The Immunologic Relationship between Root Resorptions and Osteoclastic Activity - Literature Review

Current literature indicates the close relationship between root resorptions and the role of clasts responsible for hard tissue destruction. The process is complex and involves mechanical factors and intense biological activity. Immunological interactions stimulate the recruitment and migration of clasts into a specific area, in order to destroy bone, cementum and dentin. Nevertheless, understanding the whole process will bring light to other questions concerning the role of the immunologic system in other parts of the human body. The aim of this review was to describe the development of the process, from mineralization to the destruction of hard tissues and the possible relationship between root resorption and cellular immune system.</p

Atributos morfogênicos de pastos de capim-mombaça adubados com resíduo de laticínio.

A morfogênese determina o crescimento da planta, e está, dentre outros fatores, sob influência do aporte de nutrientes. Neste contexto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do uso de águas residuais da indústria de laticínios (RLL) como fornecedor de nutrientes, sobre características morfogênicas do capimmombaça. Para isso foram estudadas seis doses de resíduo líquido de laticínio, correspondentes a: 10; 50; 100; 150; 200 e 400 m³ ha-¹ avaliadas em quatro ciclos produtivos e comparadas à adubação química. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento em blocos casualisados sendo arranjados em quatro repetições. Foram mensuradas as características de expansão e aparecimento foliar, senescência foliar, alongamento do colmo e perfilhamento. A aplicação de águas residuárias da indústria de laticínios influenciou (P<0,05) positivamente a taxa de alongamento foliar (TAlF), taxa de aparecimento foliar (TApF), taxa de alongamento de colmo (TAlH) e a taxa de aparecimento de perfilhos (TApP). Houve diminuição da taxa de senescência foliar (TSF) e do filocrono na gramínea. A aplicação de 400 m³ ha-¹ de RLL elevou as taxas morfogênicas do capim-mombaça, substituindo até 25% da adubação fosfatada e 100% da adubação potássica, possuindo também, efeito residual positivo no crescimento do capim. O resíduo líquido de laticínio é potencial fornecedor de potássio para o pasto de capim-mombaça.The morphogenesis determines the model of plant growth, and is, among other factors, under the influence of nutrient availability. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of using wastewater from the dairy industry (RLL) as a supplier of nutrients in the morphogenesis of grass Mombaça. For this we studied six doses of liquid dairy waste, corresponding to: 10, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 400 m³ ha-1 evaluated in four production cycles and compared to chemical fertilizer. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications compounds. We measured the characteristics of expansion and leaf appearance, leaf senescence, stem elongation and tillering. The application of wastewater from the dairy industry has positively influenced the leaf elongation rate, leaf appearance rate, stem elongation rate and the rate of tillering. A reduction in the rate leaf senescence and the phyllochron in the grass. The application of 400 m³ ha-¹ RLL guarantees satisfactory morphogenic indices in intensive grazing system, replacing up to 25% of phosphorus and potassium fertilization of 100%, having also a positive residual effect on the growth of grass. The liquid waste is a potential supplier of dairy grazing potassium for the pastures

Soil fertility and productivity of Mombaça grass with the use of solid residues of meat industry Fertilidade do solo e produtividade de capim Mombaça adubado com resíduos sólidos de frigorífico

It was aimed to evaluate the effect of residual solids in meat industry (RSF) on the production of Panicun Maximus cv. Mombaça and also assess the physical and chemical properties of soil subjected to each level of fertilization. The treatments consisted of increasing doses of waste meat industry: 0, 60, 120 and 180t/ha and analysis of depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30cm). The characteristics evaluated were total dry matter (DM), plant height, number of tillers (NP), leaf, stem and dead material. The soils were analyzed at three depths: 0 to 10, 10 to 20, 20 to 30 cm, considering: size, Al, Ca and Mg; potential acidity (Al + H), K, P, pH and calculating the sum of exchangeable bases (SB), cation exchange capacity at pH 7 (CTC) and saturation of bases (base saturation) (V%) and Al (m%). The levels of N, P and K were determined in tissues of forage. From the seven attributes of fertility tested, five showed significant differences for RSF. In relation to production, there was significant response in the application of waste, increasing the values of dry weight, number of tillers and plant height, howing a significant effect in this attribute when considering the increasing doses of the waste, resulting in production of 9.3kg/ha DM of waste applied. The paper concluded that the addition of organic material directly influences the availability of nutrients in surface layers of soil and, consequently, the agronomic characteristics of Mombaça grass.Objetivou-se analisar o efeito de resíduo de sólidos de frigoríficos (RSF) sobre a produção do Panicun maximun cv. Mombaça e, ainda, avaliar as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo submetido a cada nível de adubação. Os tratamentos constaram de doses crescentes de resíduos de frigorífico: 0, 60, 120 e 180t/ha e análises das profundidades (0-10; 10-20 e 20-30cm). As características avaliadas foram de matéria seca total (MS), altura das plantas, número de perfilhos (NP), lâmina foliar, colmo e material morto. Os solos foram analisados em três profundidades diferentes (0 a 10, 10 a 20, 20 a 30cm) e foram submetidos às análises de granulometria; Al, Ca e Mg; acidez potencial (Al + H); K; P e pH. Foram calculadas a soma de bases trocáveis (SB), capacidade de troca catiônica a pH 7 (CTC) e saturações por bases (V%) e por Al (m%). Os teores de N, P e K foram determinados nos tecidos da forrageira. Dos sete atributos de fertilidade analisados, cinco apresentaram diferenças significativas para RSF. Em relação à produção, houve resposta significativa na aplicação do resíduo, o que provocou o aumento dos valores de massa seca, número de perfilhos e altura das plantas e indicou um efeito significativo nesse atributo, quando consideradas as doses crescentes do resíduo, com produção de 9,3 kg de MS/ha por tonelada de resíduo aplicado. Conclui-se que o acréscimo de material orgânico influencia diretamente na disponibilidade de nutrientes nas camadas superficiais do solo e, consequentemente, as características agronômicas do Panicum

