Stability of hydroalcoholic extracts of two species of guaco; Mikania glomerata SPRENG. and Mikania laevigata SCHULTZ. (Asteraceae), by UHPLC-MS

It is important to study the stability of plant extracts used as active ingredients in phytotherapic medicine, as degradation of the active principles directly affects the efficacy and safety of these products. Therefore, a stability study of the hydroalcoholic extract of the species: Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata was conducted in order to determine the speed of degradation and shelf life of these extracts, which are incorporated in cough syrup in Brazil. Leaves of both species were dried in an oven or by lyophilization (freeze-dried). Hydroalcoholic extracts underwent both accelerated stability study of six months and long-term stability study for 12 months. Samples were stored at different temperatures and every three months were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to monitor their chemical profile, quantifying coumarin and chlorogenic acid. For all conditions of the study, a reduction of the content of the chemical marker of this species, coumarin, greater than 5% was observed, so a shelf life of two years cannot be assigned to the hydroalcoholic extracts of these species as observed in commercial extracts

Implantation and Implementation of Living Pharmacies-Therapeutic Gardens in Primary Health Care Services in the city of Campinas-SP

Em 2015 foi criado o Grupo de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos, do Laboratório de Práticas Alternativas, Complementares e Integrativas em Saúde (LAPACIS), do Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas/ Unicamp, que está desenvolvendo o projeto Implantação e Implementação da Farmácia Viva na Rede Municipal de Saúde de Campinas/SP em parceria com a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS). O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência do Grupo de Fitoterapia e Plantas Medicinais do LAPACIS/UNICAMP, evidenciando sua contribuição para a implantação de Farmácias Vivas (FV) em Campinas. A partir de 2017 foram realizadas visitas técnicas e capacitações em plantas medicinais em 18 centros de saúde (CS) que viabilizou em 2018 a escrita da Cartilha de Plantas Medicinais – SUS Campinas/ SP. Em 2019 o projeto recebeu um prêmio de Menção Honrosa e de Melhor Trabalho do Sudeste, o que permitiu a continuidade do projeto e a inclusão de mais 23 CS no projeto. Em 2021 foi realizado um diagnóstico que evidenciou a importância das FV para a promoção da saúde, e no cuidado da saúde mental de trabalhadores de saúde e usuários dos serviços. Foi observado também que durante a pandemia, muitas FV deixaram de existir, devido à alocação dos trabalhadores para ações associadas à COVID-19. Observamos ainda que o cuidar das plantas promoveu um resgate da relação com a natureza, e dos saberes populares e tradicionais. Porém temos algumas fronteiras a serem ultrapassadas como apoio dos gestores distritais, e a sensibilização dos coordenadores e das equipes dos CS.In 2015, the Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines Group was created, from the Laboratory of Alternative, Complementary and Integrative Health Practices (LAPACIS), from the Department of Collective Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences/ Unicamp, which is developing the project: Implantation and Implementation of a Living Pharmacy in the Municipal Health Network of Campinas/SP, in partnership with the Municipal Health Secretariat (SMS). The objective of this article is to report the experience of the Phytotherapy and Medicinal Plants Group of LAPACIS/UNICAMP, highlighting its contribution to the implementation of Living Pharmacies (LF) in Campinas. As of 2017,technical visits and training on medicinal plants were carried out in 18 health centers, which made it possible in 2018 to write the Medicinal Plant Booklet – SUS Campinas/SP. In 2019, the project received an Honorable Mention and Best Work from the Southeast award, which allowed the continuity of the project and the inclusion of another 23 health centers in the project. In 2021, a diagnosis was carried out that showed the importance of LF for health promotion, and in the mental health care of health workers and service users. It was also observed that during the pandemic, many LF ceased to exist, due to the allocation of workers to actions associated with COVID-19. We also observed that taking care of plants promoted a recovery of the relationship with nature, and of popular and traditional knowledge. However, we have some frontiers to be crossed with the support of district managers, and the awareness of coordinators and health center teams

A comparison between characterization and biological properties of brazilian fresh and aged propolis

