2,226 research outputs found
Reactive dynamics on fractal sets: anomalous fluctuations and memory effects
We study the effect of fractal initial conditions in closed reactive systems
in the cases of both mobile and immobile reactants. For the reaction , in the absence of diffusion, the mean number of particles is shown to
decay exponentially to a steady state which depends on the details of the
initial conditions. The nature of this dependence is demonstrated both
analytically and numerically. In contrast, when diffusion is incorporated, it
is shown that the mean number of particles decays asymptotically as
, the memory of the initial conditions being now carried by the
dynamical power law exponent. The latter is fully determined by the fractal
dimension of the initial conditions.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, uses epl.cl
Kinetic Regimes and Cross-Over Times in Many-Particle Reacting Systems
We study kinetics of single species reactions ("A+A -> 0") for general local
reactivity Q and dynamical exponent z (rms displacement x_t ~ t^{1/z}.) For
small molecules z=2, whilst z=4,8 for certain polymer systems. For dimensions d
above the critical value d_c=z, kinetics are always mean field (MF). Below d_c,
the density n_t initially follows MF decay, n_0 - n_t ~ n_0^2 Q t. A 2-body
diffusion-controlled regime follows for strongly reactive systems (Q>Qstar ~
n_0^{(z-d)/d}) with n_0 - n_t ~ n_0^2 x_t^d. For Q<Qstar, MF kinetics persist,
with n_t ~ 1/Qt. In all cases n_t ~ 1/x_t^d at the longest times. Our analysis
avoids decoupling approximations by instead postulating weak physically
motivated bounds on correlation functions.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, uses bulk2.sty, minor changes, submitted to
Europhysics Letter
Virtual effects of light gauginos and higgsinos: a precision electroweak analysis of split supersymmetry
We compute corrections to precision electroweak observables in supersymmetry
in the limit that scalar superpartners are very massive and decoupled. This
leaves charginos and neutralinos and a Standard Model-like Higgs boson as the
only states with unknown mass substantially affecting the analysis. We give
complete formulas for the chargino and neutralino contributions, derive simple
analytic results for the pure gaugino and higgsino cases, and study the general
case. We find that in all circumstances, the precision electroweak fit improves
when the charginos and neutralinos are near the current direct limits. Larger
higgsino and gaugino masses worsen the fit as the theory predictions
asymptotically approach those of the Standard Model. Since the Standard Model
is considered by most to be an adequate fit to the precision electroweak data,
an important corollary to our analysis is that all regions of parameter space
allowed by direct collider constraints are also allowed by precision
electroweak constraints in split supersymmetry.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, v2: typos fixed and note adde
Bounds on the attractor dimension for magnetohydrodynamic channel flow with parallel magnetic field at low magnetic Reynolds number
We investigate aspects of low-magnetic-Reynolds-number flow between two
parallel, perfectly insulating walls, in the presence of an imposed magnetic
field parallel to the bounding walls. We find a functional basis to describe
the flow, well adapted to the problem of finding the attractor dimension, and
which is also used in subsequent direct numerical simulation of these flows.
For given Reynolds and Hartmann numbers, we obtain an upper bound for the
dimension of the attractor by means of known bounds on the nonlinear inertial
term and this functional basis for the flow. Three distinct flow regimes
emerge: a quasi-isotropic 3D flow, a non-isotropic three-dimensional (3D) flow,
and a 2D flow. We find the transition curves between these regimes in the space
parameterized by Hartmann number Ha and attractor dimension . We
find how the attractor dimension scales as a function of Reynolds and Hartmann
numbers (Re and Ha) in each regime. We also investigate the thickness of the
boundary layer along the bounding wall, and find that in all regimes this
scales as 1/Re, independently of the value of Ha, unlike Hartmann boundary
layers found when the field is normal to the channel. The structure of the set
of least dissipative modes is indeed quite different between these two cases
but the properties of turbulence far from the walls (smallest scales and number
of degrees of freedom) are found to be very similar
Photonic SUSY Two-Loop Corrections to the Muon Magnetic Moment
Photonic SUSY two-loop corrections to the muon magnetic moment are
contributions from diagrams where an additional photon loop is attached to a
SUSY one-loop diagram. These photonic corrections are evaluated exactly,
extending a leading-log calculation by Degrassi and Giudice. Compact analytical
expressions are provided and the numerical behaviour is discussed. The photonic
corrections reduce the SUSY one-loop result by 7...9%. The new terms are
typically around ten times smaller than the leading logarithms, but they can be
larger and have either sign in cases with large SUSY mass splittings. We also
provide details on renormalization and regularization and on how to incorporate
the photonic corrections into a full SUSY two-loop calculation.Comment: 25 page
Impact of the new european paediatric regulatory framework on ethics committees: overview and perspectives
n/
Length-weight relationship of fishes and cephalopods from the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean)
Length-weight relationship (LWR) parameters of 72 species of fishes and 15 species of cephalopods caught in the Balearic Islands demersal fishery are reported. This is the first compilation of LWR for these groups in the Balearic Islands
Coarsening in a Driven Ising Chain with Conserved Dynamics
We study the low-temperature coarsening of an Ising chain subject to
spin-exchange dynamics and a small driving force. This dynamical system reduces
to a domain diffusion process, in which entire domains undergo nearest-neighbor
hopping, except for the shortest domains -- dimers -- which undergo long-range
hopping. This system is characterized by two independent length scales: the
average domain length L(t)~t^{1/2} and the average dimer hopping distance l(t)~
t^{1/4}. As a consequence of these two scales, the density C_k(t) of domains of
length k does not obey scaling. This breakdown of scaling also leads to the
density of short domains decaying as t^{-5/4}, instead of the t^{-3/2} decay
that would arise from pure domain diffusion.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, revtex 2-column forma
Novel criticality in a model with absorbing states
We study a one-dimensional model which undergoes a transition between an
active and an absorbing phase. Monte Carlo simulations supported by some
additional arguments prompted as to predict the exact location of the critical
point and critical exponents in this model. The exponents and
follows from random-walk-type arguments. The exponents are found to be non-universal and encoded in the singular part of
reactivation probability, as recently discussed by H. Hinrichsen
(cond-mat/0008179). A related model with quenched randomness is also studied.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, generalized version with the continuously
changing exponent bet
An extended-phase-space dynamics for the generalized nonextensive thermostatistics
We apply a variant of the Nose-Hoover thermostat to derive the Hamiltonian of
a nonextensive system that is compatible with the canonical ensemble of the
generalized thermostatistics of Tsallis. This microdynamical approach provides
a deterministic connection between the generalized nonextensive entropy and
power law behavior. For the case of a simple one-dimensional harmonic
oscillator, we confirm by numerical simulation of the dynamics that the
distribution of energy H follows precisely the canonical q-statistics for
different values of the parameter q. The approach is further tested for
classical many-particle systems by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The
results indicate that the intrinsic nonlinear features of the nonextensive
formalism are capable to generate energy fluctuations that obey anomalous
probability laws. For q<1 a broad distribution of energy is observed, while for
q>1 the resulting distribution is confined to a compact support.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
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