Willingness to Pay For Insecticide-Treated Nets in Berehet District, Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia: Implication of Social Marketing

Background: Understanding the feasibility of achieving widespread coverage with Insecticide- Treated Nets has to be preceded by learning how people value the Insecticide-Treated Nets and estimating the potential demand and willingness to pay so that sustainability of the intervention can be assured. The objective of this study was to determine willingness to pay for Insecticide-Treated Nets among households in Berehet District, Northern Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods in five randomly selected Kebeles from January-February 2012. Open ended contingent valuation technique with follow-up method was used. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and observation methods. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables.Results: The average number of individuals per Insecticide-Treated Nets was 3.83 .Nearly 68.5% persons had willingness to buy Insecticide-Treated Nets if they have access to these Nets. The median maximum price a person is willingness to pay for blue rectangular Insecticide-Treated Net was 20 ETB. People had willingness to pay 30 ETB for blue and white conical insecticide-treated nets. Working on knowledge of malaria (OR=0.68, CI (0.47, 0.98; p<0.05), perceived benefit of Insecticide-Treated Nets (OR=0.28, CI (0.2-0.4; p<0.05), perceived susceptibility (OR=0.64(0.44-0.93; p<0.05) and perceived severity of malaria (OR=0.65(0.47-0.91, p<0.05) had significant association with a willingness to pay Insecticide-Treated Nets. Respondents who prefer kebele/place/ to buy Insecticide-Treated Net for rectangular shape had a significant association with a willingness to pay for Insecticide-Treated Nets(OR=1.92, CI= 1.07-3.92).Conclusion: Promotions, products, price and place had significant association with willingness to pay for Insecticide-Treated Nets. Designing a social marketing strategy helps ensure sustainable supply of Insecticide-Treated Nets and proper use of Insecticide-Treated Nets.Keywords: Willingness to pay, Insecticide-Treated Nets, Social marketing, Malari

Effects of genotype and environment on forage yield, nutritive value and morphology of lablab (Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet)

The goal of the study is to determine the effect of genotype and environment on forage yield, forage nutritive value and to determine the relation between morphology and forage yield and nutritive value of lablab. Thirteen genotypes (one local and 12 improved) were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block trial across three locations in Ethiopian lowlands namely, Bechi, Kite and Tepi. All forage samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) using a combination of conventional nutritional analyses and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. There was a significant (P < 0.001) effect of genotype, location and genotype*location on forage yield of DM, forage yield of CP, forage yield of IVDMD, CP, and IVDMD. The difference between means of minimum and maximum genotypes was 12.9 t/ha of DM, 3.12 t/ha CP, 8.22 t/ha IVDMD, 57 g/kg of CP and 56 g/kg of IVDMD. The correlation between plant morphology and forage yield and nutritive value was weak (r ≤ 0.41) in all locations and the combined data. Both genotype and location should be considered by the farmers when they decide to grow lablab for forage production. Morphological traits of lablab are not suitable to evaluate forage yield and nutritive value. Enhancing the awareness of farmers about the effect genetic-environment interaction effect of forage yield and nutritive value and the relation between morphology and yield and nutritive value would improve the uptake of lablab in mixed the farming system leading to more sustainable agricultural production

Análise quimiométrica usando RMN de 13C como ferramenta para diferenciar duas espécies de Maytenus

Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T17:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) fernando_cesar_et_all.pdf: 389947 bytes, checksum: 1788622194f1ae8f27c340b1fc472b11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 25Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Outo Preto, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Outo Preto, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Maytenus robusta foi recentemente sinonimizada com Maytenus gonoclada devido à sobreposição de caracteres morfológicos utilizados na classificação botânica. O presente estudo investiga as diferenças químicas entre robusta Maytenus gonoclada e Maytenus robusta usando análise quimiométrica. Os dados de RMN de 13C de triterpenos pentacíclicos obtidos a partir dessas espécie foram avaliados por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e os friedelanes foram os metabólitos que mais contribuíram para as diferenças entre as duas espécies. Isso demonstra a análise quimiométrica como uma ferramenta importante para esclarecer a taxonomia de plantas semelhantes.Varronia curassavica Jacq (=Cordia verbenacea DC), Cordiaceae, is an American species widely spread from Argentina to Mexico. The species is tradicionally used for medicinal purposes in inflamatory diseases and is raw material for the first Brazilian phytotherapic (Acheflan®, Aché). Here, we aimed to describe the morphoanatomy of V. curassavica, searching useful features to its identification. The species has craspedodromous venation and wavy to dentate leaf margins. The epidermis has one layer of cells, with two types of glandular stalked trichomes, one possessing a globular head and other a kidney-shaped head, and two types of non-glandular trichomes, one of them possessing cystolith. Leaf blade is hypostomatic. Mesophyll is dorsiventral. Glandular trichomes are possibly the best feature to identify the species, since we can use it to distinguish V. curassavica from two other species of Varronia