As propolis is a highly valued bee product, we aimed to verify the quality of aged propolis, investigating their phenolic and flavonoid composition, levels of toxic metals, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities. Samples of fresh and aged propolis of six different beekeepers, from the same geographical location, were investigated in terms of their phenolic and flavonoid composition and levels of Pb, Cd, and Cr, as well as radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities. The two groups of propolis had similar qualitative composition by HPLC-PDA and ESI(-)-MS. Fresh propolis and aged propolis show no differences when average values of extraction yield, flavonoids, EC50, or MIC were compared and both types of propolis showed good antimicrobial activity at low concentrations. Only levels of phenolic compounds were higher in fresh propolis. The propolis samples considered in this study, aged or fresh, had similar qualitative composition, although they were collected in different periods. Samples only differed in their levels of total phenolic content. Moreover, aged propolis conserves significant radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties. We suggest that aged propolis should not be discarded but explored for alternative applications.As propolis is a highly valued bee product, we aimed to verify the quality of aged propolis, investigating their phenolic and flavonoid composition, levels of toxic metals, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities. Material and Methods. Samples of2014FINEP - FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFA - FUNDAÇÃO ARAUCÁRIA DE APOIO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓsem informaçãosem informaçãosem informação10908/PPP/2006sem informaçãoThe study had financial support by Financiadora de Estudos e projetos (FINEP), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Fundação Araucária (10908/PPP/2006), and P

Analytical methods applied to diverse types of Brazilian propolis

Propolis is a bee product, composed mainly of plant resins and beeswax, therefore its chemical composition varies due to the geographic and plant origins of these resins, as well as the species of bee. Brazil is an important supplier of propolis on the world market and, although green colored propolis from the southeast is the most known and studied, several other types of propolis from Apis mellifera and native stingless bees (also called cerumen) can be found. Propolis is usually consumed as an extract, so the type of solvent and extractive procedures employed further affect its composition. Methods used for the extraction; analysis the percentage of resins, wax and insoluble material in crude propolis; determination of phenolic, flavonoid, amino acid and heavy metal contents are reviewed herein. Different chromatographic methods applied to the separation, identification and quantification of Brazilian propolis components and their relative strengths are discussed; as well as direct insertion mass spectrometry fingerprinting

Antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extracts of peel, pulp and seeds of exotic Brazilian fruits Antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and cytotoxic activities in fruits

Ethanol extracts of powdered genipap (Genipa americana L), umbu (Spondia tuberosa A.) and siriguela (Spondia purpurea L) prepared from separate pulp, seeds and peel were investigated for their (i) antioxidant capacity, which was evaluated by various known methods; (ii) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity; and (iii) cytotoxic effect on corneal epithelial cells of sheep. the highest values of total phenolic content were obtained with peel and seed extracts. Siriguela and umbu (seeds and peel) extracts displayed the highest antioxidant activities. Lipid peroxidation assays using mimetic biomembranes and mouse liver homogenates indicated that genipap pulp is a promising antioxidant. the investigation of phenols and organic acid contents revealed the presence of quercetin, citric and quinic acids, chlorogenic acid derivatives, among others, in several extracts, with the highest amount found in siriguela seeds. Genipap pulp and siriguela seed ethanol extracts presented an AChE inhibition zone similar to that of the positive control, carbachol. AChE inhibition assay with chlorogenic acid, one of the main constituents of siriguela seeds, revealed that this acid showed activity similar to that of the control physostigmine. These data suggest that these extracts are potentially important antioxidant supplements for the everyday human diet, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)INCT-RedoxomaINCT-BioanaliticaUniv Fed Alagoas, Inst Quim & Biotecnol, BR-57072970 Maceio, AL, BrazilUniv Pernambuco, BR-56300000 Petrolina, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Alagoas, Rede Nordeste Biotecnol RENORBIO, BR-57072970 Maceio, AL, BrazilUniv Fed Alagoas, Inst Ciencias Biol & Saude, BR-57072970 Maceio, AL, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, BR-05508000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim & Farmaceut, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Vegetal, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Dept Quim Organ & Inorgan, BR-60021970 Fortaleza, CE, BrazilEmbrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Tabuleiro Martins, BR-57061970 Maceio, AL, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim & Farmaceut, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2008/58035-6Web of Scienc

In vivo antitumoural activity and composition of an oil extract of Brazilian propolis

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate in vivo and in vitro the antitumoural activity of a propolis extract obtained with edible vegetable oil and its fractions and also to investigate its chemical composition by LC–MS and LC–MS/MS. To evaluate the toxicological aspects related to the propolis extract treatment, hematological, biochemical, histopathological and morphological analyses of treated animals were performed. All propolis extracts showed an in vivo antitumour activity in the experimental model with a moderate toxicity effect at experimental exposure levels. The oil extract was as effective as the ethanolic extract at inhibiting tumour growth. In vitro assays showed that the whole oil extract produced better inhibition of tumour cells than its fractions. LC–MS and LC–MS/MS identified four phenolic acids and three flavonoids. The anticancer potential of the oil extract of propolis has been demonstrated and the edible vegetable oil was shown as an attractive alternative solvent to extract bioactive natural propolis components

