Study to Investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum (elixir) in comparison with reference drug Fenspiride (syrup) using accute carrageenan-induced paw inflammation model

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory action of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum (elixir) in comparison with Fenspiride was carried out on the model of acute carrageenan inflammation of the paws in rats. As a result of the study, it turned out that obtained data indicate a more pronounced anti-inflammatory activity of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum in comparison with Fenspiride, on the model of acute carrageenan inflammation of the paw in rat

Effect of Drying Mode of Bacterial Biomass on the Effectiveness of Extraction and Physicochemical Properties of the Product (Polymer)

Проведено сравнительное исследование различных режимов высушивания биомассы бактерий Cupriavidus eutrophus В10646. Показано, что различные режимы оказывают влияние на выход конечного продукта (полимера) и его физико-химические свойства (молекулярно-массовые и температурные характеристики). Использование высоких температур приводит к деградации полимера и снижению его молекулярной массы. Применение сублимационной сушки позволяет получить рыхлую биомассу с довольно развитой поверхностью, что благоприятно сказывается на процессе экстракции и не приводит к изменению молекулярно-массовых характеристик полимераComparative study of different drying modes of bacterial biomass of Cupriavidus eutrophus В10646 was conducted. Different modes differently affect the yield of the product (polymer) and its physicochemical properties (molecular weight distribution and temperature characteristics). High temperatures caused the polymer degradation and decrease of its molecular weight. Using freeze drying allows to obtain friable biomass with an extended surface which is favorable for extraction process and to preserve the molecular weight characteristics of the polyme

Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 BCE in Eurasia.

Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility1. However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious2-4. Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 BCE, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 BCE, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe around 3000 BCE and earlier3,5. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai around 3500 BCE, a settlement from central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centred on horses6,7. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines

FLUORIDE CONTAMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND PLANTS ONSITE POLLUTION BUBBLE OF THE ALUMINUM SMELTER

Выбросы алюминиевой промышленности являются источником загрязнения окружающей среды, в том числе и земель сельскохозяйственного назначения. Между уровнем загрязнения почв и загрязнением растений на сельскохозяйственных землях существует тесная связь. Дискуссионным остается вопрос о путях загрязнения фтором различных растений из почвы. Сельскохозяйственные растения в вегетативных органах способны накапливать фтор, содержание которого зависит от загрязнения им почвы. Целью проводимых исследований являлось определение загрязнения фтором в системе «почва – растение» в зоне влияния производственной деятельности алюминиевого завода (на примере Красноярского алюминиевого завода ОАО «РУСАЛ Красноярск») и рациональное использования загрязненных земель. При среднем уровне загрязнения возможно использование сена костреца при аналогичном уровне загрязнения почв, но желательно разбавлять его безопасной продукцией. В корнеплодах свеклы при всех уровнях загрязнения наблюдается небольшое превышение ПДК, что потребует использование определенной технологии переработки сырья. Морковь не накапливает в корнеплодах фтор и ее использование допустимо даже при выращивании близко к источнику загрязнения. По мере совершенствования технологии производственного процесса алюминиевого завода ОАО «РУСАЛ Красноярск» наблюдается тенденция уменьшения содержания фтора в почвах и сельскохозяйственных культурах.Aluminum industry emissions are the reason of environmental pollution, including agricultural lands. There is a close relationship between the level of soil contamination and pollution of plants on agricultural lands. Channels of contamination with fluorine from soil to different agricultural plants are still in the area of research interests. Vegetative organs of agricultural plants accumulate fluoride, which content depends on the soil pollution level. The aim of the research is the amount of fluoride in the system “soil – plant” determination onsite pollution bubble of the aluminum plant (illustrated by an example of the Krasnoyarsk aluminum smelter OJSK “RUSAL Krasnoyarsk”). Another aim of the research is a contribution to the development of efficient land use attains. Average and the same level of Bromus inermis Leyss. fluoride pollution allow using rump velour grasses, but assorted with safe products. Beet-roots despite the soil contamination level reveal a slight excess of maximum permitted level that would require the use of a certain technology for the processing of raw materials. Carrot (Daucus carota L.) does not accumulate water-soluble fluorine in the roots therefore its use is acceptable even if growing close to source of pollution. While enhancing the technology of aluminum production process at the Krasnoyarsk aluminum smelter a tendency of fluorine content reducing in soils and crops has become evident

Hyper-Cross-Linked Polystyrene as a Stabilizing Medium for Small Metal Clusters

Among different polymers nanostructured cross-linked aromatics have the greatest potential as catalytic supports due to their exceptional thermal and chemical stability and preservation of the active phase morphology. This work studies the ability of hyper-cross-linked polystyrene (HPS) to stabilize small Pdn and Ptn (n = 4 or 9) clusters. Unrestricted DFT calculations were carried out for benzene (BZ) adsorption at the BP level of theory using triple-zeta basis sets. The adsorption of BZ rings (stepwise from one to four) was found to result in noticeable gain in energy and stabilization of resulting adsorption complexes. Moreover, the interaction of metal clusters with HPS micropores was also addressed. For the first time, the incorporation of small clusters in the HPS structure was shown to influences its geometry resulting in the stabilization of polymer due to its partial relaxation

Efficacy of embedded metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl herbicides in field-grown vegetable crops infested by weeds

