Synthesis of 1,4-Phenanthrenequinones via Stannic Chloride-Induced Cyclizations

Substituted 1,4-phenanthrenequinones such as 1 are useful building blocks for the preparation of novel materials. Katz and others have shown that compounds such as 1 can be transformed into helicenes by DielsAlder reactions.1 Certain 1,4-phenanthrenequinones also have potential as synthetic intermediates for natural products synthesis. Additionally, some naturally occurring 1,4-phenanthrenequinones such as cypripedium (2) are biologically active.2 Kraus and Carpenter have determined that some 1,4-phenanthrenequinones exhibit inhibitory activity in vitro against the equine infectious anemia virus.

Probing the origin of UX Ori-type variability in the YSO binary CO Ori with VLTI/GRAVITY

The primary star in the young stellar object (YSO) binary CO Ori displays UX Ori-type variability: irregular, high amplitude optical and near-infrared photometric fluctuations where flux minima coincide with polarization maxima. This is attributed to changes in local opacity. In CO Ori A, these variations exhibit a 12.4 yr cycle. Here, we investigate the physical origin of the fluctuating opacity and its periodicity using interferometric observations of CO Ori obtained using VLTI/GRAVITY. Continuum K-band circum-primary and circum-secondary emission are marginally spatially resolved for the first time while Br$\gamma$ emission is detected in the spectrum of the secondary. We estimate a spectral type range for CO Ori B of K2-K5 assuming visual extinction, $A_{\rm{V}}=2$ and a distance of 430 pc. From geometric modelling of the continuum visibilities, the circum-primary emission is consistent with a central point source plus a Gaussian component with a full-width-half-maximum of 2.31$\pm$0.04 milliarcseconds (mas), inclined at 30.2$\pm$2.2$^{\circ}$ and with a major axis position angle of 40$\pm$6$^{\circ}$. This inclination is lower than that reported for the discs of other UX Ori-type stars, providing a first indication that the UX Ori phenomena may arise through fluctuations in circumstellar material exterior to a disc, e.g. in a dusty outflow. An additional wide, symmetric Gaussian component is required to fit the visibilities of CO Ori B, signifying a contribution from scattered light. Finally, closure phases of CO Ori A were used to investigate whether the 12.4 yr periodicity is associated with an undetected third component, as has been previously suggested. We rule out any additional companions contributing more than 3.6% to the K-band flux within ~7.3-20 mas of CO Ori A.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Physical Conditions and Variability Processes in AGN Jets through Multi-Frequency Linear and Circular Radio Polarization Monitoring

Radio polarimetry is an invaluable tool to investigate the physical conditions and variability processes in active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets. However, detecting their linear and circular polarization properties is a challenging endeavor due to their low levels and possible depolarization effects. We have developed an end-to-end data analysis methodology to recover the polarization properties of unresolved sources with high accuracy. It has been applied to recover the linear and circular polarization of 87 AGNs measured by the F-GAMMA program from July 2010 to January 2015 with a mean cadence of 1.3 months. Their linear polarization was recovered at four frequencies between 2.64 and 10.45 GHz and the circular polarization at 4.85 and 8.35 GHz. The physical conditions required to reproduce the observed polarization properties and the processes which induce their variability were investigated with a full-Stokes radiative transfer code which emulates the synchrotron emission of modeled jets. The model was used to investigate the conditions needed to reproduce the observed polarization behavior for the blazar 3C 454.3, assuming that the observed variability is attributed to evolving internal shocks propagating downstream.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Optimal Design Of English Auctions With Discrete Bid Levels

This paper considers a form of ascending price English auction widely used in both live and online auctions. This discrete bid auction requires that the bidders submit bids at predetermined discrete bid levels, and thus, there exists a minimal increment by which the bid price may be raised. In contrast, the academic literature of optimal auction design deals almost solely with continuous bid auctions. As a result, there is little practical guidance as to how an auctioneer, seeking to maximize its revenue, should determine the number and value of these discrete bid levels, and it is this omission that is addressed here. To this end, a model of a discrete bid auction from the literature is considered, and an expression for the expected revenue of this auction is derived. This expression is used to determine both numerical and analytical solutions for the optimal bid levels, and uniform and exponential bidder’s valuation distributions are compared. Finally, the limiting case where the number of discrete bid levels is large is considered. An analytical expression for the distribution of the optimal discrete bid levels is derived, and an intuitive understanding of how this distribution maximizes the revenue of the auction is developed

Desenvolvimento de uma placa eletrônica do sistema mínimo da plataforma LAICAnSat