Analysis of the chemical composition of Brazilian propolis by mass epectrometry

Orientadores: Marcos Nogueira Eberlin, Maria Cristina Marcucci RibeiroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de QuimicaResumo: A própolis é uma resina obtida de plantas que as abelhas utilizam, acrescida de cera, para proteger sua colméia contra a entrada de correntes de ar, de predadores e de microrganismos. A composição química e fontes vegetais de própolis obtida das abelhas Apis mellifera de regiões de clima temperado como Europa e América do Norte, já foi estudada, constando da literatura pesquisada. Com o objetivo de determinar a composição química e fontes vegetais de própolis brasileira, foram feitos vários estudos, utilizando a espectrometria de massas com ionização por eletrospray (ESI-MS). Inicialmente, extratos etanólicos de própolis (EEP) de Apis mellifera do sul, sudeste e nordeste do Brasil, bem como EEP provenientes da Bulgária, Inglaterra, Finlândia, América do Norte e Moçambique, foram analisados diretamente por ESI-MS e seus espectros comparados por quimiometria. A seguir, EEP de A. mellifera do sul e sudeste do Brasil foram analisados por ESI-MS e comparados com extratos de plantas sugeridas como fontes vegetais de própolis destas regiões. Cromatografia liquida foi acoplada a espectrometria de massas para isolar e identificar compostos encontrados nos EEP e nos extratos de plantas. Em outro estudo, amostras de um tipo de própolis de A mellifera do nordeste brasileiro foram analisadas, permitindo identificar uma fonte vegetal e alguns compostos com atividade antioxidante. Dois estudos foram realizados com própolis de abelhas nativas. Inicialmente, EEP da abelha nativa brasileira (Tetragonisca angustula) provenientes do sul, sudeste e nordeste do Brasil foram comparados entre si, com EEP de A. mellifera destas regiões e com extratos de plantas visitadas por T. angustula, permitindo a identificação da fonte vegetal desta própolis. Depois, EEP de diversas espécies de abelhas nativas sem ferrão de cinco regiões do Brasil foram comparadas entre si e com extratos de plantas e EEP de A. mellifera das mesmas regiões, determinando padrões na composição de própolis de abelhas nativas. Os resultados obtidos contribuíram para um melhor conhecimento da variável composição química de própolis brasileira e de suas fontes vegetaisAbstract: Propolis is a resin, collected from plants, which bees mix with wax and use to protect their hives against air currents, predators and microorganisms. The chemical composition and plant origins of propolis obtained from Apis mellifera bees from temperate regions such as Europe and North America, have already been studied and can be found in literature. With the objective of determining the chemical composition and plant origins of Brazilian propolis, several studies were carried out, using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Initially, ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) of Apis mellifera bees from the south, southeast and northeast of Brazil, as well as EEP from Bulgaria, England, Finland, North America and Mozambique, were analyzed by direct insertion ESI-MS and the results analyzed by chemometric analysis. Next, EEP from A. mellifera from the south and southeast of Brazil were analyzed by ESI-MS and their MS fingerprints compared to those of extracts of plants that were previously indicated as plant sources of propolis from those regions. Liquid chromatography was used in-line with mass spectrometry to isolate and identify components of the EEP and plant extracts. In another study, samples of one type of A mellifera propolis from the northeast of Brazil were analyzed, identifying their main plant source and some compounds with antioxidant activity. Two studies were carried out with propolis from native Brazilian stingless bees. Initially EEP of the native bee (Tetragonisca angustula) from the south, southeast and northeast of Brazil were compared with each other, with EEP of A. mellifera from the same regions and with extracts of plants visited by T. angustula, allowing us to identify the main plant source of this type of propolis. Next, EEP of several species of native stingless bees from five regions in Brazil were also compared with plant extracts and EEP of A. mellifera from the same regions, identifying patterns in the composition of propolis from native Brazilian stingless bees. The results obtained contributed to a grater understanding of the variable composition of Brazilian propolis and its plant sourcesDoutoradoQuimica AnaliticaDoutor em Ciência

Influence of environmental factors on the volatile composition of two brazilian medicinal plants: mikania laevigata and mikania glomerata