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of the experimental formulations of the metribuzin (MET) and tribenuron-methyl (TBM) herbicides embedded in the matrix of degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate blended with wood flour in field-grown tomato and beet crops infested by weeds. There is a necessity to develop environmentally friendly and effective means to protect plants because of the shortcomings of the free herbicide forms such as the environmentally unsafe spray application of solutions and suspensions of the widespread metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl herbicides, removal from soil during watering events and rains, and transport to natural aquatic environments, where the herbicides accumulate in the trophic chains of biota. Free TBM is also rapidly inactivated in soil and metabolized to nontoxic products in plants. The efficacy of experimental formulations of metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl embedded in the matrix of degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate blended with wood flour was tested in field-grown tomato and beet crops infested with weeds. Application of metribuzin resulted in the highest productivity of tomatoes (2.3 kg/m2) and table beet (3.4 kg/m2), improved biometric parameters of tomato fruits and beet roots, and caused reduction in nitrate nitrogen concentrations in them. The mode of herbicide delivery did not affect sugar contents, but application of both metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl induced a 1.7-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, increase in vitamin C concentrations in tomato fruits and beet roots relative to the vegetables grown on the subplots treated with free herbicides and the intact plants. Embedded herbicides can be used as preemergence herbicides in the field

Efficacy of embedded metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl herbicides in field-grown vegetable crops infested by weeds

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of the experimental formulations of the metribuzin (MET) and tribenuron-methyl (TBM) herbicides embedded in the matrix of degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate blended with wood flour in field-grown tomato and beet crops infested by weeds. There is a necessity to develop environmentally friendly and effective means to protect plants because of the shortcomings of the free herbicide forms such as the environmentally unsafe spray application of solutions and suspensions of the widespread metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl herbicides, removal from soil during watering events and rains, and transport to natural aquatic environments, where the herbicides accumulate in the trophic chains of biota. Free TBM is also rapidly inactivated in soil and metabolized to nontoxic products in plants. The efficacy of experimental formulations of metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl embedded in the matrix of degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate blended with wood flour was tested in field-grown tomato and beet crops infested with weeds. Application of metribuzin resulted in the highest productivity of tomatoes (2.3 kg/m2) and table beet (3.4 kg/m2), improved biometric parameters of tomato fruits and beet roots, and caused reduction in nitrate nitrogen concentrations in them. The mode of herbicide delivery did not affect sugar contents, but application of both metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl induced a 1.7-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, increase in vitamin C concentrations in tomato fruits and beet roots relative to the vegetables grown on the subplots treated with free herbicides and the intact plants. Embedded herbicides can be used as preemergence herbicides in the field

Effect of Drying Mode of Bacterial Biomass on the Effectiveness of Extraction and Physicochemical Properties of the Product (Polymer)

Проведено сравнительное исследование различных режимов высушивания биомассы бактерий Cupriavidus eutrophus В10646. Показано, что различные режимы оказывают влияние на выход конечного продукта (полимера) и его физико-химические свойства (молекулярно-массовые и температурные характеристики). Использование высоких температур приводит к деградации полимера и снижению его молекулярной массы. Применение сублимационной сушки позволяет получить рыхлую биомассу с довольно развитой поверхностью, что благоприятно сказывается на процессе экстракции и не приводит к изменению молекулярно-массовых характеристик полимераComparative study of different drying modes of bacterial biomass of Cupriavidus eutrophus В10646 was conducted. Different modes differently affect the yield of the product (polymer) and its physicochemical properties (molecular weight distribution and temperature characteristics). High temperatures caused the polymer degradation and decrease of its molecular weight. Using freeze drying allows to obtain friable biomass with an extended surface which is favorable for extraction process and to preserve the molecular weight characteristics of the polyme

Noble Metal Nanoparticles Stabilized by Hyper-Cross-Linked Polystyrene as Effective Catalysts in Hydrogenation of Arenes

This work is addressing the arenes’ hydrogenation—the processes of high importance for petrochemical, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Noble metal (Pd, Pt, Ru) nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized in hyper-cross-linked polystyrene (HPS) were shown to be active and selective catalysts in hydrogenation of a wide range of arenes (monocyclic, condensed, substituted, etc.) in a batch mode. HPS effectively stabilized metal NPs during hydrogenation in different medium (water, organic solvents) and allowed multiple catalyst reuses

Biodegradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates Formed by 3- and 4-Hydroxybutyrate Monomers to Produce Nanomembranes Suitable for Drug Delivery and Cell Culture

Biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates, biopolymers of microbiological origin, formed by 3- and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers P(3HB-co-4HB), were used to obtain nanomembranes loaded with drugs as cell carriers by electrospinning. Resorbable non-woven membranes from P(3HB-co-4HB) loaded with ceftazidime, doripinem, and actovegin have been obtained. The loading of membranes with drugs differently affected the size of fibers and the structure of membranes, and in all cases increased the hydrophilicity of the surface. The release of drugs in vitro was gradual, which corresponded to the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Antibiotic-loaded membranes showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, in which growth inhibition zones were 41.7 ± 1.1 and 38.6 ± 1.7 mm for ceftazidime and doripinem, respectively. The study of the biological activity of membranes in the NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast culture based on the results of DAPI and FITC staining of cells, as well as the MTT test, did not reveal a negative effect despite the presence of antibiotics in them. Samples containing actovegin exhibit a stimulating effect on fibroblasts. Biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates formed by 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers provide electrospinning non-woven membranes suitable for long-term delivery of drugs and cultivation of eukaryotic cells, and are promising for the treatment of wound defects complicated by infection