Morphological and Genetic Variability of the Mass Whitefish Forms in Lake Onega

In Lake Onega, the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus has been shown to occur as a variety of forms. Medium- and sparsely-ranked whitefish are most abundant. Analysis of available data indicates that whitefish populations from Karelia’s large lakes display the maximum values of various genetic variability indices. This fact seems to be due to the history of the colonization of the lake by the discrete evolutionary whitefish lineages from various Late Quaternary habitats followed by their hybridization. A great variety of Onega whitefish haplotypes is probably related to the genetic heterogeneity of the whitefish who until recently had occurred as five ecological forms ranking as subspecies. The median network obtained suggests that many of the populations studied have become less abundant. The well-defined “star-like” network structure is characteristic of populations that passed through a narrow “bottleneck” in the near past and then expanded rapidly, as indicated by the abundance of rare haplotype varieties. It seems that the retreat of the Scandinavian glacier was not a momentary event but took a long time during which the populations formed were subjected to demographic transformations

Groundwater compatibility with formation water and pay zone rocks in Pervomaysk oil-gas-condensate field to maintain formation pressure

The paper describes the research results in determining the compatibility of groundwater from Aptain-Albian-Cenomanian aquifer with formation water and pay zone rocks in U1 layer sediments, Pervomaysk oil field

Tendencies of interaction between Russian universities and companies implementing innovative development programs

The main aim of this article is to analyze key indicators and trends of global innovative development and their role in development. Attention is given to the consideration of several mechanisms of interaction between universities and state companies, with concrete measures and steps that can be used in economic policy. The authors analyze the real experience of the Russian economy now. Based on collected data for the total volume of R&D, revenues and the number of patents, regression models were constructed to determine the relationship between the named indicators. Recommendations and innovative ideas to improve the economic policy are given to achieve the goals and to justify the use of mechanisms of "compulsion to innovate" in state companies for the implementation of more productive development programs.peer-reviewe

Optimization of the laser beam propagation conditions in the prism stretcher of THL-100 multiterawatt laser system

The influence of the optical inhomogeneities effect of the prism stretcher elements on the spatial, angular and spectral parameters of the transmitted radiation and the degree of change in the phase aberrations of the laser beam during its propagation in the stretcher are studied. It is shown that the prism material does not allow transmitting of a required diameter of 75 mm without linear distortions of the beam. The maximum intensity and beam diameter allowing to amplify the picosecond pulses in XeF(C-A) amplifier are determined. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

Nanopowders Production and Micron-Sized Powders Spheroidization in DC Plasma Reactors

Technology for metal and inorganic compounds nanopowders production in DC arc plasma reactors has been developed. Similar DC arc plasma reactors were used for micron-sized powders spheroidization. Results of experimental studies are presented. Formation of nanoparticles via different mechanisms as well as mass transfer of nanopowders to the reactor cooling surfaces are discussed. Heat flux distribution along the reactor wall and its influence on the evolution of nanoparticles in the deposited layer are investigated. Effects of plasma torch and confined jet reactor operation parameters on the granulometric, phase and chemical composition of nanopowders are discussed. Potential of the confined plasma jet apparatus for micron-sized metal and composite particles spheroidization is demonstrated

SYSTEM OF LOAD DISTRIBUTION OF SHIP DIESEL GENERATORS BASED ON NEURAL NETWORKS

The dependence of the specific fuel consumption of the ship diesel-generator set on the generated electric power and the power factor is given. An algorithm for load distribution between parallel marine diesel generator sets is given, taking into account the dependencies of the specific fuel consumption on the generated power and the power factor of each marine diesel generator set. The possibility of using neural networks to solve the problem of minimizing the specific fuel consumption for parallel operation of ship diesel-generator sets in the steady state mode is considered. A neural network model for reducing fuel consumption is proposed by distributing the total electric load of a ship power plant between diesel generators operating in parallel. Such a model, based on the database obtained in the training process, which is implemented by microprocessor controllers with the algorithms of searching for a combination of capacities inherent in them for each of the parallel running generator, at which the minimum flow is reached, independently determines how it is necessary to load the units operating in parallel, to achieve a minimization of fuel consumption; and periodically checks the correspondence between the estimated (calculated) and the actual fuel costs, which ensures the control of the technical condition of the mechanisms

Allosteric Modulation Balances Thermodynamic Stability and Restores Function of ΔF508 CFTR

