Comments on the genus Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850, with description of two new species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae)

Two new species of Diplura C. L. Koch 1850 are described from Brazil: Diplura mapinguari sp. n., from the state of Rondônia in southeastern Amazonia, northern Brazil, and Diplura rodrigoi sp. n., known from southeastern and central west regions of Brazil. Diplura rodrigoi sp. n. is morphologically similar to D. lineata (Lucas, 1857), D. sanguinea (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896), and D. mapinguari sp. n. Comments on diagnostic characters of Diplura are included. The synonymy of D. maculata (Mello-Leitão, 1927) with D. catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1923) is corroborated. A classification of color pattern of the dorsum of the abdomen is given

Eight New Species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) Endemic for the Brazilian Amazon, with Notes on Their Conservational Status.

Eight new species of Charinus Simon, 1892 are described for the Brazilian Amazon, from the states of Pará (C. bichuetteae sp. n., C. bonaldoi sp. n., C. carajas sp. n., C. ferreus sp. n., C. guto sp. n. and C. orientalis sp. n.) and Amazonas (Charinus brescoviti sp. n. and C. ricardoi sp. n.). All new species can be differentiated from the other species of the genus by the number of pseudo-articles in basitibia IV, the presence/absence of median eyes, and the shape of the female gonopod. Brazil now becomes the country with the largest diversity of Amblypygi in the world, with 25 known species. Half of the new species described here have a high degree of endangerment: C. bichuetteae sp. n. is threatened by the flood caused by the hydroelectric dam of Belo Monte, and C. carajas sp. n., C. ferreus sp. n. and C. orientalis sp. n. are endangered by the iron mining in Carajás municipality and surroundings. The Charinus species here described are endemic to the Amazon Region, so in order to assure their preservation, it is strongly recommended a special care with their habitats (type localities) which are facing increasing rates of destruction and deforestation

Two new species of whip spider (Amblypygi): an epigean and a cave dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Belize

Miranda, Gustavo Silva De, Giupponi, Alessandro Ponce De Leão, Wizen, Gil (2016): Two new species of whip spider (Amblypygi): an epigean and a cave dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Belize. Zootaxa 4098 (3): 545-559, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.

Charinus belizensis Miranda, Giupponi & Wizen, 2016, sp. nov.

