ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO, FÍSICO-QUÍMICO, MICROBIANO E DE TOXICIDADE DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO DAS FOLHAS DE Mentha × piperita L. (Lamiaceae)

Conhecida popularmente como hortelã pimenta, a Mentha × piperita L. é utilizada popularmente no tratamento de desordens no estômago, dores nos músculos, dores de cabeça, resfriados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo o estudo fitoquímico, físico-químico, antimicrobiano e de toxicidade do extrato bruto hidro alcoólico das folhas da M. piperita. Na análise fitoquímica preliminar houve positividade para: saponinas espumídicas, ácidos orgânicos, açúcares redutores e esteroides e triterpenoides. Atividade bacteriana do extrato frente à Pseudomonas aeuroginosa foi efetiva tanto quanto ao antibiótico amoxicilina, utilizado como controle. Com Concentração Inibitória Mínima de 100 mg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus teve seu crescimento interferido e não inibido. O extrato apresentou frente a nauplios de A. salina a CL50 de 533,777 µg/mL, em um período de 24 horas, o que caracteriza baixa toxicidade em relação à A. salina. Por tratar-se de estudos preliminares, é necessário que mais testes sejam realizados com a capacidade de isolar os grupos orgânicos, com a finalidade de realizar novas descobertas e corroborar com o que está descrito em literatura

ESTUDO FITOQUÍMICO, FÍSICO-QUÍMICO, MICROBIANO E DE TOXICIDADE DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO DAS FOLHAS DE Mentha × piperita L. (Lamiaceae)

Conhecida popularmente como hortelã pimenta, a Mentha × piperita L. é utilizada popularmente no tratamento de desordens no estômago, dores nos músculos, dores de cabeça, resfriados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo o estudo fitoquímico, físico-químico, antimicrobiano e de toxicidade do extrato bruto hidro alcoólico das folhas da M. piperita. Na análise fitoquímica preliminar houve positividade para: saponinas espumídicas, ácidos orgânicos, açúcares redutores e esteroides e triterpenoides. Atividade bacteriana do extrato frente à Pseudomonas aeuroginosa foi efetiva tanto quanto ao antibiótico amoxicilina, utilizado como controle. Com Concentração Inibitória Mínima de 100 mg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus teve seu crescimento interferido e não inibido. O extrato apresentou frente a nauplios de A. salina a CL50 de 533,777 µg/mL, em um período de 24 horas, o que caracteriza baixa toxicidade em relação à A. salina. Por tratar-se de estudos preliminares, é necessário que mais testes sejam realizados com a capacidade de isolar os grupos orgânicos, com a finalidade de realizar novas descobertas e corroborar com o que está descrito em literatura

Identification of Potential Inhibitors from Pyriproxyfen with Insecticidal Activity by Virtual Screening

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue fever transmission, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya in tropical and subtropical regions and it is considered to cause health risks to millions of people in the world. In this study, we search to obtain new molecules with insecticidal potential against Ae. aegypti via virtual screening. Pyriproxyfen was chosen as a template compound to search molecules in the database Zinc_Natural_Stock (ZNSt) with structural similarity using ROCS (rapid overlay of chemical structures) and EON (electrostatic similarity) software, and in the final search, the top 100 were selected. Subsequently, in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties were determined resulting in a total of 14 molecules, and these were submitted to the PASS online server for the prediction of biological insecticide and acetylcholinesterase activities, and only two selected molecules followed for the molecular docking study to evaluate the binding free energy and interaction mode. After these procedures were performed, toxicity risk assessment such as LD50 values in mg/kg and toxicity class using the PROTOX online server, were undertaken. Molecule ZINC00001624 presented potential for inhibition for the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (insect and human) with a binding affinity value of -10.5 and -10.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The interaction with the juvenile hormone was -11.4 kcal/mol for the molecule ZINC00001021. Molecules ZINC00001021 and ZINC00001624 had excellent predictions in all the steps of the study and may be indicated as the most promising molecules resulting from the virtual screening of new insecticidal agents.Federal University of Amapá, Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity-Network BIONORTE, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for funding in the publication of this article

