What is Johansonia?

The bitunicate ascomycete genus Johansonia is presently treated as a member of Saccardiaceae, a family regarded as incertae sedis within the Ascomycota. Recent collections on leaves of a leguminous host, Dimorphandra mollis, in Mato Grosso, Brazil, led to the discovery of a new species of Johansonia, described here as J. chapadiensis. Based on DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), Johansonia is revealed to represent a member of Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales. Although its family could not be resolved, it clustered basal to Schizothyriaceae and Mycosphaerellaceae, and could well represent a species of Saccardiaceae. DNA sequence data of other members of Saccardiaceae would be required, however, to confirm this classification

Grain size selection in case building by the mountain cased-caddisfly species Potamophylax latipennis (Curtis, 1834): a trade-off between building time and energetic costs.

Many caddisfly larvae build cases to facilitate breathing, provide physical protection, reduce predation, avoid becoming drift, or prolong survival during drying conditions. Case building also requires significant energetic costs related to grain searching and silk production, which may involve a trade-off with the size of grain used. Thus, building cases with large grain sizes would require less time (i.e., a trait related to survival) but higher silk production (i.e., a trait related to fecundity), whereas building with small grain sizes would show the contrary pattern. Grain size selection, time spent, and energetic costs related to case building were assessed on the Limnephilid species Potamophylax latipennis. Laboratory experiments were conducted in order to force individuals to build using seven different experimental conditions with varying grain size availability. Results showed a trade-off between time and energetic costs. P. latipennis prioritized building cases with grain sizes that provide a faster building although they used larger amounts of silk. In addition, when individuals were first forced to build a case using a unfamiliar substrate and then placed in the native (i.e. from the river) substrate, most unfamiliar grains where replaced by native ones, even though it represented an extra cost for the individuals. Despite the high energetic costs of building cases in Trichoptera and their potential implications for reproductive traits in the adult stage, larvae individual survival was prioritized

A new species of Calonectria causing leaf blight and cutting rot of three forest tree species in Brazil

Several species of Calonectria cause diseases on a wide range of forest tree species that are propagated either via seedlings or rooted cuttings. In nurseries these fungi cause damping-off, cutting and root rots, stem lesions, and leaf blights. Recently a Calonectria sp. was isolated from rooted cuttings of Anadenanthera peregrina (Fabaceae), Piptadenia gonoacantha (Fabaceae), and Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) exhibiting leaf blight and cutting rot in a forest nursery at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Morphological comparisons and DNA sequences of three loci containing partial gene sequences of ß-tubulin (TUB2), calmodulin (CAL), and elongation factor (TEF-1a) indicated that these isolates represent an unnamed species of Calonectria, described here as C. hodgesii sp. nov. Sprayinoculated plants of all three hosts with a suspension at 1x104 conidia mL-1 induced leaf lesions, cutting rot, and intense defoliation as observed under natural conditions. Calonectria hodgesii was re-isolated from infected tissue, which fulfilled Koch's postulates and confirmed its status as a pathogen with a wide host range

Effects of protein quality on appetite and energy metabolism in normal weight subjects

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of consumption of different protein sources on food intake and energy expenditure in normal weight subjects. Breakfast preparations (casein, soy protein, whey protein or control) were ingested during seven consecutive days. Appetite, food intake, and energy expenditure were assessed. Casein consumption led to a lower energy intake than whey protein. There was lower energy intake on day 7 than on day 1 of the casein session. Soy protein preparations resulted in higher diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) than in control preparations. The respiratory quotient (RQ) obtained in the whey protein session was lower than the control and soy protein sessions. These results suggest that the consumption of different protein types leads to distinct effects on satiety (casein), DIT (soy protein), and/or RQ (whey protein).O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos do consumo de diferentes fontes proteicas na ingestão alimentar e gasto energético em indivíduos eutróficos. Preparações (caseína, proteína da soja, proteína do soro de leite ou controle) foram ingeridas no desjejum, durante sete dias consecutivos. A caseína resultou em menor ingestão calórica do que o soro de leite. Houve uma menor ingestão calórica no último dia da sessão da caseína em relação ao primeiro dia. Preparações contendo proteína da soja resultaram em maior termogênese induzida pela dieta (TID) em comparação às preparações controle. O cociente respiratório (CR) obtido na sessão do soro de leite foi menor que na sessão controle e da proteína da soja. Esses resultados sugerem que o consumo de diferentes tipos de proteínas resulta em efeitos distintos na saciedade (caseína), TID (proteína da soja) e/ou CR (proteína do soro)

Genetic basis of resistance in Eucalyptus spp. pathosystems.

Coordenadores técnicos: Richard A. Sniezko, Alvin D. Yanchuk, John T. Kliejunas, Katharine M. Palmieri, Janice M. Alexander, Susan J. Frankel

Tratamentos de juntas invis?veis em placas ciment?cias no fechamento de sistemas Light Steel Framing.

