Turističko-kartografska vizuelizacija Evropskog pešačkog puta kroz Srbiju - deonice E7 na planini Tari

Owing to efforts of volunteers and minimal financial support by the Ministry of Economy and Regional Prosperity in the Government of the Republic of Serbia, the Mountaineering Association of Serbia managed to realize a large portion of the European Walking Route (EWR) Project in 2010 by designing and marking sections E 7 and E 4 through Serbia. The mountaineering organization and tourism on the national level have thus been given significant and almost free development opportunity. The paper focuses, firstly, on certain aspects of marked hiking routes and transversals which served as a basis for designing and marking the EWR and, secondly, on the EWR standards illustrated by example from Denmark. This is followed by elements of the standards and procedures for creating EWR through Serbia, as well as a critical survey of the existing mountaineering and hiking maps. The example of section E 7 on Mt. Tara has been given as being representative of the practice of cartographic modeling. The closing part contains concise suggestions for a future standard in the field of tourist and cartographic visualization of mountaineering centres through which the EWR goes in the territory of Serbia.Zahvaljujući volonterskim naporima i minimalnim podsticajnim sredstvima Ministarstva za ekonomiju i regionalni razvoj Vlade Republike Srbije, Planinarski savez Srbije (PSS) je u toku 2010. godine realizovao glavni deo projekta Evropskog pešačkog puta (EPP) kroz Srbiju - deonice E7 i E4, čime su planinarska organizacija i turizam u nacionalnim okvirima dobili značajnu i gotovo besplatnu razvojnu šansu. S tim u vezi, u radu je najpre obrađen aspekt markiranih planinarskih pešačkih staza i transverzala koje su činile osnovu za projektovanje i trasiranje EPP, a zatim je predstavljen standard EPP na primeru iz Danske. Nakon toga su dati elementi standarda i procedura za izradu EPP kroz Srbiju, kritički osvrt na stanje planinarsko-turističkih karata u našoj zemlji, a prezentovan je i način kartografskog modelovanja EPP na primeru deonice E7 na planini Tari. Na kraju rada sublimirani su predlozi budućeg standarda turističko-kartografske vizuelizacije planinskih centara preko kojih prolazi deonica EPP kroz Srbiju

Primena numeričkog modela forme terena u progonozi površinskog oticanja

Surface runoff has recently been observed on the topographic map. The application of modern computer techniques in geodesy and hydrotechnics has expanded the possibility of surface runoff arrangement as well as for the formation of basic lines over the vector field.Površinsko oticanje se u zadnje vreme posmatra na topografskim mapama. Primena modernih kompjuterskih tehnika u geodeziji i hidrotehnici je dovelo do mogućnosti da se uredi površinsko oticanje i da se formiraju osnovne linije u vektorskom polju

Mineral Characterization of Soil Type Ranker Formed on Serpentines Occurring in Southern Belgrade Environs Bubanj Potok

The paper addresses the issue of health risk associated with the presence of chrysotile in the soil type ranker formed on massive serpentines occurring in the area of Bubanj Potok, a settlement located in the southern Belgrade environs, Serbia. Characterization of the ranker soil was conducted by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy figures showed regular shaped smectite (montmorillonite) particles, aggregates of chlorite, and elongated sheets of serpentines minerals antigorite. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of detrital mineral quartz polymorph as well as minor amounts of other mineral species. Micro-Raman spectroscopy identified the presence of dominant minerals, such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, muscovite, gypsum, calcite, albite, amphiboles (hornblende/kaersutite) and orthoclase. Important polymorph silica modifications of quartz, olivine (forsterite), pyroxene (enstatite/ferrosilite, diopside/hedenbergite), and serpentine (antigorite/lizardite/chrysotile) were identified

Recommendations for Stroke Management 2006 Update

This article brings an update of the Recommendations for Stroke Management, first published in this journal in 2001. The Recommendations are consistent with the Recommendations of three European societies represented Iri the European Stroke Initiative: the European Stroke Council, the European Neurological Society, and the European federation of Neurological Societies, and are in concordance with the Guidelines of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke, approved by the American Academy of Neurology. The Recommendations have been endorsed by the Croatian Society for Neurovascular Disorders of Croatian Medical Association, Croatian Stroke Society, and University Department of Neurology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital, Reference Center for Neurovascular Disorders of the Croatian Ministry of Health

Izbor i priprema zemljišta u brdskom području za gajenje vinove loze

In the present article, selection and preparation of soils for vine growing in highlands of Serbia have been studied, with a special stress on the selection and preparation of sloping grounds. It has been estimated that both in lower (0-200 m) and higher (200-500 m) altitude zones there are very favorable conditions for wine growing. Besides existing vineyards, in the highlands of Serbia, a new 20-30000 ha may be utilized for vineyard establishment and production of good quality table and wine grapes.Vinogradarski rejoni Srbije obuhvataju oblasti umereno-kontinentalne klime. Najveće površine vinograda nalaze se na nadmorskim visinama: - u Vojvodini 100-200 m - u centralnom području Srbije 200-400 m - na Kosovu i Metohiji 300-600 m Srednje godišnje temperature vazduha u vinogorjima Srbije variraju u intervalu 10.8-11.6°C, a srednja vegetaciona 16.7-17.2°C. Sume aktivnih temperatura su u intervalu 3.430-3.580°C i omogućavaju normalno sazrevanje grožđa ranih, srednjih, srednje poznih i poznih stonih i vinskih sorti. Donju granicu nadmorskih visina područja gajenja loze određuju minimalne temperature vazduha. Gornja granica je određena potrebnom sumom aktivnih i efektivnih temperatura za sazrevanje grožđa. Najpovoljnije su lokacije sa S, SW i SE ekspozicijom. Srbija se karakteriše veoma različitim tipovima zemljišta. Najviše vinograda je podignuto na zemljištima tipa: gajnjača, černozem u ogajnjačavanju, smonica u ogajnjačavanju, rudo zemljište na krečnjaku i smonica. Iz klase nerazvijenih zemljišta za vinograde se koriste: crni peskovi, sirozemi (laporni i lesni), kao i erodirana i deluvijalna zemljišta. Priprema zemljišta pre podizanja vinograda zavisi od osobina zemljišta i nagiba terena. Na nagnutim strmim zemljištima izrađuju se terase, čija širina zavisi od stepena nagiba i dubine zemljišta (soluma)

