324 research outputs found
Stochastic programming approach for TEP optimization considering RES integration in electricity market
Transmission expansion planning (TEP) is helping the system operator to decide the optimal solution for building new lines and in the same time to increase the reliability and safety of the existing power system. The proposed problem is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP) and it is solved using stochastic programming. Stochastic programming is applied when uncertain environment occurs, in this case the uncertain environment refers to the production of renewable energy sources (RES) and its dependence on the short-term weather conditions. Stochastic Optimization weights all scenarios considered in this paper in order to obtain an expected total cost. The expected total cost includes the cost associated with the construction of new transmission lines, generation cost and load shedding cost
Intelligent energy management based on SCADA system in a real Microgrid for smart building applications
Energy management is one of the main challenges in Microgrids (MGs) applied to Smart Buildings (SBs). Hence, more studies are indispensable to consider both modeling and operating aspects to utilize the upcoming results of the system for the different applications. This paper presents a novel energy management architecture model based on complete Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system duties in an educational building with an MG Laboratory (Lab) testbed, which is named LAMBDA at the Electrical and Energy Engineering Department of the Sapienza University of Rome. The LAMBDA MG Lab simulates in a small scale a SB and is connected with the DIAEE electrical network. LAMBDA MG is composed of a Photovoltaic generator (PV), a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), a smart switchboard (SW), and different classified loads (critical, essential, and normal) some of which are manageable and controllable (lighting, air conditioning, smart plugs operating into the LAB). The aim of the LAMBDA implementation is making the DIAEE smart for energy saving purposes. In the LAMBDA Lab, the communication architecture consists in a complex of master/slave units and actuators carried out by two main international standards, Modbus (industrial serial standard for electrical and technical monitoring systems) and Konnex (an open standard for commercial and domestic building automation). Making the electrical department smart causes to reduce the required power from the main grid. Hence, to achieve the aims, results have been investigated in two modes. Initially, the real-time mode based on the SCADA system, which reveals real daily power consumption and production of different sources and loads. Next, the simulation part is assigned to shows the behavior of the main grid, loads and BESS charging and discharging based on energy management system. Finally, the proposed model has been examined in different scenarios and evaluated from the economic aspect
Radio Propagation Environment Analysis for Neutrino Radio Detection in Salt Mines
Abstract a We consider a neutrino large-scale radio Cherenkov observatory in a Romanian salt mine. We include propagation effects on the radio signal generated and make a threshold analysis, taking into account how the pulse couples to a realistic receiver and signal-to-noise ratio limiting situations
The Evolving Landscape of Immunotherapy in Uterine Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Endometrial cancer affects the uterus and is becoming increasingly common and deadly.
Although surgery and adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy can often cure the disease when it is contained in
the uterus, patients with metastatic or recurrent disease have limited response rates to chemotherapy,
targeted agents, and hormonal therapy. To address this unmet clinical need, innovative treatment
strategies are needed, and a growing focus on the immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment
has arisen. Current data suggest that active and/or passive immunotherapy may be promising for
the treatment of endometrial cancer
A mobile detector for measurements of the atmospheric muon flux in underground sites
Muons comprise an important contribution of the natural radiation dose in air
(approx. 30 nSv/h of a total dose rate of 65-130 nSv/h), as well as in
underground sites even when the flux and relative contribution are
significantly reduced. The flux of the muons observed in underground can be
used as an estimator for the depth in mwe (meter water equivalent) of the
underground site. The water equivalent depth is an important information to
devise physics experiments feasible for a specific site. A mobile detector for
performing measurements of the muon's flux was developed in IFIN-HH, Bucharest.
Consisting of 2 scintillator plates (approx. 0.9 m2) which measure in
coincidence, the detector is installed on a van which facilitates measurements
at different locations at surface or underground. The detector was used to
determine muon fluxes at different sites in Romania. In particular, data were
taken and the values of meter water equivalents were assessed for several
locations from the salt mine from Slanic Prahova, Romania. The measurements
have been performed in 2 different galleries of the Slanic mine at different
depths. In order to test the stability of the method, also measure- ments of
the muon flux at surface at different elevations were performed. The results
were compared with predictions of Monte-Carlo simulations using the CORSIKA and
MUSIC codes
Strong impact of smoking on multimorbidity and cardiovascular risk among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals in comparison with the general population.
Background. âAlthough acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated morbidity has diminished due to excellent viral control, multimorbidity may be increasing among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons compared with the general population. Methods. âWe assessed the prevalence of comorbidities and multimorbidity in participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) compared with the population-based CoLaus study and the primary care-based FIRE (Family Medicine ICPC-Research using Electronic Medical Records) records. The incidence of the respective endpoints were assessed among SHCS and CoLaus participants. Poisson regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking. Results. âOverall, 74 291 participants contributed data to prevalence analyses (3230 HIV-infected; 71 061 controls). In CoLaus, FIRE, and SHCS, multimorbidity was present among 26%, 13%, and 27% of participants. Compared with nonsmoking individuals from CoLaus, the incidence of cardiovascular disease was elevated among smoking individuals but independent of HIV status (HIV-negative smoking: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-2.5; HIV-positive smoking: IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1-2.6; HIV-positive nonsmoking: IRR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.44-1.4). Compared with nonsmoking HIV-negative persons, multivariable Poisson regression identified associations of HIV infection with hypertension (nonsmoking: IRR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5-2.4; smoking: IRR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.6-2.4), kidney (nonsmoking: IRR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.9-3.8; smoking: IRR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.9-3.6), and liver disease (nonsmoking: IRR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4-2.4; smoking: IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4-2.2). No evidence was found for an association of HIV-infection or smoking with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions. âMultimorbidity is more prevalent and incident in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative individuals. Smoking, but not HIV status, has a strong impact on cardiovascular risk and multimorbidity
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding
eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the Pierre Auger
Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum
confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above
eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law with
index followed by
a smooth suppression region. For the energy () at which the
spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence
of suppression, we find
eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger
Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers.
These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of
the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray
energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30
to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of
the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is
determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated
using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due
to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components.
The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of
the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the
AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air
shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy
-- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy
estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the
surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator
scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent
emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for
the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at
least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
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