Digital models of architectural models: from the acquisition to the dissemination

Antiquities and works of art preserved in museum collections represent an invaluable evidence of our history. A proper three-dimensional metric survey and digitisation of these assets (which are intrinsically fragile and for this reason need a continue and careful documentation) allow to increase significantly their resilience and they offer a valid contribution for the management of these objects belonging to movable heritage. This work takes place during a research experience carried out in the framework of B.A.C.K. TO T.H.E. F.U.T.U.RE. (BIM Acquisitions as Cultural Key TO Transfer Heritage of ancient Egypt For many Uses to many Users REplayed) during which a collection that consists of fourteen wooden models belonging to Museo Egizio of Torino has been digitised using both imagebased and range-based modeling techniques. In addition to geometric and radiometric data, provided by textured model, information of various nature related to the considered asset has been integrated. The main aim of the research, starting from the digital 3D models, is the creation of threedimensional databases (with alphanumeric and multimedia informations about historical, artistic and management aspects), useful for several purposes: 3D visualisation, communication, dissemination and data management. In this paper 3D metric acquisition strategies have been evaluated and the followed methodology as regards data enrichment have been illustrated

THE IPAD PRO BUILT-IN LIDAR SENSOR: 3D RAPID MAPPING TESTS AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT

Abstract. The main goal of this ongoing research is the evaluation of the iPad Pro built-in LiDAR sensor for large scale 3D rapid mapping. Different aspects have been considered from the architectural surveying perspective and several analyses were carried out focusing on the acquisition phase and the definition of best practices for data collection, the quantitative analysis on the acquired data and their 3D positional accuracy assessment, and the qualitative analysis of the achievable metric products. Despite this paper is a preliminary analysis and deeper studies in various application environment are necessary, the availability of a LiDAR sensor embedded in a tablet or mobile phone, appears promising for rapid surveying purposes. According to test outcomes, the sensor is able to rapidly acquire reliable 3D point clouds suitable for 1:200 architectural rapid mapping; the iPad Pro could represent an interesting novelty also thanks to its price (compared to standard surveying instruments), portability and limited time required both for data acquisition and processing

Nuvole di punti, rappresentazione architettonica e analisi dei modelli 3D ottimizzati per lo studio della basilica di San Nicola a Tolentino

La realizzazione dei disegni architettonici e le analisi tecniche basate su modelli digitali ottenuti da rilievi metrici 3D sono attualmente un tema di sicuro interesse, ma soprattutto di grande importanza per la documentazione del patrimonio culturale colpito da eventi sismici. Questo contributo ha lo scopo di presentare alcune possibilità percorribili per la fruizione dei prodotti realizzati a partire dai rilievi 3D, nonché le problematiche di interpretazione della forma e delle relative anomalie che i contesti architettonici possono presentare. A partire dunque dalla generazione di nuvole 3D ottenute dall’integrazione di rilievi laser scanning, fotogrammetria terrestre e UAV e attraverso lo studio di alcuni nodi problematici dal punto di vista della vulnerabilità sismica nella basilica di San Nicola di Tolentino (MC), tale contributo illustra differenti soluzioni utili per l’analisi e l’interpretazione di diverse porzioni di fabbrica e di vari elementi architettonici e costruttivi particolarmente soggetti alle azioni dei terremoti nelle chiese. The process of achieving architectural drawing and technical analysis of 3D models derived from three-dimensional survey is nowadays an important theme for the documentation of the cultural heritage affected by earthquake. This manuscript aims to present some accessible possibilities for the use of products from 3D imaging and ranging survey, and the problems of interpretation of the shape and related anomalies that architectural contexts can present. Therefore, starting from the generation of 3D clouds obtained by the integration of laser scanning surveys, terrestrial and UAV photogrammetry and through the study of some problematic nodes from the point of view of seismic vulnerability in the San Nicola cathedral in Tolentino (MC), this paper illustrates different solutions useful for the analysis and interpretation of different parts of the factory, and of various architectural and construction elements particularly subject to the actions of earthquakes in the churches

Integration of geomatics techniques for digitizing highly relevant geological and cultural heritage sites: The case of san Leo (Italy)