Chemical Composition and In Vitro

The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and the identification and quantification of components were achieved with the use of GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the method of sequestration of DPPH. Essential oils were used for study the cytotoxic front larvae of Artemia salina. In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, we employed the disk-diffusion method. The potential larvicide in mosquito larvae of the third stage of development of Aedes aegypti to different concentrations of essential oils was evaluated. The major compounds found in the essential oils of M. piperita were linalool (51.8%) and epoxyocimene (19.3%). The percentage of antioxidant activity was 79.9±1.6%. The essential oil showed LC50 = 414.6 μg/mL front of A. saline and is considered highly toxic. It shows sensitivity and halos significant inhibition against E. coli. The essential possessed partial larvicidal efficiency against A. aegypti

Trends in Mercury Contamination Distribution among Human and Animal Populations in the Amazon Region

Mercury contamination in the Amazon arising from both natural sources and intensive mining activities in the region is a significant public health concern. This metal is used to separate Au from sediments. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the impact of mining on mercury contamination in the animal and human populations of the Amazon. This overall objective was pursued through a systematic review of the existing literature to assess the impact of Hg and identify gaps in geographic coverage arising from this assessment. Herein, we employed PECO and PRISMA-ScR protocols to select articles published between 2017 and 2023 based on projected points on a map within the biogeographic boundaries of the Amazon. We found that mercury concentrations increase with trophic levels, reaching high values of 3.7 µg/g in the muscles of predatory fish and 34.9 µg/g in human hair. The mean level of mercury in human hair in the whole (Amazon) region exceeds 6 µg/g, surpassing tolerance levels. Although mining regions show high concentrations of Hg, the highest incidence was observed among populations with fish-based diets. It was concluded that continuous research and monitoring of fish in the region are required in order to accurately assess the risk associated with Hg contamination, especially since fish are the main source of protein in this region

Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Microbiological Activities of the Essential Oil of Leaf of Tithonia Diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray (Asteraceae)

The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant potential, and the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the plant species Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray. The essential oil obtained was used to identify the chemical compounds present through the techniques of GC-MS and NMR. The antioxidant potential was calculated by the sequestration method of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. For cytotoxic activity, the larval mortality of Artemia salina was evaluated. The main chemical constituents identified are αpinene (9.9%), Limonene (5.40%), (Z)-β-ocimene (4.02%), p-cymen-8-ol (3.0%), Piperitone (11.72%), (E)-nerolidol (3.78%) and Spathulenol (10.8%). In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. The results showed that the bacterium E. coli were more susceptible to the presence of the essential oil, presenting minimal inhibitory concentration at the concentrations that were exposed. The essential oil presented antioxidant activity of 54.6% at the concentration of 5 mg·mL−1 and provided a CI50 of 4.30. It was observed that the essential oil of this species was highly toxic against A. salina lavas, as its cytotoxic activity showed an LC50 of 3.11. Thus, it is concluded that T. diversifolia oils are effective in inhibiting bacterial growth and reducing oxidative stress

ESTUDO FÍSICO-QUÍMICO E AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL LARVICIDA DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO DAS CASCAS DO CAULE DE Licania macrophylla BENTH