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Curso de Graduação em Engenharia de Controle e Automação, 2015.O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma placa eletrônica do sistema mínimo da plataforma LAICAnSat. O objetivo do trabalho é padronizar, implementar e desenvolver uma placa eletrônica que consiste no computador de bordo do projeto. Um dos requisitos dessa padronização foi a utilização do padrão de placa PC104 que se encaixa perfeitamente no padrão CubeSat. O sistema embarcado possui um receptor GPS, Xbee, sensor de temperatura, pressão, umidade e sensores de posicionamento. É apresentado um histórico das missões passadas e, em seguida, é apresentado as decisões tomadas em relação aos novos requisitos do projeto gerados pelos experimentos passados. É apresentado em detalhes o novo hardware do projeto junto com os testes feitos na placa. O resultado do estudo apresentou uma placa compatível com o objetivo do projeto.This work presents the development of an electronic board of the minimum LAICAnSat platform system. The objective is to standardize, deploy and develop an electronic board consisting of the project on-boad computer. One of the requirements of this standardization was using the PC104 board pattern that fits perfectly into the CubeSat standard. The embedded system has a GPS receiver, Xbee, temperature sensor, pressure, humidity and positioning sensors. A history of the past missions is displayed and then is presented the decisions taken in relation to the new project requirements generated by past experiments. It is presented in detail the new hardware design along with the tests done on the board. The study results showed a board compatible with the project objective

Breaking the Ring of Fire: How ridge collision, slab age, and convergence rate narrowed and terminated the Antarctic continental arc

The geometry of the Antarctic-Phoenix Plate system, with the Antarctic Plate forming both the overriding plate and the conjugate to the subducting oceanic plate, allows quantification of slab age and convergence rate back to the Paleocene and direct comparison with the associated magmatic arc. New Ar-Ar data from Cape Melville (South Shetland Islands, SSI) and collated geochronology shows Antarctic arc magmatism ceased at ∼19 Ma. Since the Cretaceous, the arc front remained ∼100 km from the trench whilst its rear migrated trenchward at 6 km/Myr. South of the SSI, arc magmatism ceased ∼8–5 Myr prior to each ridge-trench collision, whilst on the SSI (where no collision occurred) the end of arc magmatism predates the end of subduction by ∼16 Myr. Despite the narrowing and successive cessation of the arc, geochemical and dyke orientation data shows the arc remained in a consistently transitional state of compressional continental arc and extensional backarc tectonics. Numerically relating slab age, convergence rate, and slab dip to the Antarctic-Phoenix Plate system, we conclude that the narrowing of the arc and the cessation of magmatism south of the South Shetland Islands was primarily in response to the subduction of progressively younger oceanic crust, and secondarily to the decreasing convergence rate. Increased slab dip beneath the SSI migrated the final magmatism offshore. Comparable changes in the geometry and composition are observed on the Andean arc, suggesting slab age and convergence rate may affect magmatic arc geometry and composition in settings currently attributed to slab dip variation

Probing the Large Faraday Rotation Measure Environment of Compact Active Galactic Nuclei

Knowing how the ambient medium in the vicinity of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is shaped is crucial to understanding generally the evolution of such cosmic giants as well as AGN jet formation and launching. Thanks to the new broadband capability now available at the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA), we can study changes in polarization properties, fractional polarization, and polarization angles, together with the total intensity spectra of a sample of 14 AGNs, within a frequency range from 1 to 12 GHz. Depolarization modeling has been performed by means of so-called "qu-fitting" to the polarized data, and a synchrotron self absorption model has been used for fitting to the total intensity data. We found complex behavior both in the polarization spectra and in the total intensity spectra, and several Faraday components with a large rotation measure (RM) and several synchrotron components were needed to represent these spectra. Here, results for three targets are shown. This new method of analyzing broadband polarization data through qu-fitting successfully maps the complex surroundings of unresolved objects

Twist and Glide Symmetries for Helix Antenna Design and Miniaturization

Here we propose the use of twist and glide symmetries to increase the equivalent refractive index in a helical guiding structure. Twist- and glide-symmetrical distributions are created with corrugations placed at both sides of a helical strip. Combined twist-and glide-symmetrical helical unit cells are studied in terms of their constituent parameters. The increase of the propagation constant is mainly controlled by the length of the corrugations. In our proposed helix antenna, twist and glide symmetry cells are used to reduce significantly the operational frequency compared with conventional helix antenna. Equivalently, for a given frequency of operation, the dimensions of helix are reduced with the use of higher symmetries. The theoretical results obtained for our proposed helical structure based on higher symmetries show a reduction of 42.2% in the antenna size maintaining a similar antenna performance when compared to conventional helix antennas.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades with European Union FEDER funds, grant number TIN2016-75097-P, and by Universidad de Granada, under the project PPJI2017.15. Also, this work has been partially supported by the Universidad de Granada through the grant program “Becas de iniciación a la investigación” from Plan Propio de Investigación