7,992 research outputs found
Author as Character and Narrator: Deconstructing Personal Narratives from the r/AmITheAsshole Reddit Community
In the r/AmITheAsshole subreddit, people anonymously share first person
narratives that contain some moral dilemma or conflict and ask the community to
judge who is at fault (i.e., who is "the asshole"). In general, first person
narratives are a unique storytelling domain where the author is the narrator
(the person telling the story) but can also be a character (the person living
the story) and, thus, the author has two distinct voices presented in the
story. In this study, we identify linguistic and narrative features associated
with the author as the character or as a narrator. We use these features to
answer the following questions: (1) what makes an asshole character and (2)
what makes an asshole narrator? We extract both Author-as-Character features
(e.g., demographics, narrative event chain, and emotional arc) and
Author-as-Narrator features (i.e., the style and emotion of the story as a
whole) in order to identify which aspects of the narrative are correlated with
the final moral judgment. Our work shows that "assholes" as Characters frame
themselves as lacking agency with a more positive personal arc, while
"assholes" as Narrators will tell emotional and opinionated stories.Comment: Accepted to the 17th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social
Media (ICWSM), 202
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The Evolution of Homophily
Biologists have devoted much attention to assortative mating or homogamy, the tendency for sexual species to mate with similar others. In contrast, there has been little theoretical work on the broader phenomenon of homophily, the tendency for individuals to interact with similar others. Yet this behaviour is also widely observed in nature. Here, we model how natural selection can give rise to homophily when individuals engage in social interaction in a population with multiple observable phenotypes. Payoffs to interactions depend on whether or not individuals have the same or different phenotypes, and each individual has a preference that determines how likely they are to interact with others of their own phenotype (homophily) or of opposite phenotypes (heterophily). The results show that homophily tends to evolve under a wide variety of conditions, helping to explain its ubiquity in nature.MathematicsOrganismic and Evolutionary BiologySociolog
Survey and alignment of the synchrotron SIS18
Mesenteric fat belongs to visceral fat. An increased deposition of mesenteric fat contributes to obesity associated complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We have investigated the therapeutic effects of bardoxolone methyl (BARD) on mesenteric adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J mice were administered oral BARD during HFD feeding (HFD/BARD), only fed a high-fat diet (HFD), or fed low-fat diet (LFD) for 21 weeks. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to analyse mesenteric morphology and macrophages, while Western blot was used to assess the expression of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and energy expenditure proteins. Supplementation of drinking water with BARD prevented mesenteric fat deposition, as determined by a reduction in large adipocytes. BARD prevented inflammation as there were fewer inflammatory macrophages and reduced proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha). BARD reduced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt, suggesting an antioxidative stress effect. BARD upregulates energy expenditure proteins, judged by the increased activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) proteins. Overall, BARD induces preventive effect in HFD mice through regulation of mesenteric adipose tissue
Bardoxolone methyl prevents the development and progression of cardiac and renal pathophysiologies in mice fed a high-fat diet
Obesity caused by the consumption of a high-fat (HF) diet is a major risk factor for the development of associated complications, such as heart and kidney failure. A semi-synthetic triterpenoid, bardoxolone methyl (BM) was administrated to mice fed a HF diet for 21 weeks to determine if it would prevent the development of obesity-associated cardiac and renal pathophysiologies. Twelve week old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a lab chow (LC), HF (40% fat), or a HF diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg/day BM in drinking water. After 21 weeks, the left ventricles of hearts and cortex of kidneys of mice were collected for analysis. Histological analysis revealed that BM prevented HF diet-induced development of structural changes in the heart and kidneys. BM prevented HF diet-induced decreases in myocyte number in cardiac tissue, although this treatment also elevated cardiac endothelin signalling molecules. In the kidneys, BM administration prevented HF diet-induced renal corpuscle hypertrophy and attenuated endothelin signalling. Furthermore, in both the hearts and kidneys of mice fed a HF diet, BM administration prevented HF diet-induced increases in fat accumulation, macrophage infiltration and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) gene expression. These findings suggest that BM prevents HF diet-induced developments of cardiac and renal pathophysiologies in mice fed a chronic HF diet by preventing inflammation. Moreover, these results suggest that BM has the potential as a therapeutic for preventing obesity-induced cardiac and renal pathophysiologies