Charinus belizensis sp. nov. Figs. 1 A, D; 2 A, B; 3 A, C; 4 A, C; 5 A, B, G; 6 A, D, G; 7 A; 8. Diagnosis. median eyes and tubercle absent, small size (carapace mean width: 2.62; pedipalp femur mean length: 1.99; femur I mean length: 4.14), tibia I with 23 articles, tarsus I with 41 articles, proximal article of tarsus I three to four times longer than the second, cheliceral claw with four teeth, and cusps of the bifid tooth of the basal segment of the chelicerae with the relation p=d, gonopods cushion-like. Etymology. the epithet is a noun in apposition referring to the name of the country where the species was collected. Type material. Holotype: BELIZE, ARMENIA, CAYO DISTRICT: Caves Branch forest, nature trail, Ian Anderson's Caves Branch Jungle Lodge, 07.ix. 2014, Wizen G. leg., under and inside rotting logs, 17,165804'N, 88,682192'W (1 male, HUJINVAMB 117). Paratypes: Caves Branch forest, Nature trail, Ian Anderson's Caves Branch Jungle Lodge, under and inside rotting logs, 02.ix. 2014, Wizen G. leg., 17,165804'N, -88,682192'W (1 females, 1 juvenile, HUJINVAMB 118; 1 female MNRJ 9306). Description of the male holotype (variations found in the paratypes are indicated in brackets; description of the chelicerae and gonopod are based on paratypes): Carapace (Fig. 1 A). Carapace flattened, wider than long (1.6 times), slightly bent downwards below lateral eyes; a thin median furrow reaches the fovea starting from the depression that replaces the median eye and tubercle. Anterior margin straight, with six frontal setae. Frontal process large, triangular, not visible from above, with a rounded tip. Three pairs of shallow furrows in the lateral of the carapace, and an oval and deep fovea. First pair of furrows placed just behind the lateral boss behind the lateral eyes; any of the furrows reaches the middle line. Median eyes and tubercle completely absent, a deep depression instead; no setae present in the depression. Lateral eyes well developed, pale, one large seta behind each triad; lenses directed upwards and slightly anteriorly. Sternum (Fig. 1 D): tetra-segmented, all pieces well sclerotized. Tritosternum with a round basis and projected anteriorly in a small blunt tubercle, reaching the base of the pedipalp coxae, with two apical, two median and two basal setae, with smaller ones on the base. Middle piece (tetrasternum) in one convex piece, with a pair of large setae in its apex, and a pair of small setae in its base. Third piece (pentasternum) formed by one convex piece, smaller than the middle piece, with two long setae at its top and with no small setae on its base. Sternites separated from each other by length of the third piece. Metasternum not paired (i.e., one single piece), with one pair of setae on an elevation at the posterior region of the plaque. Abdomen (Fig. 1 A): oblong, with almost indistinguishable punctuations. Ventral sacs not developed. Chelicera (Fig. 5 G): Cheliceral furrow with four internal teeth; first tooth (upper) bifid, proximal cusp of the same size as distal cusp. Third tooth slightly thinner and shorter than second tooth. Fourth tooth one third larger than the third. No tooth in the external row of the basal segment. Mesal face with a longitudinal row of seven setae. Claw with four denticles. Pedipalp: Trochanter (Fig. 1 A, 2 A, B): large ventral apophysis, located in the posterior border of the trochanter, spiniform, bearing 11 large setae, and with a blunt tip pointed forward; two subequal spines, one in about the center of the anterior row of setiferous tubercles (three setae on each side), the other at the external border, below the apophysis, a bit curved inwards. Femur (Fig. 1 A, 2 A, B, 3 A): three dorsal spines (I>II>III) with two prominent setiferous tubercle before the first spine; three ventral spines (I>II>III) with one small setiferous tubercle before the first spine [one female paratype have two spines]. Tibia (Fig. 1 A, 2 A, B, 3 A): three dorsal spines (I>II>III); one spine distal to I (about one third the size of I); one small setiferous tubercle proximal to spine III; spine II two thirds spine I and spine III one third spine I; spine I and II with two setiferous tubercle on its basal third; spine III with one setiferous tubercle in its half. Two ventral spines; second spine half size of the first (I>II). Basitarsus (Fig. 1 A, 2 A, B): two dorsal spines, the basal 2 / 3 the size of the distal. One ventral spine at the distal half, 2 / 3 the basal spine dorsal. Distitarsus (Fig. 3 C): two large curved spines, the distal half the size of the article and pointed forward; the proximal half the size of the distal and pointed upward. Cleaning organ about half of the article length. Claw (Fig. 1 A, 2 A, B, 3 C): long, with an acute, curved tip. Legs: All setose. Ventral corner of the prolateral face of femora II–IV projecting in a distinct spiniform process. Femur length: I>III>II>IV. Tibia I with 23 articles; distal segments (Fig. 4 A) with two small trichobothria, one on the dorsal and one in the lateral (ectal) side of the segment; one trichobothria in the second and fourth (from distal to proximal) segments, close to the distal border, one more lateral and the other more dorsal, respectively; no trichobothria on the other segments. Tarsus (basitarsus+distitarsus) I with 41 articles; proximal segment 3.3 times longer than the next (Fig. 4 A). Leg IV: Basitibia: divided into three pseudo-articles, with one trichobothrium on the first third of the last pseudo-segments (trichobothrium bt). Distitibia (Fig. 5 A, B): three proximal and 13 distal trichobothria (total of 16); trichobothrium bc midway to bf and sbf [in the paratypes, bc is closer to sbf than to bf]; sf and sc with five trichobothria. Basitibia-distitibia length DT>BT 1>BT 4>BT 3>BT 2. Tarsus: with very weak mark of the white ring in the distal part of the second segment of distitarsus IV (Fig. 4 C). Measurements (in mm): Female (n= 2): Carapace: Length: 1.97, Width: 2.94. Pedipalp: Femur 1.5, Tibia 1.55, Basitarsus 0.88, Distitarsus 0.63, Tarsal claw 0.45. Leg I: Femur 4.35, Tibia 6.80, Tarsus 6.80. Leg II: Femur 3.20, Basitibia 1.63, Distitibia 1.38, Basitarsus 0.75, other tarsal articles 0.50. Leg III: Femur 3.60, Basitibia 2.0, Distitibia 1.6, Basitarsus 0.88, Other tarsal articles 0.76. Leg IV: Femur 3.20, Basitibia I 1.56, Basitibia II 0.41, Basitibia III 0.72, Distitibia 1.97, Basitarsus 1.96, Other tarsal articles 0.51. Measurements (in mm): Male holotype: Carapace: Length: 1.72, Width: 2.78. Pedipalp: Femur 1.58, Tibia 1.56, Basitarsus 0.91, Distitarsus 0.66, Tarsal claw 0.51. Leg I: Femur 4.63, Tibia 8.00, Tarsus 8.50. Leg II: Femur 3.50, Basitibia 2.25, Distitibia 1.95, Basitarsus 1.00, Other tarsal articles 0.60. Leg III: Femur 3.80, Basitibia 2.68, Distitibia 1.72, Basitarsus 1.08, Other tarsal articles 1.00. Leg IV: Femur 3.20, Basitibia I 1.52, Basitibia II 0.40, Basitibia III 0.76, Distitibia 1.80, Basitarsus 1.04, Other tarsal articles 0.60. Color Pattern (in alcohol): Chelicerae, pedipalps, carapace and abdomen yellowish-brown. Legs tibia and tarsus lighter colored. Color in live animals is similar, except for the chelicerae that are burgundy. Genitalia: Female gonopod (Fig. 6 A, D, G): posterior margin of genital operculum straight, with few setae along its margin and on its surface. Gonopods oval, cushion-like, placed close to the border of the genital operculum, with a soft projection in the shape of a claw-like flap that covers the genital operculum. Internal border of the flap serrated, with few and spaced cusps. Male gonopod with distal border of fistula sclerotized; PI straight; Lol 1 short and fimbriated. Natural history: C. belizensis sp. nov. inhabits decomposing parts of fallen tree logs and deserted termite galleries in the broadleaf forest. It shares this habitat with several other arthropods, and occasionally it is found together with Diplocentrus maya Francke, 1977 (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) and millipedes of the order Platydesmida. More than one individual of C. belizensis can be found using the same log cavity, which suggests a degree of tolerance towards conspecifics. It is unknown whether C. belizensis leaves the log to forage. It was often recorded feeding on small spiders and insects inside the log.Published as part of Miranda, Gustavo Silva De, Giupponi, Alessandro Ponce De Leão & Wizen, Gil, 2016, Two new species of whip spider (Amblypygi): an epigean and a cave dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Belize, pp. 545-559 in Zootaxa 4098 (3) on pages 547-549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/26477

