Analisis Efisiensi Pemasaran Kubis di Kabupaten Magetan (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Plaosan)

: The research aims to (1) determine the amount of costs, profits and marketing margins in each marketing channel of cabbage, (2) marketing channels of cabbage most economically efficient, (3) the level of integration between the cabbage market Pasar Sayur- Magetan Regency and Pasar Besar - Ngawi regency. The basic method of this research is descriptive analysis method with survey techniques. Research sites in the subdistrict of Plaosan because it is the area\u27s largest cabbage producer in Magetan regency. The data used are primary and secondary data. Data analysis included descriptive analysis of marketing channels, costs and marketing margins and market integration. The results showed that there are three marketing channels cabbage in Magetan regency which marketing channels I : cabbage farmers à collecting traders à large traders à retailers à consumers, marketing channels II : cabbage farmers à large traders à retailers à consumers, marketing channels III : cabbage farmers à retailers à consumers. Marketing margin percentage in the marketing channels I 51.43%, channel II 42.86% and channel III 28.57%. Farmer\u27s share value at marketing channel I 48.57%, channel II 55.71%, and channel 69.95%. Cabbage marketing channels which are economically the most efficient marketing channel III with the lowest marketing margin percentage and the highest value of the farmer\u27s share. The integration between the cabbage market Pasar Sayur- Magetan Regency and Pasar Besar - Ngawi regency was low with IMC value of 3.4 > 1

Proglašen Zakonik kanona istočnih crkava

The hydrothermal synthesis of a zeolite with properties suitable for use in the assembly–disassembly–organization–reassembly (ADOR) process was designed, and a zeolite called SAZ-1 was successfully prepared. This zeolite was then used as a parent in the ADOR process, and two new daughter zeolites, IPC-15 and IPC-16, were prepared. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the new zeolites match well with those predicted using computational methods. The three materials form an isoreticular series with decreasing pores size from 14-ring to 12-ring to 10-ring

Residues of chlorinated pesticides in mother\u27s milk and child\u27s serum

Uzorci mlijeka i seruma 27 hospitaliziranih dojilja iz Bjelovara i Zaboka s okolnim mjestima analizirani su na ostatke kloriranih insekticida aldrina, dieldrina, endrina, heptaklora, heptaklor epoksida, lindana i ostalih stereoizomera heksaklorcikloheksana, pp-\u27DDT-a i metabolita (pp-\u27DDE i pp-\u27DDD) i op-\u27DDT. Posebno je još analizirano 18 seruma majki i isto toliko seruma njihove djece koji su svi iz Zagreba. U uzorcima smo dokazali prisutnost samo Gama-HCH (Lindan). Alfa-HCH, pp-\u27DDE, op-\u27DDT, pp-\u27DDD i pp-\u27DDT. Koncentracije nađenih insekticida mnogo su veće u mlijeku dojilja nego u serumima. U serumima djece bilo je manje samo pp-\u27DDE i pp-\u27DDT nego u serumima njihovih majki. Uzorci seruma dojilja iz Zaboka i okolnih mjesta, hospitaliziranih u Zaboku i serumi dojilja iz Bjelovara hospitaliziranih u Zagrebu (N = 27) sadržavaju više navedenih insekticida nego uzorci seruma dojilja s područja Zagreba (N = 18).Milk samples obtained from 27 hospitalized lactating women and an equal number of sera from the same women were examined for residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides: aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide, lindan and other steroisomers of hexachlorcyclohexane, pp\u27DDT and its metabolites (pp\u27-DDE, pp\u27-DDD) and op\u27-DDT. Additional 18 samples of mother\u27s sera and an equal number of their children\u27s sera were examined separately. The aim was to find out whether there is a correlation between the pesticide residues in mother\u27s serum and mother\u27s milk and in the serum of the mother and her child. The insecticides were determined according to the procedure used by the US Food and Drug Administration (4). Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in the serum were examined with the method described by Wyllie and coworkers (5). In all samples only the presence of a-HCH, y-HCH, pp\u27-DDE, op\u27-DDT, pp\u27-DDD and pp\u27-DDT could be demonstrated. The concentration ratio between mother\u27s milk and serum was between 4 and 11. The concentration ratio between mother\u27s and child\u27s serum was below 1 except for pp\u27-DDE and pp\u27-DDT