Optimization of number of sampling points required for studying the vineyard soil

High variability of pH on a very small scale has effects on growth of two grapevine varieties on rootstock Kober 5BB: Riesling and Pinot Noir. A number of 104 soil samples were taken from an experimental area from two depths. The aim of this experiment was to find the optimum number of samples for pH studies, and to implement the obtained results in further investigation on experimental fields. Therefore, in this paper, we compared three different deterministic interpolation techniques on the results of soil pH. Root mean square error statistics obtained after cross validation procedure was used for the choice of appropriate exponent value for these three techniques. The obtained interpolation parameters were used for mapping the field. Maps were classified and compared by means of area among classes of pH in respect to classes obtained after maximum sampling

Nanosilica/PMMA composites obtained by the modification of silica nanoparticles in a supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture

Nanosilica/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites are used to improve the mechanical properties of neat PMMA polymer. In order to obtain superior mechanical properties, it is essential to achieve good bonding between the SiO2 nanoparticles and the PMMA matrix, which is typically achieved by coating silica nanoparticles with silane coupling agents. In this study, conventional and supercritical coating methods were investigated together with their influence on the mechanical properties of the obtained nanosilica/PMMA composites. The results indicate advantageous properties of nanosilica modified in the supercritical phase of carbon dioxide and ethanol in terms of particle size distribution, amount of coated silane, and dispersion in the PMMA matrix. Careful dispersion of the starting silica nanoparticles in ethanol at low temperatures in order to obtain a nanosilica sol plays an important role in deagglomeration, dispersion, and the coating process. The resulting nanosilica/PMMA composite containing nanoparticles obtained by supercritical processing of the nanosilica sol showed an increase in hardness by 44.6% and elastic modulus by 25.7% relative to neat PMMA, as determined using the nanoindentation technique. The dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that addition of nanoparticles as nanosilica sol and nanosilica gel enhances composite storage modulus by about 54.3 and 46.5% at 40 A degrees C. At the same temperature, incorporation of modified silica nanoparticles with conventional method leads to an increase of 15.9% for the storage modulus, probably due to a large silica particle size and lower silane content in this sample

Transparent PMMA/silica nanocomposites containing silica nanoparticles coating under supercritical conditions

This work reports the preparation of PMMA/silica nanocomposites with high optical transparency and enhanced mechanical properties using a melt compounding method. The surface of SiO2 particles was modified with a gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane coupling agent in a supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture and by conventional procedure. Dispersion of silica nanoparticles in ethanol at low temperatures plays an important role in deagglomeration and dispersion of nanosilica, which leads to the optimal particle-matrix bonding in composites. The optimal mechanical and optical properties were found for composites loaded with 5 wt% silica nanoparticles treated under supercritical coating method

Dynamic mechanical properties of nanocomposites with poly (vinyl butyral) matrix

This work reports the preparation of SiO(2) and TiO(2)/poly (vinyl butyral) nanocomposites with enhanced dynamic mechanical properties. Silica and titania nanoparticles were introduced in the matrix as the neat powder and as colloidal sol using the melt mixing process. Composites reinforced with colloidal sol silica and titania showed higher mechanical properties than the ones reinforced with as-received particles. When sol TiO(2) particles are used, the highest increase of storage modulus of about 54% is obtained for 5 wt% loading, while for sol SiO(2), the storage modulus increases with the addition of nanosilica with the largest increase of about 99% for 7 wt% loading. In addition, nanocomposites were introduced within Kevlar/PVB composites. The addition of 5 wt% silica and titania colloidal sol lead to the remarkable increase of the storage modulus for about 98 and 65%, respectively. Largest contribution of nanoreinforcements in lowering the glass transition temperature is observed for 7 wt% loading of TiO(2) and SiO(2) colloidal sol

Mineral characterization of soil type ranker formed on serpentines occurring in southern Belgrade environs Bubanj Potok

The paper addresses the issue of health risk associated with the presence of chrysotile in the soil type ranker formed on massive serpentines occurring in the area of Bubanj Potok, a settlement located in the southern Belgrade environs, Serbia. Characterization of the ranker soil was conducted by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy figures showed regular shaped smectite (montmorillonite) particles, aggregates of chlorite, and elongated sheets of serpentines minerals antigorite. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of detrital mineral quartz polymorph as well as minor amounts of other mineral species. Micro-Raman spectroscopy identified the presence of dominant minerals, such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, muscovite, gypsum, calcite, albite, amphiboles (hornblende/kaersutite) and orthoclase. Important polymorph silica modifications of quartz, olivine (forsterite), pyroxene (enstatite/ferrosilite, diopside/hedenbergite), and serpentine (antigorite/lizardite/chrysotile) were identified