13 research outputs found

    Contributions Ă  l'Ă©valuation des risques en assurance tempĂȘte et automobile

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    In this Ph.D. Dissertation we study the storm guarantee dedicated to the damage caused by the wind and a development of the behavioral insurance through the automobile risk. We associate external information like the wind speed to insurance data. We propose the construction of a storm index to complete and strengthen the evaluation of the damages caused by the major storms. Then we define a partition of the French territory in 6 zones storms, depending on extreme wind correlations to test several scenarios. These various tests and considerations allow us to improve our storm index. We lean on extreme value theory models to show the impact of the variability on the calculation of return periods and capital requirements. We underline the difficulties to obtain strong results in connection with the extreme events. Concerning car insurance, we test various methods to answer the technical and legal evolutions. We characterize the man/woman partition by using the logistic procedure, the multiple correspondence analysis or the classification trees. We show that it is possible to compensate for the absence of the sex variable with other information specific to the insurants or to their vehicle and in particular the use of kilometric data. Finally, we are interested in the acquired experience by young drivers. We study the behavior on the road of the insurants to create new classes of risksDans cette thĂšse, nous Ă©tudions la garantie tempĂȘte consacrĂ©e aux dommages causĂ©s par le vent et un dĂ©veloppement de l'assurance comportementale Ă  travers le risque automobile. Nous associons des informations extĂ©rieures comme la vitesse du vent aux donnĂ©es de l'assurance. Nous proposons la construction d'un indice tempĂȘte pour complĂ©ter et renforcer l'Ă©valuation des dĂ©gĂąts causĂ©s par les tempĂȘtes majeures. Nous dĂ©finissons ensuite un partage du territoire français en 6 zones tempĂȘtes, dĂ©pendant des corrĂ©lations extrĂȘmes de vent, pour tester plusieurs scĂ©narios. Ces diffĂ©rents tests et considĂ©rations nous permettent d'amĂ©liorer notre indice tempĂȘte. Nous nous appuyons sur les modĂšles de la thĂ©orie des valeurs extrĂȘmes pour montrer l'impact de la variabilitĂ© sur le calcul des pĂ©riodes de retour et besoins en fonds propres. Nous soulignons ainsi les difficultĂ©s rencontrĂ©es pour dĂ©gager des rĂ©sultats robustes en lien avec les Ă©vĂšnements extrĂȘmes. Pour ce qui est de l'assurance automobile, nous testons diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes pour rĂ©pondre aux Ă©volutions techniques et rĂ©glementaires. Nous caractĂ©risons la partition homme / femme en utilisant la procĂ©dure logistique, l'analyse des correspondances multiples ou les arbres de classification. Nous montrons qu'il est possible de compenser l'absence de la variable sexe par d'autres informations spĂ©cifiques Ă  l'assurĂ© ou Ă  son vĂ©hicule et en particulier l'utilisation de relevĂ©s kilomĂ©triques. Enfin, nous nous intĂ©ressons Ă  l'expĂ©rience acquise par les conducteurs novices. Nous Ă©tudions le comportement sur la route de l'assurĂ© pour crĂ©er de nouvelles classes de risque

    Contributions to risk assessment in wind storm and car insurance

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    Dans cette thĂšse, nous Ă©tudions la garantie tempĂȘte consacrĂ©e aux dommages causĂ©s par le vent et un dĂ©veloppement de l'assurance comportementale Ă  travers le risque automobile. Nous associons des informations extĂ©rieures comme la vitesse du vent aux donnĂ©es de l'assurance. Nous proposons la construction d'un indice tempĂȘte pour complĂ©ter et renforcer l'Ă©valuation des dĂ©gĂąts causĂ©s par les tempĂȘtes majeures. Nous dĂ©finissons ensuite un partage du territoire français en 6 zones tempĂȘtes, dĂ©pendant des corrĂ©lations extrĂȘmes de vent, pour tester plusieurs scĂ©narios. Ces diffĂ©rents tests et considĂ©rations nous permettent d'amĂ©liorer notre indice tempĂȘte. Nous nous appuyons sur les modĂšles de la thĂ©orie des valeurs extrĂȘmes pour montrer l'impact de la variabilitĂ© sur le calcul des pĂ©riodes de retour et besoins en fonds propres. Nous soulignons ainsi les difficultĂ©s rencontrĂ©es pour dĂ©gager des rĂ©sultats robustes en lien avec les Ă©vĂšnements extrĂȘmes. Pour ce qui est de l'assurance automobile, nous testons diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes pour rĂ©pondre aux Ă©volutions techniques et rĂ©glementaires. Nous caractĂ©risons la partition homme / femme en utilisant la procĂ©dure logistique, l'analyse des correspondances multiples ou les arbres de classification. Nous montrons qu'il est possible de compenser l'absence de la variable sexe par d'autres informations spĂ©cifiques Ă  l'assurĂ© ou Ă  son vĂ©hicule et en particulier l'utilisation de relevĂ©s kilomĂ©triques. Enfin, nous nous intĂ©ressons Ă  l'expĂ©rience acquise par les conducteurs novices. Nous Ă©tudions le comportement sur la route de l'assurĂ© pour crĂ©er de nouvelles classes de risquesIn this Ph.D. Dissertation we study the storm guarantee dedicated to the damage caused by the wind and a development of the behavioral insurance through the automobile risk. We associate external information like the wind speed to insurance data. We propose the construction of a storm index to complete and strengthen the evaluation of the damages caused by the major storms. Then we define a partition of the French territory in 6 zones storms, depending on extreme wind correlations to test several scenarios. These various tests and considerations allow us to improve our storm index. We lean on extreme value theory models to show the impact of the variability on the calculation of return periods and capital requirements. We underline the difficulties to obtain strong results in connection with the extreme events. Concerning car insurance, we test various methods to answer the technical and legal evolutions. We characterize the man/woman partition by using the logistic procedure, the multiple correspondence analysis or the classification trees. We show that it is possible to compensate for the absence of the sex variable with other information specific to the insurants or to their vehicle and in particular the use of kilometric data. Finally, we are interested in the acquired experience by young drivers. We study the behavior on the road of the insurants to create new classes of risk