Distributional map of the new species.

<p>Green: ombrophilous forest. Yellow: white-sand forest (Amazonian Caatinga).</p

Piaroa virichaj Manzanilla, Giupponi & Tourinho, 2008, sp. n.

Piaroa virichaj sp. n. Figs 1–12. Etymology. According to the Piaroa culture Virichaj is the demon that caste spells of fever on natives. Type material. Male holotype (MHNLS I­ 0077). VENEZUELA, AMAZONAS, Tobogán de la Selva, 5 º 23 ’ 10 ” N 67 º 36 ’ 53 ” W. 160 m. 23­25.xii. 2002. Giupponi A., Pérez­González A. & Villarreal M.O. leg. Paratypes. 1 female and 1 subadult (MHNLS I­ 0077). 2 subadults (MNRJ 04291), the same. Diagnosis. Total length between 4.92 – 5.56 millimetres. Propeltidium with three pairs of dorsal and anterior setae. With faint, oval eyespots. Movable cheliceral finger with long keel or lamella with three teeth, guard tooth very reduced and curved, unmovable finger with five teeth. Male flagellum flattened dorsoventrally, very elongated, with two dorsal small depressions. Femur IV three times wider than long. Female lateral lobes of spermathecae swelling at base, curving distally, so the bulbs are facing. Apical trifid blunt bulbs with little nodules present. Description of the male (holotype). Coloration. Propeltidium, chelicerae, legs I, pedipalpus and basal portion of flagellum yellowish­brown. Mesopeltidium, metapeltidium, abdominal segments and legs lighter. Propeltidium. (Figs 1–2, 6). With two anterior setae (one behind the other), and one pair of medial dorsal setae and other posterior pair. Metapeltidium entire. Abdomen (Figs 1–2). Setae: Tergite II with three pairs of microsetae. Tergites I–VIII with a pair of large dorsal; VIII with one pair and one pair of distolateral IX with one pair of large distal and one pair of short and distolateral ones. Segments IX–XII elongated. Segment XII without posterodorsal process. Ventral region. Respiratory spiracles large and oval, slightly sclerotized, darker than sternites. Flagellum (Figs. 3–5). Pedicel very long, about 65 % of the length of the bulb. Bulb 1.3 time longer than wide. Distal portion 2.6 times the length of the bulb. Bulb flattened dorsoventrally, very elongated, with two dorsal small depressions. Vm 2 anterior Dm 1; Vm 1 at level Dm 1; Vm 4 at level of proximal border of dorsal depression; Dm 4 posteriorly, near of Vl 2; Dl 3 extremely posterior. Chelicerae (Fig. 7). Movable jaw sharp and curving in terminal third, sub­apical guard tooth present, with 3 acessory teeth, fixed jaw with 5, the proximal larger, three next the same size, distal teeth slightly larger. Pedipalps (Fig. 8). Trochanter with a small prolateral spine, with large sharp frontal process, triangle­like shaped, with a row of ventral setae. Femur short and robust, dorsally curved, in shape of clef, thinner at base and wider at apex, dorsal surface three times longer than ventral, dorsal surface with some setae, ventral face armed with apical short and blunt tubercle. Patella surface generally smooth, tubular, three times longer than wide, with short mesoventral spines and a few dorsal and ventral setae. Tibia similar in form with patella, slightly thinner and lesser setae, dorsally curved. Tarsus conic, half of the tibia’s length, with numerous setae, visible sharp spur, and apical inner spine; tarsal claw sharp and curved, slightly larger than half tibial length. Legs (Fig. 9). Hubbardiinae pattern, anterodorsal margin of femur IV curved at about a 90 ° angle. Measurements. Table 1. Description of female (paratype). (Figs 10–11). Medial lobes and gonopod absent, when cleared with peroxide at 3 % and examined in glycerin. Chitinized arch with posterior border U­shaped, 2.6 times wider than long; chitinized arch and base lobes joint heart­shaped, deep anterior border constriction, reaching 1 / 3 of structure length. Natural history. All specimens were collected in a very restricted and small micro­habitat, they were found under flat stones, they were up­side­down walking on the stone’s undersurface. The locality (Fig. 12) was a secondary growth forest with a sunless understory. It was very humid and resembled a dry stream bed; with dense litter layer, rotten logs and stones. Presently, this locality has been being used for tourism activities.Published as part of Manzanilla, Osvaldo Villarreal, Giupponi, Alessandro Ponce De Leão & Tourinho, Ana Lúcia, 2008, New Venezuelan genus of Hubardiidae (Arachnida: Schizomida), pp. 60-68 in Zootaxa 1860 on pages 61-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18365

New Venezuelan genus of Hubardiidae (Arachnida: Schizomida)

A new Amazonian genus and species of Schizomida is described from Tobogán de la Selva, Amazonas state in Venezuela. Piaroa virichaj n. gen. and n. sp is the seventh species of the order described for Venezuela. Piaroa virichaj gen. and n. sp. is distinguished by having the metapeltidium entire; abdominal segment IX - XII elongated in the male; male without posterodorsal abdominal process on segment XII; male flagellum flattened dorsoventrally, very elongated, with two small dorsomedian depressions; pedipalps not sexually dimorphic; spermathecae with lateral lobes slender and curved, with the base swollen, ending in slightly trifid bulbs; medial lobes absent; gonopod absent. The locality where the species was collected is shown in a map, a discussion on the taxonomic characters of the new genus and species, the relationships of the new genus and the interrelationship of some species in Hubardiidae are provided. Copyright © 2008 Magnolia Press

Eight New Species of <i>Charinus</i> Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) Endemic for the Brazilian Amazon, with Notes on Their Conservational Status - Fig 4

<p><b>A-H.</b> Female and male gonopods of the new species described in this paper. <b>A-F.</b> Female gonopods. <b>A.</b> <i>Charinus brescoviti</i> sp. n. (IBSP 149); <b>B.</b> <i>Charinus ricardoi</i> sp. n. (MZSP 22036); <b>C.</b> <i>Charinus bonaldoi</i> sp. n. (MPEG 061); <b>D.</b> <i>Charinus guto</i> sp. n. (MZSP 48146); <b>E.</b> <i>Charinus carajas</i> sp. n. (MZSP 29132); <b>F.</b> <i>Charinus orientalis</i> sp. n. (MNRJ 09249). <b>G-H.</b> Male gonopods. <b>G.</b> <i>Charinus carajas</i> sp. n. (MZSP 29121); <b>H.</b> <i>Charinus ferreus</i> sp. n. (MZSP 29106). Scale bars of figures. A, B, C, E, G, H: 100μm. Scale bars of figures. D, F: 50μm.</p