The research activities described in this contribution were carried out at San Leo (Italy). The town is located on the top of a quadrangular rock slab affected by a complex system of fractures and has a wealth of cultural heritage, as evidenced by the UNESCO's nomination. The management of this fragile set requires a comprehensive system of geometrical information to analyse and preserve all the geological and cultural features. In this perspective, the latest Geomatics techniques were used to perform some detailed surveys and to manage the great amount of acquired geometrical knowledge of both natural (the cliff) and historical heritage. All the data were also georeferenced in a unique reference system. In particular, high accurate terrestrial laser scanner surveys were performed for the whole cliff, in order to obtain a dense point cloud useful for a large number of geological studies, among others the analyses of the last rockslide by comparing pre-And post-event data. Moreover, the geometrical representation of the historical centre was performed using different approaches, in order to generate an accurate DTM and DSM of the site. For these purposes, a large scale numerical map was used, integrating the data with GNSS and laser surveys of the area. Finally, many surveys were performed with different approaches on some of the most relevant monuments of the town. In fact, these surveys were performed by terrestrial laser scanner, light structured scanner and photogrammetry, the last mainly applied with the Structure from Motion approach. \ua9 Authors 2017. CC BY 4.0 License

Terrestrial Remote Sensing techniques to complement conventional geomechanical surveys for the assessment of landslide hazard: The San Leo case study (Italy)

The San Leo village, located near to Rimini (northern Italy), was built in the medieval period on the top of a calcarenite and sandstone plateau, affected by lateral spreading associated with secondary rock falls and topples. In fact, a number of landslides endangered the historical town since centuries. In order to describe the structural features driving these slope instability phenomena, a complete Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) survey all around the San Leo cliff was performed. Moreover, Close-Range Photogrammetric (CRP) surveys and conventional geomechanical surveys on scanlines have been carried out. The 3D geometry of the cliffs was extracted and critical areas have been investigated in detail using dense Digital Surface Models (DSMs) obtained from CRP or TLS. The results were used to define the structural features of the plateau, to recognize more fractured areas, and to perform kinematic analyses, in order to assess the joint sets predisposing to slope instability at the cliff scale. The creation of a 3D model was also fundamental for the implementation of the geological model to be used in numerical modelling for hydrogeological characterization and slope stability analyses

Evidence of Distinct Tumour-Propagating Cell Populations with Different Properties in Primary Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Increasing evidence that a number of malignancies are characterised by tumour cell heterogeneity has recently been published, but there is still a lack of data concerning liver cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate and characterise tumour-propagating cell (TPC) compartments within human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).After long-term culture, we identified three morphologically different tumour cell populations in a single HCC specimen, and extensively characterised them by means of flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, karyotyping and microarray analyses, single cell cloning, and xenotransplantation in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ/⁻ mice.The primary cell populations (hcc-1, -2 and -3) and two clones generated by means of limiting dilutions from hcc-1 (clone-1/7 and -1/8) differently expressed a number of tumour-associated stem cell markers, including EpCAM, CD49f, CD44, CD133, CD56, Thy-1, ALDH and CK19, and also showed different doubling times, drug resistance and tumorigenic potential. Moreover, we found that ALDH expression, in combination with CD44 or Thy-1 negativity or CD56 positivity identified subpopulations with a higher clonogenic potential within hcc-1, hcc-2 and hcc-3 primary cell populations, respectively. Karyotyping revealed the clonal evolution of the cell populations and clones within the primary tumour. Importantly, the primary tumour cell population with the greatest tumorigenic potential and drug resistance showed more chromosomal alterations than the others and contained clones with epithelial and mesenchymal features.Individual HCCs can harbor different self-renewing tumorigenic cell types expressing a variety of morphological and phenotypical markers, karyotypic evolution and different gene expression profiles. This suggests that the models of hepatic carcinogenesis should take into account TPC heterogeneity due to intratumour clonal evolution

Turin 1911 ‘La favolosa Esposizione’: From Knowledge to Dissemination Using Integrated Geomatics Methods

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

3D WebGIS for Ephemeral Architecture Documentation and Studies in the Humanities

The documentation and visualization of ephemeral CH, especially for World’s Fairs architecture, remains a neglected endeavor on the global scale. While digital products like 3D models find extensive application in CH, the use of a WebGIS has scarcely been explored in this domain. When a WebGIS is used for CH, it serves to communicate the output of research, not as a tool to support the development of the research itself. Moreover, aspects like procedural development for the creation of a WebGIS platform, its upgrading, and its long-term preservation are key factors for the maintenance of the digital tool, but they have scarcely been considered in the literature. Through the Turin 1911 project, this paper defines a procedure for the creation of a WebGIS for ephemeral architectural documentation, showing how a WebGIS platform can be designed, implemented, tested, and maintained. The novelty of this study lies in the creation of a 2D/3D WebGIS based on a tailored spatial database; the WebGIS is coupled with a dedicated website for the constant updating of the research data documenting the Turin 1911 International Exposition. The discussion emphasizes the transformative role of a WebGIS in not only sharing information but also serving as a dynamic platform for conducting digital humanities studies in 3D environments