These findings support the immune-amnesia hypothesis suggested by others and underscore the need for continued evaluation and improvement of the DRC's measles vaccination program

Estabelecimento de um Método "In Vitro" de Controle Biológico de Agentes Antineoplásicos em Uso no Instituto Nacional de Câncer

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um método capaz de verificara eficácia, a nível biológico, das drogas antineoplásicas, que não necessitem de metabolismo prévio para sua ação e que atualmente estão sendo usadas no Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCa). O princípio do ensaio foi baseado na medida de inibição da proliferação celular da linhagem K562 e de células ativadas por fitohemaglutinina (PHA), usando-se como marcadora incorporação no DNA de timidina tritiada. Conclui-se que esse ensaio não é adequado para testara atividade antitumoral do Methotrexate, mas pode ser extremamente sensível para os estudos com derivados da Vinca

Clinical case reports: a first door to the clinic and research

El reporte de caso clínico es una de las estrategias de comunicación científica más utilizadas; de hecho, a julio 23 de 2010, en PubMed hay más de un millón cuatrocientos mil artÍculos clasificados como "case report ". Green y Johnson presentan una lista de 19 razones por las cuales autores y editores informan y publican casos clínicos; en últimas, se reconoce que proceder así abre el camino hacia una mejora de la práctica clínica.The clinical case report is one of the most used scientific communication strategies; in fact, as of July 23, 2010, in PubMed there are more than one million four hundred thousand articles classified as "case reports". Green and Johnson present a list of 19 reasons why authors and editors report and publish clinical cases; Ultimately, it is recognized that proceeding in this way opens the way towards an improvement in clinical practice

Los informes de caso clínico: una primera puerta hacia la clínica y la investigación

El  reporte  de  caso  clínico  es  una  de  las  estrategias  de comunicación científica más utilizadas;  de hecho, a  julio 23 de 2010, en PubMed hay más de un millón cuatrocientos mil artículos clasificados como “case report”. Green y Johnson presentan una lista de 19 razones por las cuales autores y editores informan y publican casos clínicos; en últimas, se reconoce que proceder así abre el camino hacia una mejora de  la práctica clínica

Prana Mindfulness Studio

El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolla con la finalidad de implementar sesiones de mindfulness a nivel corporativo enfocado en el Top y Middle Management, una alternativa diferente que sea operativa y económicamente factible. La motivación para desarrollar este proyecto se da por las actuales tendencias sobre el cuidado de la salud física y emocional a través de la gestión del estrés (Euromonitor, 2019) debido a los cambios en el entorno laboral y personal. Por ello, el uso de la metodología utilizada está basado en el Modelo Canvas considerando los puntos más importantes de forma visual. Dicha información fue validada a través de entrevistas a profundidad por expertos en recursos humanos, lo cual permitió reconfirmar el público objetivo con interés en el bienestar físico y emocional. Además, la empresa contará con una oficina administrativa en el distrito de Miraflores Por otro lado, en la evaluación económica del plan de negocio se obtiene una rentabilidad de s/57 512.32. Los resultados muestran una inversión inicial de s/. 103 490 de los cuales 50% es capital propio y 50% será financiado. Considerando un escenario esperado con la venta anual de 80 paquetes y la asistencia de 5 personas promedio por prácticas de 5 sesiones por programa, se alcanzaría una utilidad neta anual de s/. 74 810.65 en el primer año. Considerando los distintos escenarios sólo en el pesimista se obtiene una TIR de 51%, en el optimista de 131% y la TIRE de 43.77%. Los flujos económicos se reflejan positivamente a partir del primer año siendo en el año 2021 de s/.74 810.65, alcanzando los s/. 60 269.10 al 2022 y s/. 66 247.67 al 2023. Respecto al flujo financiero se registra s/. 54 515.45 en el año 2021 y llegando a s/.43 378.64 al 2023.This research work is developed with the implementation of implementing mindfulness sessions at a corporate level focused on Top and Middle Management, a different alternative that is operative and economically factible. The motivation to develop this project is given by current trends in physical and emotional health care through stress management (Euromonitor, 2019) due to changes in the work and personal environment. However, the use of the methodology used is based on the Canvas Model determined the most important points of the visual form. Such information was validated through in-depth interviews by human resources experts and meditation experts, which confirmed the target audience with an interest in physical and emotional well-being. In addition, the company has an administrative office in the Miraflores district. On the other hand, in the economic evaluation of the business plan, a return of s / 57 512.32 is obtained. The results found an initial investment of s /. 103 490 of which 50% is own capital and 50% will be financed. Considering an expected scenario with the annual sale of 80 packages annual and the attendance of 5 average people for practices of 5 sessions per program, obtain an annual net profit of s /. 74 810.65 in the first year. Considering the different aspects only in the pessimistic one obtains TIR of 51%, in the optimistic obtains131% and the TIRE obtains of 43.77%. The economic flows show positively from the first year, being in 2021 of s/.74 810.65, reaching s/. 60 269.10 to 2022 and s/. 66 247.67 to 2023. Regarding financial flow, s/. 54 515.45 in the year 2021 and reaching s/ .43 378.64 by 2023.Trabajo de investigació

Educative intervention for increasing fertile-aged women's knowledge on HIV/AIDS

Introducción: el  VIH/sida está afectando cada día más a las mujeres debido a la vulnerabilidad biológica y social que tienen, la única arma disponible para luchar contra este flagelo es la prevención. Objetivo: incrementar los conocimientos de las mujeres en aspectos relacionados con el VIH/sida. Material y método: se realizó un  estudio de intervención con diseño cuasi experimental sin grupo control, de mujeres en edad fértil, de la comunidad del Consultorio Médico 192 del Policlínico Universitario “Luis Augusto Turcios Lima” en el periodo comprendido de enero a septiembre de 2010. La investigación se llevó a cabo en 3 etapas la primera encaminada a obtener un diagnóstico de los conocimientos de las mujeres  sobre el tema mediante la aplicación de una encuesta anónima, la segunda correspondió con el desarrollo de acciones educativas en la comunidad y la tercera con la evaluación de la intervención educativa aplicada. Resultados: los conocimientos de las mujeres en edad fértil eran insuficientes sin importar nivel escolar, la aplicación de acciones educativas  lograron la formación de promotoras de salud para desarrollar actividades al resto de las mujeres y población en general. Conclusiones: la intervención educativa utilizada resultó eficaz para elevar los conocimientos sobre VIH/sida mujeres en edad fértil.Introduction: HIV/AIDS is increasingly affecting women due to their biological and social vulnerability; prevention is the only existing resource against that scourge. Objective: to increase women's knowledge on aspects of HIV/AIDS. Material and methods: a quasi experimental intervention study without a comparison group was carried out of fertile-aged women from the community doctor's office # 192, which belongs to Luis Augusto Turcios Lima University (outpatient) Clinic, from January to September 2010. This research was carried out in three stages: the first aimed at obtaining, by anonymous survey, a diagnosis of women's knowledge on the topic; the second corresponded to developing educative actions in the community; and the third, to assessing the educative intervention applied. Results: fertile-aged women's knowledge was insufficient irrespective of their school level. Educative actions permitted to train health promoters for developing activities with other women and the community residents in general. Conclusions: the educative intervention applied proved effective in increasing fertile-aged women's knowledge on HIV/AIDS