Thin films flowing down inverted substrates: Three dimensional flow

We study contact line induced instabilities for a thin film of fluid under destabilizing gravitational force in three dimensional setting. In the previous work (Phys. Fluids, {\bf 22}, 052105 (2010)), we considered two dimensional flow, finding formation of surface waves whose properties within the implemented long wave model depend on a single parameter, $D=(3Ca)^{1/3}\cot\alpha$, where $Ca$ is the capillary number and $\alpha$ is the inclination angle. In the present work we consider fully 3D setting and discuss the influence of the additional dimension on stability properties of the flow. In particular, we concentrate on the coupling between the surface instability and the transverse (fingering) instabilities of the film front. We furthermore consider these instabilities in the setting where fluid viscosity varies in the transverse direction. It is found that the flow pattern strongly depends on the inclination angle and the viscosity gradient

Element Accumulation Patterns of Native Plant Species under the Natural Geochemical Stress

A biogeochemical study of more than 20,000 soil and plant samples from the North Caucasus, Dzungarian Alatau, Kazakh Uplands, and Karatau Mountains revealed features of the chemical element uptake by the local flora. Adaptation of ore prospecting techniques alongside environmental approaches allowed the detection of geochemical changes in ecosystems, and the lessons learned can be embraced for soil phytoremediation. The data on the influence of phytogeochemical stress on the accumulation of more than 20 chemical elements by plants are considered in geochemical provinces, secondary fields of deposits, halos surrounding ore and nonmetallic deposits, zones of regional faults and schist formation, and over lithological contact lines of chemically contrasting rocks overlain by 5-20 m thick soils and unconsolidated cover. We have corroborated the postulate that the element accumulation patterns of native plants under the natural geochemical stress depend not only on the element content in soils and the characteristics of a particular species but also on the values of ionic radii and valences; with an increase in the energy coefficients of a chemical element, its plant accumulation decreases sharply. The contribution of internal factors to element uptake from solutions gives the way to soil phytoremediation over vast contaminated areas. The use of hyperaccumulating species for mining site soil treatment depends on several external factors that can strengthen or weaken the stressful situation, viz., the amount of bedrock exposure and thickness of unconsolidated rocks over ores, the chemical composition of ores and primary halos in ore-containing strata, the landscape and geochemical features of sites, and chemical element migration patterns in the supergene zone

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ОБЪЕКТОВ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ ФЕДЕРОЛЬНОГО ЗНАЧЕНИЯ

This article is supposed to make a professional analysis and assess the reliability of the historical buildings in Ryazan - an object of cultural heritage of federal importance “House of Saltykov-Shchedrin (Morozov) - 18th century”. On the basis of visual inspection and a large number of field studies using methods of ground-based laser scanning, photogrammetric method and other measuring instruments, areas of destruction and loss of the building were identified. According to the results of the analysis of archival documents and the processing of field work, a complex of architectural and archaeological measurement drawings was drawn up, on the basis of which further house restoration will be carried out without any damage to historical material. The article on a specific example provides brief archival information about the historical significance of the building, describes the methods and methods of the survey.Se supone que este artículo hace un análisis profesional y evalúa la confiabilidad de los edificios históricos en Ryazan, un objeto del patrimonio cultural de importancia federal "Casa de Saltykov-Shchedrin (Morozov) - Siglo XVIII". Sobre la base de la inspección visual y un gran número de estudios de campo que utilizan métodos de escaneo láser en tierra, el método fotogramétrico y otros instrumentos de medición, se identificaron áreas de destrucción y pérdida del edificio. De acuerdo con los resultados del análisis de documentos de archivo y el procesamiento del trabajo de campo, se diseñó un complejo de planos de mediciones arquitectónicas y arqueológicas, sobre la base de la cual se llevará a cabo una restauración adicional de la casa sin dañar el material histórico. El artículo sobre un ejemplo específico proporciona información breve de archivo sobre el significado histórico del edificio, describe los métodos y los métodos de la encuesta.В данной статье предполагается сделать профессиональный анализ и оценить надежность здания исторической застройки г. Рязани – объект культурного наследия федерального значения «Дом Салтыкова-Щедрина (Морозова)-XVIII в.». На основе визуального обследования и большого количества натурных исследований методами наземного лазерного сканирования, фотограмметрическим методом и другими измерительными приборами было выявлены участки разрушений и утраты здания. По результатам анализа архивных документов и обработки полевых работ стал комплекс архитектурно-археологических обмерных чертежей, на основе которого будет дальнейшая реставрация дома без какого-либо ущерба историческому материалу. В статье на конкретном примере приводятся краткие архивные сведения об исторической значимости здания, описаны методы и способы обследования

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA AND CONSTIPATION PREDOMINANT IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: CLINICAL FEATURES AND EFFICACY OF LACTULOSE AND ITOPRIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

Background: The frequent coexistence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with functional dyspepsia (FD) and an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been described in the literature. Aim: To study the specific features of GERD clinical course and diagnosis in patients with GERD in combination with FD and constipation predominant IBS (IBS-C) in comparison to patients with isolated GERD; to assess the efficacy of lactulose and itopride hydrochloride. Materials and methods: A total of 60 patients with GERD, FD (Rome criteria III), and IBS-C (Rome criteria III) and 29 patients with isolated GERD were examined. GERD diagnosis was based on clinical, endoscopic, and pH-metric criteria. For 4 weeks 10 patients with combination of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), FD and IBS-C received lactulose monotherapy and other 10 patients received combination of lactulose with itopride hydrochloride. Clinical symptoms and pH-metric parameters were assessed before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results: Combination of GERD, FD and IBS-C was noted more frequently in women under 40 with normal body mass index (р<0.05). Classic GERD symptoms were absent in 43.4% of patients with gastrointestinal comorbidity and in 10.3% of patients with isolated GERD (р=0.004). A higher prevalence of belching and nausea was found in patients, suffering from GERD, FD and IBS-C, than in those with isolated GERD (р<0.05). After 4-week lactulose and itopride hydrochloride treatment all the patients with GERD, FD and IBS-C showed a reduction of clinical symptoms (p<0.05) and normalization of pH-metric parameters (р<0.001). Conclusion: GERD course in patients with concomitant FD and IBS-C has the following peculiarities: predominance of women, absence of classic GERD-symptoms in almost half of these patients, and frequent combination with other functional symptoms. Combination therapy with lactulose and itopride hydrochloride enables successful control of GERD and FD symptoms as well as esophageal pH normalization

Three-dimensional localized coherent structures of surface turbulence. III Experiment and model validation

The paper continues a series of publications devoted to the 3D nonlinear localized coherent structures on the surface of vertically falling liquid films. The work is primarily focussed on experimental investigations. We study: (i) instabilities and transitions leading to 3D coherent structures; (ii) characteristics of these structures. Some nonstationary effects are also studied numerically. Our experimental results, as well as the results of other investigators, are in a good agreement with our theoretical and numerical predictions.Comment: 42 pages, 15 figure