Fundamentals of the constitutional system of Russia as the basis, the highest imperative for legal activities of local self-governments

The article discusses the mechanism for ensuring and supervising the legitimacy of local self-government activities. The legitimacy of municipalities is associated with strict compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the basis of which is the foundation for the constitutional system of Russia. Using the method of deduction and induction, the author delimits and demarcates the framework of legal legitimacy for the functioning of municipal authorities, fixes the markers of the formula of law enshrined in the Federal Law "On the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation": "The rule of law, unity, and strengthening of the rule of law", as well as the formula of law stated by Yu.A. Tikhomirov: "Goal - regulators - actions - results". The author argues that the current norms and provisions of the first Chapter of the Russian Constitution cannot be considered as sole objectives or declarative norms governing the organization and functioning of local selfgovernment. The article interprets the legal legitimacy of the local government activities as an activity within the constitutional and legal fields. The author examines the main legal problems in the activities of local governments. The materials of the article reveal the essence of such formulas of law as: "The rule of law, the unity, and strengthening of the rule of law" and "Goal - regulators - actions - results" as mechanisms for legal defectology

Quantum-inspired optimization for wavelength assignment

Problems related to wavelength assignment (WA) in optical communications networks involve allocating transmission wavelengths for known transmission paths between nodes that minimize a certain objective function, for example, the total number of wavelengths. Playing a central role in modern telecommunications, this problem belongs to NP-complete class for a general case so that obtaining optimal solutions for industry-relevant cases is exponentially hard. In this work, we propose and develop a quantum-inspired algorithm for solving the wavelength assignment problem. We propose an advanced embedding procedure to transform this problem into the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form, having a improvement in the number of iterations with price-to-pay being a slight increase in the number of variables (“spins”). Then, we compare a quantum-inspired technique for solving the corresponding QUBO form against classical heuristic and industrial combinatorial solvers. The obtained numerical results indicate on an advantage of the quantum-inspired approach in a substantial number of test cases against the industrial combinatorial solver that works in the standard setting. Our results pave the way to the use of quantum-inspired algorithms for practical problems in telecommunications and open a perspective for further analysis of the use of quantum computing devices

Unit for Measuring the Magnetic Characteristics of Thin Ferromagnetic Films

Studying the properties of ferromagnetic films helps in solving the fundamental problems of the physics of magnetic phenomena and in developing the theory of ferromagnetism. Modern software and hardware, along with reliable diagnostic methods are used to research and design thin-film devices. In this regard, the development of devices and methods for measuring the magnetic characteristics of thin ferromagnetic films is an essential task. The aim of the work is to develop an unit for local measurements of the magnetic characteristics of thin ferromagnetic films, which has the ability to change the degree of locality of measurements over a wide range and has high sensitivity at the same time. The article reviews a new unit for measuring the magnetic characteristics of thin ferromagnetic films. The unit allows measuring the value and direction of the anisotropy field on a local area of the film. A block diagram and description of a new unit, as well as methods of measurements are shown in the article. The experimentally obtained distribution of the anisotropy field over the area of the studied sample of Ni80Fe20 film is shown in this work. The experimental results confirm the compliance of the new unit with the declared characteristics. The unit can be used for non-destructive quality control and for measuring uniformity of thin ferromagnetic films magnetic characteristics

Insoluble Particles in the Snowpack of the Ob River Basin (Western Siberia) a 2800 km Submeridional Profile

Snowpack exhibits properties that make it a unique natural archive of airborne pollution. The data on insoluble particles in the Ob River catchment (Western Siberia) snowpack are limited. Insoluble particles in the snowpack of Western Siberia were studied at 36 sites on a 2800 km submeridional profile from the city of Barnaul to Salekhard in February 2020. Snow samples were collected over the full depth of the snow core, from the surface of the snow cover to the boundary with soil, except for the lower 1–2 cm. After the filtration of melted snow through a 0.45-µm membrane, the particle composition was studied using a scanning electron microscope with an energy microprobe. In the background areas, the concentration of insoluble particles in the snow was below 2 mg/L. Significantly higher particle concentrations were encountered near cities and hydrocarbon production areas. Particulate matter in snow mainly consists of biogenic and lithogenic particles mixed with anthropogenic particles (ash and black carbon aggregates). The proportion of anthropogenic particles increases near cities and areas of active hydrocarbon production

