The concept of implementing distributed registry technology in the activities of wholesale distribution centers

The paper considers the conceptual aspects of the application of distributed ledger technology elements (blockchain) and their derivative smart contract for the construction of automated transactions on the example of individual business tasks of large wholesale distribution centers. In the course of the study, the elements and properties of the smart contract characteristic of the subject area under study were determined, as well as the conditions, types of business operations and the corresponding data allowing them to consider the business object state with its subsequent implementation in the smart contract transaction

Crystal Structure Analysis Reveals Functional Flexibility in the Selenocysteine-Specific tRNA from Mouse

Selenocysteine tRNAs (tRNA(Sec)) exhibit a number of unique identity elements that are recognized specifically by proteins of the selenocysteine biosynthetic pathways and decoding machineries. Presently, these identity elements and the mechanisms by which they are interpreted by tRNA(Sec)-interacting factors are incompletely understood.We applied rational mutagenesis to obtain well diffracting crystals of murine tRNA(Sec). tRNA(Sec) lacking the single-stranded 3'-acceptor end ((ΔGCCA)RNA(Sec)) yielded a crystal structure at 2.0 Å resolution. The global structure of (ΔGCCA)RNA(Sec) resembles the structure of human tRNA(Sec) determined at 3.1 Å resolution. Structural comparisons revealed flexible regions in tRNA(Sec) used for induced fit binding to selenophosphate synthetase. Water molecules located in the present structure were involved in the stabilization of two alternative conformations of the anticodon stem-loop. Modeling of a 2'-O-methylated ribose at position U34 of the anticodon loop as found in a sub-population of tRNA(Sec)in vivo showed how this modification favors an anticodon loop conformation that is functional during decoding on the ribosome. Soaking of crystals in Mn(2+)-containing buffer revealed eight potential divalent metal ion binding sites but the located metal ions did not significantly stabilize specific structural features of tRNA(Sec).We provide the most highly resolved structure of a tRNA(Sec) molecule to date and assessed the influence of water molecules and metal ions on the molecule's conformation and dynamics. Our results suggest how conformational changes of tRNA(Sec) support its interaction with proteins

Methods of optimizing the phosphate regime of drained peat soils in the northern trans-Urals

The paper presents the results of long-term research to determine the content of phosphorus in drained peat soils and the influence of agro-meliorative techniques on its dynamics. The objects of research were medium-power peat soils on the typical genesis for subtaiga (Yernyakul bog located on the watershed of Tobol and Vagai rivers; Usalskoe bog – on the second floodplain terrace of Tobol river) and forest steppe (Tarmanskoe bog, Reshetnikovo object located on the second floodplain terrace of Tura river) of Northern Trans-Ural region. It has been revealed that the gross phosphorus content in drained peat soils is 0.1–0.3 %. The main part (83.8–95.2 %) of phosphorus in peat soil is in the form of organic compounds. The ratio of mobile phosphorus to its gross content corresponds to 4.8–16.2 %. The mobility of phosphorus during the 40-summer period increases insignificantly and only in the arable layer. The increase in the content of phosphorus is achieved by the use of phosphorus fertilizers and, to a lesser extent, the strengthening of the processes of mineralization of peat. Poor mobility and good availability of phosphorus plants on peat soils allows to put it in stock for 5 years

Composition of organic matter in peat soils of the northern trans-Urals depending on groundwater level

The paper presents the results of lysometric studies of the composition of organic matter of peat soils depending on the level of groundwater occurrence. It is established that the amount of bitumen in the arable layer (0.2 m) of medium-power peat soil at 0.5 m ground water level (UGV) is less by 1.65 % than at the depth of 1.0 m and by 4.34 % at 1.5 m. There is no specific dependence on the UHW downstream of the soil profile. The increase of groundwater depth from 0.5 to 1.5 m reduces the amount of water-soluble and easily hydrolyzed substances in the arable layer at 100 °C from 5.68 to 4.48 %. At the groundwater level of 0.5 m, the maximum presence (34.25 %) of substances hydrolysable by 2 % HCl was determined, which is 3.4–3.8 % higher than at 1–1.5 m. The maximum amount of humic acids in peat soil (32.05 %) is set at 0.5 m CKD. In the arable layer, the excess is 4.5 % in comparison with one and a half meters of groundwater. The amount of fulvic acids practically does not depend on the groundwater table and is within the range of 17.7–17.9 %. With the same botanical composition of peat, the increase in the depth of groundwater occurrence from 0.5 to 1.5 m reduces the content of hard-tohydrolyze 80 % of H2SO4 substances in the arable layer from 2.82 to 2.31 %. The number of compounds difficult to hydrolyze with acid is represented by 46–52 % cellulose and does not depend on the level of groundwater. The presence of lignin in peat is several times higher than the cellulose content. There is a dependence of decrease in the lignin content at increase in depth of occurrence of ground waters from 0.5 m (6.63 %) to 1.5 m (5.23 %)

The concept of implementing distributed registry technology in the activities of wholesale distribution centers

The paper considers the conceptual aspects of the application of distributed ledger technology elements (blockchain) and their derivative smart contract for the construction of automated transactions on the example of individual business tasks of large wholesale distribution centers. In the course of the study, the elements and properties of the smart contract characteristic of the subject area under study were determined, as well as the conditions, types of business operations and the corresponding data allowing them to consider the business object state with its subsequent implementation in the smart contract transaction

Next‐Generation Sequencing‐Based RiboMethSeq Protocol for Analysis of tRNA 2′‐O‐Methylation

International audienceAnalysis of RNA modifications by traditional physico-chemical approaches is labor intensive, requires substantial amounts of input material and only allows site-by-site measurements. The recent development of qualitative and quantitative approaches based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) opens new perspectives for the analysis of various cellular RNA species. The Illumina sequencing-based RiboMethSeq protocol was initially developed and successfully applied for mapping of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 2-O-methylations. This method also gives excellent results in the quantitative analysis of rRNA modifications in different species and under varying growth conditions. However, until now, RiboMethSeq was only employed for rRNA, and the whole sequencing and analysis pipeline was only adapted to this long and rather conserved RNA species. A deep understanding of RNA modification functions requires large and global analysis datasets for other important RNA species, namely for transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which are well known to contain a great variety of functionally-important modified residues. Here, we evaluated the application of the RiboMethSeq protocol for the analysis of tRNA 2-O-methylation in Escherichia coli and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After a careful optimization of the bioinformatic pipeline, RiboMethSeq proved to be suitable for relative quantification of methylation rates for known modified positions in different tRNA species

Double methylation of tRNA-U54 to 2′-O-methylthymidine (Tm) synergistically decreases immune response by Toll-like receptor 7

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