Mikania laevigata Sch.Bip. ex Baker and Mikania glomerata Spreng. are medicinal plants popularly known as guaco, used for inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system, included in pharmaceutical formularies and often used without distinction. However, several studies show that the chemical composition varies between these species, as well as in plants are subjected to different environmental stresses. Few studies have been carried out with the volatile compounds of guaco, even less about the changes in volatile composition due to abiotic variation.The aim of this work was to evaluate how volatile compounds vary according to the seasons and at different times of the day and if these compounds are influenced by the variations in the growth conditions such as: temperature, luminosity and water. The headspace volatiles of the leaves were sampled by solid phase micro extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of the resulting chromatograms and chemometrics was applied. The chemical profile of the volatiles of M. laevigata and M. glomerata were different; being clearly separated in the exploratory grouping analyzes (PCA), followed by analysis of variance of the marker compounds of both species. Only M. laevigata contained coumarin, considered to be the chemical marker of both species and to be responsible for the therapeutic activities. There was no significant difference between the morning and afternoon collections of either species. Coumarin, -pinene and bicyclogermacrene were more intense in the volatiles of M. laevigata throughout the year and responsible for grouping the samples of this species. For M. glomerata, hexanal and 2-hexenal were responsible for grouping the samples and were more intense in all months. The growth conditions tested affected the intensity of specific compounds in the chromatograms. Some compounds were less intense with the increase of the temperature and in the plants subjected to full sunlight. However, certain volatile compoundssuch as pineneswere more intense in plants suffering drought. The variation in composition between species of guaco was greater than those observed in the seasonal and cultivation studies, indicating that these species cannot be used indistinctly.15CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal e Nível SuperiorCNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoSem informaçãoSem informaçã

Identification of anthocyanins in the corona of two species of passiflora and their hybrid by ultra-high performance chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS)

Plants belonging to the genus Passiflora produce exuberant flowers with characteristic corona filaments that vary widely in size, morphology and color. This variability is thought to be an adaptation to different animal pollinators. In general, Passiflora flowers are pollinated by bees, hummingbirds and bats. The aim of this study was to identify the anthocyanins present in the corona filaments of two wild parent species, P. incarnate and P. coccinea, that are pollinated by bees and hummingbirds, respectively, and their artificial commercial hybrid P. 'Lady Margaret'. The anthocyanin profiles of the corona filaments were characterized by ultra-high performance chromatography with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Monoglucosides of two anthocyanidins (cyanidin and pelargonidin) were found in P. coccinea corona filaments, whereas diglucosides of four anthocyanidins (cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin) were identified in P. incarnate corona. The P. 'Lady Margaret' hybrid contained both mono and diglucosides of the anthocyanidins identified in the parent species and also novel anthocyanin molecules not found in the parents. The use of UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS was an efficient method to identify the anthocyanins present in the corona of Passiflora species. P. incarnate acquired its red flowers by suppression of the delphinidin pathway. The wide variety of anthocyanins found in the corona filaments of the P. 'Lady Margaret' interspecific hybrid indicated that it inherited the anthocyanidin pathways as well as the glycosylation pattern of both parent species856067CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal e Nível SuperiorCNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São PauloSem informaçãoSem informação2015/18900; 2018/21469-

Simultaneous UHPLC-MS Quantification of Catechins and Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling for Proof-of-Concept Authenticity Determination of <i>Maytenus</i> ssp. Samples

Due to the widespread use of Maytenus ilicifolia leaves in the treatment of gastric ulcers, herbal medicines derived from such species are distributed by the national health system in Brazil. A related species, Maytenus aquifolium, is also used for the same disorders, and both are popularly known as Espinheira-santa. Due to their popular use, the quality and efficiency of the herbal medicines derived from these species is an important public health issue. The purpose of this study was to develop and test an analytical method that could quantify the content of catechin and epicatechin in dry Maytenus spp. leaves and simultaneously obtain their chemical profile to determine authenticity of the leaf samples. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was used to quantify these isomers, in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, while simultaneously analyzing the extract in full-scan mode. This approach was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial and authentic samples of Maytenus spp. Fewer than half the samples presented the minimum epicatechin content of 2.8 mg per g of dry leaf mass, as specified in the 6th Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (2019) for M. ilicifolia. Furthermore, by using untargeted metabolomics, it was observed that the chemical profile of most the samples was not compatible with M. ilicifolia leaves, indicating the need for stricter quality control of this material. The method described herein could be used for this control; moreover, its concept could be adapted and used for an ample variety of medicinal plant products