Subcutaneous Infusion of Fluids for Hydration or Nutrition: A Review

Subcutaneous infusion, or hypodermoclysis, is a technique whereby fluids are infused into the subcutaneous space via small-gauge needles that are typically inserted into the thighs, abdomen, back, or arms. In this review, we provide an overview of the technique, summarize findings from studies that have examined the use of subcutaneous infusion of fluids for hydration or nutrition, and describe the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of subcutaneous infusion. Taken together, the available evidence suggests that, when indicated, subcutaneous infusion can be effective for administering fluids for hydration or nutrition, with minimal complications, and has similar effectiveness and safety to the intravenous route. Of note, subcutaneous infusion offers several advantages over intravenous infusion, including ease of application, low cost, and the lack of potential serious complications, particularly infections. Subcutaneous infusion may be particularly suited for patients with mild to moderate dehydrati..

Fish Oil-Containing Lipid Emulsions In Adult Parenteral Nutrition: A Review Of The Evidence

Background. There is evidence from laboratory and animal studies that fish oil-containing intravenous lipid emulsions (FOC-IVLEs) have a beneficial effect on inflammation and the immune response, suggesting a possible clinical benefit. Clinical studies of FOC-IVLEs have reported mixed results. The aim of this review is to present findings from recent randomized controlled clinical trials and other quality clinical studies investigating the effects of administering intravenous fish oil alone or as part of a multilipid emulsion and to examine the quality of these studies in an objective, evidence-based manner. Methods. Studies comparing FOC-IVLEs with other IVLEs in adults were included. Thirty-four clinical studies were evaluated: 19 investigated levels of inflammatory and immune markers as an endpoint; 13 investigated rates of infection or sepsis; 3 investigated clinical outcomes in septic patients; and 29 investigated general clinical outcomes. Results. There was conflicting evidence for a beneficial effect of fish oil on levels of inflammatory and immune markers and some evidence that fish oil decreased the rate of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Studies generally reported few statistical differences in clinical outcomes and rates of infection and sepsis with FOC-IVLEs as compared with other IVLEs. The quality of reporting was generally poor, and the presented evidence for comparisons between FOC-IVLEs and other IVLEs was inconclusive or weak. Conclusions. There is very little high-quality evidence that FOC-IVLEs have a more beneficial effect than other IVLEs on clinical outcomes in adult patients.WoSScopu

Late development of Zif268 ocular dominance columus in primary visual cortex of primates

This work was supported by a Human Frontier Science Program Organization research grant (RG 93/93) and by the Universidade federal do Pará.Universidade Federal do Para. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Fisiologia. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Para. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Fisiologia. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Para. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Fisiologia. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Para. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Fisiologia. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Zif268 transcription factor is expressed throughout Cebus apella visual cortex at high basal levels. Monocular eyelid suture alters the levels of Zif268 on neurons connected to the deprived eye, revealing ocular dominance columns in the striate cortex of Cebus as previously demonstrated in Old World monkeys (Chaudhuri and Cynader, Brain Res., 605 (1993) 349–353). Zif268 ocular dominance columns are revealed in adult Cebus monkey after 24–48 h of monocular deprivation, but not in infant monkeys up to 3 months of age. In 6-month-old Cebus monkeys, Zif268 ocular dominance columns are still poorly defined. These results suggest that Zif268 ocular dominance columns establish late during normal primate visual system development, and that some degree of visual plasticity is still present at this age in the Cebus monkey

Subcutaneous Infusion of Fluids for Hydration or Nutrition

Subcutaneous infusion, or hypodermoclysis, is a technique whereby fluids are infused into the subcutaneous space via small-gauge needles that are typically inserted into the thighs, abdomen, back, or arms. In this review, we provide an overview of the technique, summarize findings from studies that have examined the use of subcutaneous infusion of fluids for hydration or nutrition, and describe the indications, advantages, and disadvantages of subcutaneous infusion. Taken together, the available evidence suggests that, when indicated, subcutaneous infusion can be effective for administering fluids for hydration or nutrition, with minimal complications, and has similar effectiveness and safety to the intravenous route. Of note, subcutaneous infusion offers several advantages over intravenous infusion, including ease of application, low cost, and the lack of potential serious complications, particularly infections. Subcutaneous infusion may be particularly suited for patients with mild to moderate dehydrati..