O presente estudo buscou quantificar a presença de micro e macronutrientes e avaliar o potencial larvicida do extrato bruto etanólico das cascas do caule da espécie Licania macrophylla Benth. A quantificação dos micro e macronutrientes foi realizada por espectrometria de absorção atômica e o bioensaio do potencial larvicida realizado frente às larvas no terceiro estágio de desenvolvimento do mosquito Aedes aegypti. Os valores quantificados por espectrometria de absorção atômica foram 25,56 ± 2,90 mg.L-1 para cálcio, 2,62 ± 0,16 mg.L-1 para magnésio, 2,40 ± 1,45 mg.L-1 para potássio, 0,004 ± 0,005mg. L-1 para ferro, 0,02 ± 0,01 mg.L-1 para zinco e 0,00 mg.L-1 para cobre. No bioensaio do potencial larvicida o extrato bruto etanólico apresentou baixa taxa de mortalidade nas concentrações testadas com CL50 de 1497,19 ppm, no qual provavelmente, os metabólitos secundários com esta atividade não estarem em concentrações adequadas para causar mortalidade, visto que trata-se de extrato bruto. Os micros e macronutrientes são essenciais para o desenvolvimento do vegetal e fundamentais para produção de metabólitos secundários, seja por meio do processo de fotossíntese ou pela captação dos nutrientes via solo.Palavras-chave: nutrientes, atividade larvicida, dengue, absorção atômica.This study sought to quantify the presence of micro-and macronutrients and evaluate the larvicidal potential of the crude ethanol extract of the stem bark of the species Licania macrophylla Benth. The quantification of micro and macronutrients was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry and the potential larvicidal bioassay carried forward to the third stage larvae of mosquito Aedes aegypti development. The values quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry were 25,56 ± 2,90 mg.L-1 for calcium, 2,62 ± 0,16 mg.L-1 to magnesium, 2,40 ± 1,45 mg.L-1 for potassium, 0,004 ± 0,005mg. L-1 for iron, 0,02 ± 0,01 mg.L-1 for zinc and 0,00 mg.L-1 for copper. In bioassay potential larvicidal the crude ethanol extract has low mortality rate in the concentrations tested CL50 de 1497,19 ppm, probably in which, secondary metabolites with this activity are not in adequate concentrations to cause mortality, because it is crude extract. The micro and macronutrients are essential for the development of vegetable and essential for production of secondary metabolites, either through the process of photosynthesis and the uptake of nutrients in the soil.Keywords: nutrients; larvicidal activity; dengue; atomic absorption

Evaluation of larvicidal potential against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil obtained from the leaves of Origanum majorana L.

This study evaluated the larvicidal activity of Origanum majorana Linnaeus essential oil, identified the chemical composition, evaluated the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against larvae of the third stage of Aedes aegypti Linaeus, whereas the chemical composition was identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer, the antimicrobial activity was carried out against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus auereus, the antioxidant activity was evaluated from of 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazila sequestration and Artemia salina Leach cytotoxicity. Regarding to the results, the larvicidal activity showed that O. majorana L. essential oil caused high mortality in A. aegypti L. larvae. In the chromatographic analysis, the main component found in O. majorana L. essential oil was pulegone (57.05%), followed by the other components verbenone (16.92%), trans-p-menthan-2-one (8.57%), iso-menthone (5.58%), piperitone (2.83%), 3-octanol (2.35%) and isopulegol (1.47%). The antimicrobial activity showed that E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria were more sensitive to oil than S. aureus, which was resistant at all concentrations. Essential oil did not present antioxidant activity, but it has high cytotoxic activity against A. salina L

Chemical Composition, an Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Microbiological Activity of the Essential Oil from the Leaves of <i>Aeollanthus suaveolens</i> Mart. ex Spreng

<div><p><i>Aeollanthus suaveolens</i> species popularly known as catinga de mulata belongs to the Lamiaceae family. In the Amazon region, it is used in folk medicine for the treatment of gastritis, convulsions of epileptic origin, stomach pain and diarrhea in the form of tea and juice. Essential oils have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated the chemical composition of the <i>A</i>. <i>suaveolens</i> essential oil, and its cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity on <i>Artemia salina</i> Leach. The plant species was collected in Fazendinha district in the city of Macapa-AP. The essential oil obtained from the process was performed by hydrodistillation and identification of components by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the kidnapping method of 2,2- diphenyl -1-picrilhidrazil radical, while the cytotoxic activity was assessed using saline A. and the microbiological activity was carried out by microdilution method with <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> sp. and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteria. In a chromatographic analysis, the major constituents found in the essential oil of <i>A</i>. <i>suaveolens</i> were (E) -β-farnesene (37.615%), Linalool (33.375%), α-Santalene (3.255%) and linalyl acetate (3.222%). The results showed that the <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> sp. bacteria were more susceptible to MIC 50 mg.mL^-1 when compared with the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacterium MIC 100 mg.mL^-1. With respect to MBC concentration of 100 mg.mL^-1 it was sufficient to inhibit the growth of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>. The essential oil did not show antioxidant activity, however, has a high cytotoxic activity against the <i>A</i>. <i>salina</i>, LC₅₀ 8.90 μg.mL^-1.</p></div

Antioxidant activity of <i>Aeollanthus suaveolens</i> essential oil.

<p>Antioxidant activity of <i>Aeollanthus suaveolens</i> essential oil.</p