Spatial variation and area definition of nutrient extraction by Marandu grass biomass

O objetivo foi quantificar, descrever e identificar zonas de extração de nutrientes pela fitomassa da Brachiaria brazantha cv. Marandu em sistemas de integração floresta-pasto em região de transição Cerrado-Amazônia sobre Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico típico, por meio de técnicas de geoestatística, de análise de componentes principais e da lógica de agrupamento não hierárquica de fuzzy k-médias. As avaliações foram realizadas em dois sistemas de integração floresta-pasto originários da associação de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e vegetação nativa raleada com 50% e 75% (IFP-I e IFP-II, respectivamente) de sombreamento e em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em monocultivo. Para cada tratamento foi demarcada uma área de 4.000 m² (40 x 100 m) que continham 32 pontos de coleta dispostos em malha de 4 x 25 m. Em cada ponto previamente marcado nos tratamentos avaliados se estimou as taxas de alongamento de lâminas foliares, senescência foliar e de alongamento de colmo. Ao final de cada ciclo produtivo foram determinados nas lâminas foliares e no colmo os teores de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca e Mg. A extração de nutrientes foi calculada em função das taxas de produção bruta de forragem, de acúmulo de forragem e de folhas. Zonas de extração de nutrientes minerais pela fitomassa da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu são definidas utilizando-se técnicas de geoestatística, de análise de componentes principais e da lógica de agrupamento não hierárquica de fuzzy k-médias. Assim o uso desses procedimentos é viável na definição e delimitação de zonas homogêneas dentro e entre os sistemas de produção de gramínea estudados.The present study aimed to quantify, describe and identify areas of nutrient extraction by Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu biomass in integrated forest-pasture systems from a Cerrado-Amazon transition region with Typic Quartzipsamment soil by using geostatistical techniques, principal components analysis and non-hierarchical fuzzy k-means clustering. The evaluations were conducted in two integrated forest-pasture systems from an association with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and native vegetation thinned with 50% and 75% (integrated forest production-I (IFP-I) and IFP-II, respectively) shading and in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu monoculture. For each treatment, an area of 4,000 m² (40 x 100 m) was demarcated containing 32 collection points arranged in a 4 x 25 m mesh. At each point, the rates of leaf elongation, senescence and stem elongation were estimated. At the end of each production cycle, the nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) was determined in the leaf blades and stem. The nutrient uptake was calculated according to the rates of gross forage production, forage accumulation and leaf accumulation. The nutrient extraction zones of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu biomass were defined using geostatistical techniques, principal components analysis and non-hierarchical fuzzy k-means clustering. Thus, the use of these procedures is feasible for the definition and delimitation of homogeneous zones within and between the pasture production systems studied

A Rare Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Maxilla Mimicking a Periapical Lesion

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a malignant neoplasm that is rarely found in the oral cavity. About 50% of this tumor occurs in patients with neurofibromatosis type I and comprises approximately 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas of head and neck region. Intraosseous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the maxilla is rare. This article is the first to address malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the maxilla presenting as a periapical radiolucency on nonvital endodontically treated teeth in the English medical literature. Surgical approaches to malignant soft tissue tumor vary based on the extent of the disease, age of the patient, and pathological findings. A rare case of intraosseous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is reported in a 16-year-old woman. The patient presented clinically with a pain involving the upper left incisors region and with defined unilocular periapical radiolucency lesion involved between the upper left incisors. An incisional biopsy was made. Histological and immunohistochemical examination were positive for S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein showed that the lesion was an intraosseous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the maxilla. Nine years after the surgery, no regional recurrence was observed

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