DataSheet1_Quantum-inspired optimization for wavelength assignment.PDF

Problems related to wavelength assignment (WA) in optical communications networks involve allocating transmission wavelengths for known transmission paths between nodes that minimize a certain objective function, for example, the total number of wavelengths. Playing a central role in modern telecommunications, this problem belongs to NP-complete class for a general case so that obtaining optimal solutions for industry-relevant cases is exponentially hard. In this work, we propose and develop a quantum-inspired algorithm for solving the wavelength assignment problem. We propose an advanced embedding procedure to transform this problem into the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form, having a improvement in the number of iterations with price-to-pay being a slight increase in the number of variables (“spins”). Then, we compare a quantum-inspired technique for solving the corresponding QUBO form against classical heuristic and industrial combinatorial solvers. The obtained numerical results indicate on an advantage of the quantum-inspired approach in a substantial number of test cases against the industrial combinatorial solver that works in the standard setting. Our results pave the way to the use of quantum-inspired algorithms for practical problems in telecommunications and open a perspective for further analysis of the use of quantum computing devices.</p

Indicators of nuclear technogenesis on the example of the territories adjacent to the former semipalatinsk test site

Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью выявления индикаторных свойств химического состава компонентов природной среды, локальных и региональных особенностей их состава с учетом природных и антропогенных факторов воздействия в целях проведения экологической оценки и районирования на территориях, испытывающих специфическое воздействие объектов ядерного техногенеза. Экологическое районирование исследуемых территорий ранее проводилось только с учетом дозовых нагрузок населения, полученного в результате деятельности бывшего Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. В этой связи необходимо изучение природной геохимической специфики, что позволило бы более точно подходить к вопросу экологической оценки изучаемых территорий с учетом комплексного воздействия природных и техногенных факторов. Цель: комплексное изучение элементного состава компонентов природной среды на территории, прилегающей к бывшему Семипалатинскому испытательному полигону. Объекты: компоненты природной среды (почва, солевые отложения питьевой воды, продукты питания, биологические объекты). Методы. Комплекс компонентов природной среды отбирался в жилых дворах – максимально сближено во времени и пространстве. Главным критерием при выборе исследуемых жилых дворов был факт проживания респондентов в них не менее 10 лет. После соответствующей подготовки образцы отобранных компонентов исследовались с помощью инструментального нейтронно-активационного анализа. Результаты. Показаны результаты комплексного изучения элементного состава компонентов природной среды (почва, солевые отложения питьевой воды), биологических объектов и продуктов питания на территориях, испытывающих воздействие бывшего Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. В исследуемых компонентах природной среды установлены элементы-индикаторы воздействия ядерного техногенеза, а также региональная специфика химического состава природной среды исследуемой территории в целом, проявляющаяся в накоплении U и Zn.The relevance of the research is determined by the need to identify the indicator properties of chemical composition of the natural environment components, local and regional characteristics of their composition, taking into account natural and anthropogenic factors of influence in order to conduct environmental assessment and areas subdivision effected by nuclear technogenesis. Environmental zoning of the study areas was carried out only taking into account the dose loads of the population obtained as a result of the activities of the former Semipalatinsk test site. In this regard, it is necessary to study the natural geochemical specifics, which would allow a more accurate approach to the issue of environmental assessment of the studied areas, taking into account the complex impact of natural and man-made factors The main aim of the research is the complex study of the elemental composition of the environment components in the territory adjacent to the former Semipalatinsk Test Site Object of the research is the components of the environment (soil, salt deposits of drinking water, plant), food, biological objects. Methods. Complex of environmental components was sampled in residential courtyards. The main criterion in selection of the investigated residential yards was the fact that the respondents lived there for at least 10 years. After appropriate preparation, the samples of the selected components were studied on instrumental neutron activation analysis The paper introduces the results of a comprehensive study of elemental compositions of the environment components (soil, salt deposits of drinking water, biological objects, food products) that are in contact with them in the zone of influence of the former Semipalatinsk Test Site. Elements-indicators of the nuclear technogenesis effects were identified in the studied environment samples as a regional specificity of the chemical composition of the studied territory shown in U and Zn accumulation