Most cystic fibrosis is caused by a deletion of a single residue (F508) in CFTR that disrupts the folding and biosynthetic maturation of the ion channel protein. Progress towards understanding the underlying mechanisms and overcoming the defect remain incomplete. Here we show that the thermal instability of human ΔF508 CFTR channel activity evident in both cell-attached membrane patches and planar phospholipid bilayers is not observed in corresponding mutant CFTRs of several non-mammalian species. These more stable orthologs are distinguished from their mammalian counterparts by the substitution of proline residues at several key dynamic locations in the first nucleotide domain (NBD1), including the structurally diverse region (SDR), the gamma phosphate switch loop and the Regulatory Insertion (RI). Molecular Dynamic analyses revealed that addition of the prolines could reduce flexibility at these locations and increase the temperatures of unfolding transitions of ΔF508 NBD1 to that of the wild-type. Introduction of these prolines experimentally into full-length human ΔF508 CFTR together with the already recognized I539T suppressor mutation, also in the SDR, restored channel function and thermodynamic stability as well as its trafficking to and lifetime at the cell surface. Thus, while cellular manipulations that circumvent its culling by quality control systems leave ΔF508 CFTR dysfunctional at physiological temperature, restoration of the delicate balance between the dynamic protein’s inherent stability and channel activity returns a near-normal state

Разработка алгоритмов и программного обеспечения систем управления движением роботизированного почвообрабатывающего агрегата

Abstract. Automation of agricultural machinery is aimed at solving specific practical tasks: control and maintenance of the technological process quality, increasing labor productivity as well as crop yields. The method of "precision farming" is economically expedient, since it is a direct saving of technological material, as well as it helps reducing the negative impact on the environment and farm produce. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to review and analyze the main aspects required to develop the algorithms and software for motion control systems for a robotic tillage unit. (Materials and methods) To implement process control, it is necessary to control the direction of travel along a specified path, change the speed of movement depending on the engine load, switching the transmission gears. Physical-and-mechanical characteristics of the unit are rather heterogeneous and depend on weather conditions. Therefore, the algorithm for controlling the power of the robotic mobile unit must take into account, as much as possible, variations in the external effects of drawbar properties and the motion resistance, as a random factor. (Results and discussion) The authors have developed an imitation model representing the movement of a robotic unit. For the simulation, use has been made of a cyclic trajectory of the unit movement, consisting of two types of sections: the rectilinear ones reflecting the soil tillage pattern, and the turn areas where the unit makes a turn along a curvilinear trajectory around a certain center. (Conclusions) The implementation of robotic technologies in agricultural production result in increased technical, technological, production and economic indicators of agricultural units in field work, increased labor productivity, reduced time required for fieldworks, more rational use of bioenergy resources, increased yields of agricultural crops and reduced environmental impacts.Реферат. Автоматизация сельскохозяйственной техники призвана решать конкретные практические задачи: контроль и поддержание качества выполнения технологического процесса, повышение производительности труда, увеличение урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур. Метод «точного земледелия» экономически целесообразен, так как способствует экономии технологического материала, снижению отрицательного воздействия на окружающую среду и производимую продукцию. (Цель исследования) Рассмотреть и проанализировать основные аспекты, необходимые при разработке алгоритмов и программного обеспечения систем управления движением роботизированного агрегата для пахотных работ. (Материалы и методы) Управление технологическим процессом включает руководство движением по заданной траектории, возможность изменения скорости движения в зависимости от загрузки двигателя, переключая передачу в трансмиссии. Физико-механические свойства агрегата существенно отличаются неоднородностью и зависят от погодных условий; алгоритм управления роботизированным мобильным агрегатом должен в максимальной степени учитывать вариации внешних воздействий сцепных свойств и сопротивлений движению в статусе случайных величин. (Результаты и обсуждение) Разработали имитационную модель, представляющую движение роботизированного агрегата. Выбрали цикличную траекторию перемещения агрегата, состоящую из двух видов участков: прямолинейных, на которых происходит обработка почвы, и участков разворота, где агрегат совершает разворот по криволинейной траектории вокруг некоторого центра. (Выводы) Внедрение роботизированных технологий в земледелие повышает технические, технологические, производственно-экономические показатели сельскохозяйственных агрегатов при проведении полевых работ, увеличивает производительность труда, сокращает сроки проведения работ, способствует рациональному использованию биоэнергетических ресурсов, повышает урожайность и снижает экологическую нагрузку на окружающую среду

Novel robust biomarkers for human bladder cancer based on activation of intracellular signaling pathways

Sherpa Romeo blue journal. Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (CC BY 3.0) applies.We recently proposed a new bioinformatic algorithm called OncoFinder for quantifying the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. It was proved advantageous for minimizing errors of high-throughput gene expression analyses and showed strong potential for identifying new biomarkers. Here, for the first time, we applied OncoFinder for normal and cancerous tissues of the human bladder to identify biomarkers of bladder cancer. Using Illumina HT12v4 microarrays, we profiled gene expression in 17 cancer and seven non-cancerous bladder tissue samples. These experiments were done in two independent laboratories located in Russia and Canada. We calculated pathway activation strength values for the investigated transcriptomes and identified signaling pathways that were regulated differently in bladder cancer (BC) tissues compared with normal controls. We found, for both experimental datasets, 44 signaling pathways that serve as excellent new biomarkers of BC, supported by high area under the curve (AUC) values. We conclude that the OncoFinder approach is highly efficient in finding new biomarkers for cancer. These markers are mathematical functions involving multiple gene products, which distinguishes them from “traditional” expression biomarkers that only assess concentrations of single genes.Ye