UNIT project: Universe -body simulations for the Investigation of Theoretical models from galaxy surveys
We present the UNIT -body cosmological simulations project, designed to
provide precise predictions for nonlinear statistics of the galaxy
distribution. We focus on characterizing statistics relevant to emission line
and luminous red galaxies in the current and upcoming generation of galaxy
surveys. We use a suite of precise particle mesh simulations (FastPM) as well
as with full -body calculations with a mass resolution of M to investigate the recently suggested
technique of Angulo & Pontzen 2016 to suppress the variance of cosmological
simulations We study redshift space distortions, cosmic voids, higher order
statistics from down to . We find that both two- and three-point
statistics are unbiased. Over the scales of interest for baryon acoustic
oscillations and redshift-space distortions, we find that the variance is
greatly reduced in the two-point statistics and in the cross correlation
between halos and cosmic voids, but is not reduced significantly for the
three-point statistics. We demonstrate that the accuracy of the two-point
correlation function for a galaxy survey with effective volume of 20
(Gpc) is improved by about a factor of 40, indicating that two
pairs of simulations with a volume of 1 (Gpc) lead to the
equivalent variance of 150 such simulations. The -body simulations
presented here thus provide an effective survey volume of about seven times the
effective survey volume of DESI or Euclid. The data from this project,
including dark matter fields, halo catalogues, and their clustering statistics,
are publicly available at http://www.unitsims.org.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures. This version matches the one accepted by MNRAS.
The data from this project are publicly available at: http://www.unitsims.or
Elasticity of Gaussian and nearly-Gaussian phantom networks
We study the elastic properties of phantom networks of Gaussian and
nearly-Gaussian springs. We show that the stress tensor of a Gaussian network
coincides with the conductivity tensor of an equivalent resistor network, while
its elastic constants vanish. We use a perturbation theory to analyze the
elastic behavior of networks of slightly non-Gaussian springs. We show that the
elastic constants of phantom percolation networks of nearly-Gaussian springs
have a power low dependence on the distance of the system from the percolation
threshold, and derive bounds on the exponents.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. E, 10 pages, 1 figur
Anderson transition of three dimensional phonon modes
Anderson transition of the phonon modes is studied numerically. The critical
exponent for the divergence of the localization length is estimated using the
transfer matrix method, and the statistics of the modes is analyzed. The latter
is shown to be in excellent agreement with the energy level statistics of the
disrodered electron system belonging to the orthogonal universality class.Comment: 2 pages and another page for 3 figures, J. Phys. Soc. Japa
Linear Collider Capabilities for Supersymmetry in Dark Matter Allowed Regions of the mSUGRA Model
Recent comparisons of minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) model predictions with
WMAP measurements of the neutralino relic density point to preferred regions of
model parameter space. We investigate the reach of linear colliders (LC) with
and 1 TeV for SUSY in the framework of the mSUGRA model. We find
that LCs can cover the entire stau co-annihilation region provided \tan\beta
\alt 30. In the hyperbolic branch/focus point (HB/FP) region of parameter
space, specialized cuts are suggested to increase the reach in this important
``dark matter allowed'' area. In the case of the HB/FP region, the reach of a
LC extends well past the reach of the CERN LHC. We examine a case study in the
HB/FP region, and show that the MSSM parameters and can be
sufficiently well-measured to demonstrate that one would indeed be in the HB/FP
region, where the lightest chargino and neutralino have a substantial higgsino
component.Comment: 29 pages, 15 EPS figures; updated version slightly modified to
conform with published versio
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