Synthesis of <i>N</i>‑Heterocyclic Carbene Gold Complexes Using Solution-Phase and Solid-State Protocols

Several new phenolate complexes were prepared by reacting [Au­(IPr)­(OH)] (IPr = 1,3-bis­(2,6-di-<i>iso</i>-propylphenyl)­imidazol-2-ylidene) with phenols in solution. These complexes were also prepared by a new method. The precursor to the gold hydroxide [Au­(IPr)­Cl] was simply ground with KOH and the organic substrates. [Au­(IPr)­(R)] complexes that required heating in solution for extended periods of time were prepared using the grinding method in only minutes

Bulky <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene IPr* in Selected Organo- and Transition Metal-Mediated Catalytic Applications

A series of studies were conducted to probe the stability and reactivity of a very sterically encumbered <i>N</i>-heterocyclic carbene. The X-ray structure of the NHC IPr* (IPr* = 1,3-bis­(2,6-bis­(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)­imidazol-2-ylidene) was determined. IPr* was used as an organocatalyst in transesterification reactions. Steric and electronic parameters characterizing IPr* were determined via the synthesis of a nickel-carbonyl complex, [Ni­(CO)₃(IPr*)]. A related complex, [(Cp*)­Ru­(IPr*)­Cl] (Cp* = η⁵-C₅Me₅), was prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography, and its catalytic performance in the racemization of chiral alcohols is reported. The catalytic performance of the NHC and of its transition metal derivatives permit establishing the standing of this uniquely bulky member among the NHC family

Fluorinated Phosphorus–Selenium Heteroatom Compounds: Phenylphosphonofluorodiselenoic Salts, Adducts, and Esters

2,4-Bis­(phenyl)-1,3-diselenadiphosphetane-2,4-diselenide, [PhP­(Se)­(μ-Se)]₂, Woollins’ reagent (<b>WR</b>), reacts with dry KF or tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) at room temperature generating the corresponding potassium and tetrabutylammonium phenyldiselenofluorophosphinates <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> in almost quantitative yields. Treating <b>1</b> with equimolar amounts of tetraphenylphosphonium chloride or 1,3-dimesityl-<i>1H</i>-imidazol-3-ium chloride in THF at room temperature afforded the corresponding organic adducts <b>3</b> and <b>4</b> in 90% and 87% yields. Reaction of <b>1</b> with mono- and dihalogenated alkanes gave a series of esters of phenylphosphonofluoridodiselenoates <b>5–8</b> and <b>9</b> in 79–93% yields. Two representative crystal structures are reported

[Pd(IPr*)(acac)Cl]: An Easily Synthesized, Bulky Precatalyst for C–N Bond Formation

A very straightforward synthesis of [Pd­(IPr*)­(acac)­Cl] has been developed from commercially available Pd­(acac)₂ and the easily prepared IPr*·HCl (acac = acetylacetonate; IPr* = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-bis­(2,6-bis­(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)­imidazol-2-ylidene). The reactivity of the resulting complex [Pd­(IPr*)­(acac)­Cl] (<b>1</b>) as a highly active Pd^II precatalyst for the Buchwald–Hartwig arylamination coupling has been explored. A wide range of substrates with varying electronic and steric demands of both coupling partners has been screened successfully. The chemoselectivity of the reaction was also explored by using aryl heterodihalides

Fluorinated Phosphorus–Selenium Heteroatom Compounds: Phenylphosphonofluorodiselenoic Salts, Adducts, and Esters