    Influence de la partition homme/femme et de l’expĂ©rience kilomĂ©trique dans l’assurance automobile

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    International audienceDans le secteur de l'assurance automobile, la dĂ©cision de la Cour de Justice de l'Union europĂ©enne selon laquelle il n'est plus possible de pratiquer des tarifs selon le sexe de l'assurĂ©, ainsi que la diffusion des dispositifs d'assurance aukilo etre, entraĂźnent nĂ©cessairement une Ă©volution de la gestion du risque. Dans cet article, on se base sur le portefeuilles d'Allianz en France pour rĂ©pondre Ă  ces deux problĂ©matiques. On propose de caractĂ©riser la partition homme/femme en explorant diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes statistiques comme la procĂ©dure logistique, l'analyse des correspondances multiples (ACM) ou les arbres de classification (CART). On montre qu'il est possible de compenser l'absence de la variable sexe par d'autres informations spĂ©cifique a l'assurĂ© oĂč a son vĂ©hicule et en particulier l'utilisation de relevĂ©s kilomĂ©triques [11]. On revient ensuite Ă  l'utilisation des modĂšles linĂ©aires gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©s (GLM) pour valider ces rĂ©sultats. Dans une seconde partie, on s'intĂ©resse Ă  l'expĂ©rience acquise par les conducteurs novices. Cette catĂ©gorie d'assurĂ©s compte parmi les plus sensibles aux critĂšres homme/femme dans sa tarification. Ici, les modĂšles additifs gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©s (GAM) permettent d'exploiter les variables numĂ©riques comme le kilomĂ©trage annuel parcouru. Nous proposons finalement d'Ă©tudier le comportement sur la route de l'assurĂ© durant ses trois annĂ©es de noviciat pour crĂ©er de nouvelles catĂ©gories de risques

    Wind Storm Risk Management : Sensitivity of Return Period Calculations and Spread on the Territory

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    Models and forecasts of damage from wind storms are a major issue for insurance companies. In this article, we focus on the calculation sensitivity of return periods for extreme events. Numerous elements come into play, such as data quality (location of insured buildings, weather report homogeneity), missing updates (history of insurance portfolios, change of ground roughness, climate change), the evolution of the model after an unprecedented event such as Lothar in Europe and temporal aggregation (events defined through blocks of 2 or 3 days or blocks of one week). Another important aspect concerns storm trajectories, which could change due to global warming or sweep larger areas. We here partition the French territory into 6 storm zones depending on extreme wind correlation to test several scenarios. We use a storm index defined in \cite{Ma} to show the difficulties met to obtain reliable results on extreme events

    Wind storm risk management: sensitivity of return period calculations and spread on the territory

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    Modeling and forecasting damage from wind storms is a major issue for insurance companies. In this article, we focus on the sensitivity of estimations of return periods for extreme events with respect to modeling assumptions and the type of input data. Numerous variables play a role: the quality of data concerning the location of insured buildings and weather report homogeneity, missing updates for correcting non-stationarities concerning the insurance portfolio history, ground roughness or climate change, the evolution of the model after an unprecedented event such as the Lothar storm observed in 1999 in Europe, temporal aggregation of daily events over several days, where events could span over several days up to one week, and storm trajectories, which could change due to global warming or sweep larger areas. Our work explores three important aspects. First, we highlight the geographic heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of wind speeds and the resulting damages. Therefore, we propose to partition the French territory into 6 relatively homogeneous storm zones, based on the dependence among observed wind speeds and geographic distance. Second, we extend a storm index—defined in Mornet et al. (Risk Anal 35:2029–2056, 2015)—to take into account geographic heterogeneity, and we analyze its tail behavior to show the difficulties met to obtain reliable results on extreme events. Third, we explore the calculation of Solvency Capital Requirements based on a model that we propose for the annual claim amount distribution. The purpose of our analysis is to quantify and to point out the high level of uncertainty in the computation of return periods and of other quantities strongly influenced by extreme events

    Hierarchical self-assembly of nanoparticles for optical metamaterials

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    Hierarchical self-assembly arranges nanostructures at different length scales. It gradually becomes an effective method of fabricating artificial metamaterials from composite nanostructures tailored for a particular response. Hierarchical self-assembly overcomes shortcomings of "top-down" methods by significantly reducing fabrication time and making it possible to form bulk materials. Here we report an application of hierarchical self-assembly of metal nanoparticles for the creation of the first isotropic optical metamaterial with strong artificial magnetism in blue light. We have used colloidal self-assembly to create artificial "nanomolecules" that generate the desired magnetic response and microfluidic self-assembly to produce a bulk metastructure. We demonstrate that the magnetic response of the final material is accurately described by an isotropic magnetic permeability that satisfies the principle of locality. Our approach unlocks the fabrication of large volumes of composite nanomaterials. Moreover, the spatial disorder inherent to this "bottom-up" method holds the key to solving the non-locality problem. The technique can be readily extended to the future generations of low-loss optical metamaterials made of dielectric nano-blocks to bypass the limitations of optical losses associated with plasmonic resonances in noble metals.Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeau

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