Programa de P?s Gradua??o em Engenharia Civil. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.A constru??o civil leve brasileira tem passado por uma transforma??o nos ?ltimos anos. A constru??o industrializada, pensada para promover agilidade e economia, se estabelece no cen?rio da engenharia civil. O desperd?cio e imprevistos da pr?tica construtiva em concreto armado dividem agora espa?o com inova??es como o Light Steel Framing, um sistema de estrutura em a?o galvanizado que utiliza pain?is nos fechamento internos e externos. O fechamento externo, feito inicialmente com OSB, ? feito agora com placa ciment?cia. ? nesse fechamento que se localiza a patologia mais frequente neste sistema, as trincas. Uma das causas de trinca ? o tratamento de juntas entre estas placas, que ? muitas vezes ineficiente ou sofre patologias devido aos v?cios de constru??o. Pelo fato de este tipo de fechamento ser ainda mais novo do que a utiliza??o do Light Steel Framing, e por haver diversos fabricantes que recomendam formas diferentes de fazer tal tratamento, foi feito este estudo, com o objetivo de conhecer as placas mais utilizadas no mercado brasileiro, assim como seus respectivos tratamentos de juntas. Observa-se que n?o h? no mercado nacional uma padroniza??o no tratamento de juntas nos fechamentos em placa ciment?cia e que os construtores seguem o tratamento indicado pelo fabricante da placa utilizada.Brazilian lightweight construction has undergone a transformation in recent years. Industrialized construction, designed to promote agility and economy, has established itself in civil engineering scenario. Waste and unforeseen constructive practice in reinforced concrete now share space with innovations such as the Light Steel Framing, a galvanized steel structure system that uses panels in internal and external closure. The external closing, initially made with OSB, is now made mainly with cement board. The most frequent pathology in this system, cracks are found in this closing element. One of the causes for crack is the treatment of joints between these boards, which are often inneficient or suffer from construction defects. Because this type of closing is newer than the use of light steel framing, and considering that various brands that recommend different ways of making such treatment was made this research was developed in order to know the boards commonly used in the Brazilian market, as well as their joints treatment. It is important to remake that there is no standardization in the national market for joints treatment on cement board closing and that builders follow the treatment recommended by the manufacturer of the boards used

Mycoparasitic species of Sphaerellopsis, and allied lichenicolous and other genera

Species of Sphaerellopsis (sexual morph Eudarluca) are well-known cosmopolitan mycoparasites occurring on a wide range of rusts. Although their potential role as biocontrol agents has received some attention, the molecular phylogeny of the genus has never been resolved. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU, 28S) and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5.8S rRNA gene of the nrDNA operon, the genus Sphaerellopsis is shown to belong to Leptosphaeriaceae in Dothideomycetes. Sphaerellopsis is circumscribed, and the sexually typified generic name Eudarluca treated as a synonym on the basis that Sphaerellopsis is more commonly used in literature, is the older generic name, and is the morph commonly encountered by plant pathologists in the field. A neotype is designated for Sphaerellopsis filum, and two new species are introduced, S. macroconidialis and S. paraphysata spp. nov. Species previously incorrectly placed in Sphaerellopsis are allocated to Neosphaerellopsis gen. nov. as N. thailandica, and to the genus Acrocalymma, as A. fici. The genus Rhizopycnis is nestled among species of Acrocalymma, and reduced to synonymy based on its morphology and DNA phylogeny, while Acrocalymmaceae is introduced as novel family to accommodate members of this genus in the Dothideomycetes. Furthermore, Sphaerellopsis proved to be phylogenetically closely allied to a lichenicolous complex of phoma-like taxa, for which the new genera Diederichomyces and Xenophoma are established. Several new combinations are introduced, namely D. xanthomendozae, D. ficuzzae, D. caloplacae, D. cladoniicola, D. foliaceiphila, and X. puncteliae combs. nov, while Paraphaeosphaeria parmeliae sp. nov. is newly described

Linkage analysis between dominant and co-dominant makers in full-sib families of out-breeding species

As high-throughput genomic tools, such as the DNA microarray platform, have lead to the development of novel genotyping procedures, such as Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), it is likely that, in the future, high density linkage maps will be constructed from both dominant and co-dominant markers. Recently, a strictly genetic approach was described for estimating recombination frequency (r) between co-dominant markers in full-sib families. The complete set of maximum likelihood estimators for r in full-sib families was almost obtained, but unfortunately, one particular configuration involving dominant markers, segregating in a 3:1 ratio and co-dominant markers, was not considered. Here we add nine further estimators to the previously published set, thereby making it possible to cover all combinations of molecular markers with two to four alleles (without epistasis) in a full-sib family. This includes segregation in one or both parents, dominance and all linkage phase configurations

Efeito "in vitro" de antibióticos e rizobactérias no controle de bactérias fitopatogênicas ao Eucalyptus spp.

Doenças causadas por bactérias constituem um novo desafio à cultura do Eucalyptus spp., podendo, inclusive, limitar o uso de clones suscetíveis. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de antibióticos e rizobactérias na inibição do crescimento "in vitro" de isolados de bactérias fitopatogênicas ao Eucalyptus spp. na fase de viveiro e de campo. O antibiótico sulfato de amicacina e a rizobactéria S1 (Bacillus subtillis) destacaram-se quanto à inibição do crescimento do isolado fitopatogênico IP1-05 (Pseudomonas chichorii), enquanto a cefoxitina causou maior inibição dos isolados BSV16 e RVV11 (Rhizobium sp.). Os antibióticos de uso comercial na área agronômica, Mycoshield (oxitetraciclina) e Agrimicina (estreptomicina e tetraciclina) foram pouco efetivos. Este trabalho proporciona embasamento a alternativas para controle biológico de doenças bacterianas em mudas de Eucalyptus spp. na fase de viveiro