2,4-Bis­(phenyl)-1,3-diselenadiphosphetane-2,4-diselenide, [PhP­(Se)­(μ-Se)]₂, Woollins’ reagent (<b>WR</b>), reacts with dry KF or tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) at room temperature generating the corresponding potassium and tetrabutylammonium phenyldiselenofluorophosphinates <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> in almost quantitative yields. Treating <b>1</b> with equimolar amounts of tetraphenylphosphonium chloride or 1,3-dimesityl-<i>1H</i>-imidazol-3-ium chloride in THF at room temperature afforded the corresponding organic adducts <b>3</b> and <b>4</b> in 90% and 87% yields. Reaction of <b>1</b> with mono- and dihalogenated alkanes gave a series of esters of phenylphosphonofluoridodiselenoates <b>5–8</b> and <b>9</b> in 79–93% yields. Two representative crystal structures are reported

2,4-Diaryl-1,3-Chalcogen Azoles Bearing Pentafluorosulfanyl SF₅ Groups: A Synthetic and Structural Study

A series of new 2,4-diaryl-1,3-chalcogen azoles having penta­fluoro­sulfanyl SF₅ functional groups has been prepared by means of the two-component cyclization of the selenoamide or thioamide with α-bromoketones. The selenoamides or thioamides were obtained from the reaction of Woollins’ reagent or Lawesson’s reagent with 4-penta­fluoro­sulfanyl­benzonitrile, followed by hydrolysis with water. All new compounds were characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, ⁷⁷Se, ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy, and accurate mass measurement. X-ray crystal structure analysis of the selenoamide, thioamide, and 2,4-diaryl­penta­fluoro­sulfanyl-1,3-chalcogen azoles reveal that the selenoamide and thioamide have very similar structural features along with similar intermolecular interactions such as the π–π stacking and the weak N–H···E (E = S or Se) hydrogen bonding. The 2,4-diaryl­penta­fluoro­sulfanyl-1,3-chalcogen azoles show the newly formed five-membered N(1)–C(2)-E(3)-C(4)–C(5) ring is either perfectly planar (and coplanar with two peripheral aryl ring planes) or near-planar. The π–π intermolecular interactions and the weak C–H···π and C–H···X (X = Br, F, O) hydrogen bonding are discussed in the cases of 2,4-diaryl­penta­fluoro­sulfanyl-1,3-chalcogen azoles

<i>peri</i>-Substituted Phosphino-Phosphonium Salts: Synthesis and Reactivity

The clean reaction of 5-lithio-6-(diisopropylphosphino)­acenaphthene with dichlorophosphines RPCl₂ gives the <i>peri</i>-substituted phosphino-phosphonium salts [Acenap­(P<i>i</i>Pr₂)­(PR)]⁺Cl^– (<b>2</b>, R = Ph; <b>3</b>, R = Fc; <b>4</b>, R = NMe₂; <b>5</b>, R = <i>i</i>Pr; Acenap = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl). Their ionic structure is maintained in solution and in the solid state. The reduction of <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> with LiAlH₄ led to the formation of mixed tertiary/secondary chelating bis­(phosphines) Acenap­(P<i>i</i>Pr₂)­(PRH) (<b>6</b> and <b>7</b>), which were subsequently reacted with PtCl₂(cod) to give the complexes [(<b>6</b>)/(<b>7</b>)­PtCl₂] (<b>8</b> and <b>9</b>). Reaction of <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> with a large excess of MeOTf at elevated temperature gave the chiral 1,2-diphosphoniums [Acenap­(P<i>i</i>Pr₂)­(PRMe)]²⁺([TfO]⁻)₂ (<b>10</b> and <b>11</b>), which were reduced with LiAlH₄ to the heteroleptic bis­(phosphines) Acenap­(P<i>i</i>Pr₂)­(PRMe) (<b>12</b> and <b>13</b>); these were then reacted with [(nor)­Mo­(CO)₄] to give the complexes [(<b>12</b>)/(<b>13</b>)­Mo­(CO)₄] (<b>14</b> and <b>15</b>). The heteroleptic bis­(phosphines) <b>6</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>13</b> display large through-space couplings (formally ⁴<i>J</i>_PP = 163–199 Hz), comparable in magnitude to ¹<i>J</i>_PP couplings observed in phosphino-phosphonium salts <b>2</b>–<b>5</b> (303–412 Hz). Single-crystal X-ray structures of <b>2</b>, <b>3</b>, <b>7</b>–<b>9</b>, <b>14</b>, and <b>15</b> are reported