Practical possibilities in using q SOFA scale by Emergency Medical Teams

Sepsis is a life-threatening dysfunction of the body that causes a host to respond incorrectly to an infection. Sepsis and septic shock are a major health issue affecting millions of people each year worldwide. Every fourth person with sepsis dies. Multi-organ trauma, acute myocardial infarction or stroke, early diagnosis and management in the first hours after the onset of sepsis improve survival rate. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scale is mainly used to assess sepsis. SOFA helps medical staff to assess the risk of morbidity and mortality due to sepsis. The basic parameters of SOFA are: assessment of the respiratory system based on partial oxygen pressure in the blood (PaO2), assessment of the nervous system based on the Glasgow Coma scale (GCS), assessment of the cardiovascular system based on the average blood pressure or after vasopressor administration (any dose), assessment of liver function based on the level of bilirubin in the blood, assessment of kidney function based on the level of creatinine in the urine, assessment of blood clotting based on the amount of thrombocytes contained in the plasma. This scale is used in hospital settings. qSOFA (Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score) is a simplified version of the SOFA score as the first way to identify high-risk patients due to poor results associated with infection. qSOFA simplifies the SOFA score drastically, taking into account only three clinical criteria and introducing "any change" instead of requiring GCS ≤13. It uses three criteria, assigning one point for low blood pressure (SBP ≤100 mmHg), high respiratory rate (≥ 22 breaths per minute) or changed mentation (GC

The war continues not only on the front: a broader look at PTSD in the context of the Russian invasion and its impact on Ukrainian citizens – systematic rewiev

Russia's aggression against Ukraine is undoubtedly a tragic event that will bring various, often difficult to predict, consequences at many levels of functioning. Certainly, the mental health of war victims faces many challenges. The mental health crisis that occurs during war is a public health problem.28 One of the main disorders that appear in people directly or indirectly related to war is PTSD. It arises as a result of experiencing extremely dangerous, terrifying events that go beyond one's ability to cope and is manifested by symptoms such as: obsessive, persistent re-experiencing of traumatic events, avoidance of factors causing a "return" to traumatic memories, excessive arousal and a sense of constant threats.8, 10 Many factors influence the occurrence of PTSD. It is extremely important to look at the reasons that make it difficult to obtain support. mental health and improving the support system. Ukrainian children and youth deserve special attention here. A developing young society must face particularly great challenges, and it is their mental well-being that guarantees better development of the entire nation. Every effort must be made to ensure that citizens of a country at war receive adequate support. We have many methods of help, from basic emergency support, through a wide range of psychotherapy, to medications in the most severe cases. Additionally, the knowledge of the existence of a phenomenon such as post-traumatic growth may give hope and motivation to act to people in mental crisis struggling with symptoms of PTSD. However, the war continues and there will be more and more victims struggling with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health disorders. We cannot determine at this point how much damage this conflict will cause. However, it is worth acting now to prevent and limit the tragic consequences of the situation in which Ukraine finds itself.

Konteksty wychowania i edukacji a kształcenie nauczycieli w rzeczywistości ponowoczesnej

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

Mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke – Five years of experience in Poland

Objectives Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is not reimbursed by the Polish public health system. We present a description of 5 years of experience with MT in acute stroke in Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs) in Poland. Methods and results We retrospectively analyzed the results of a structured questionnaire from 23 out of 25 identified CSCs and 22 data sets that include 61 clinical, radiological and outcome measures. Results Most of the CSCs (74%) were founded at University Hospitals and most (65.2%) work round the clock. In 78.3% of them, the working teams are composed of neurologists and neuro-radiologists. All CSCs perform CT and angio-CT before MT. In total 586 patients were subjected to MT and data from 531 of them were analyzed. Mean time laps from stroke onset to groin puncture was 250±99min. 90.3% of the studied patients had MT within 6h from stroke onset; 59.3% of them were treated with IV rt-PA prior to MT; 15.1% had IA rt-PA during MT and 4.7% – emergent stenting of a large vessel. M1 of MCA was occluded in 47.8% of cases. The Solitaire device was used in 53% of cases. Successful recanalization (TICI2b–TICI3) was achieved in 64.6% of cases and 53.4% of patients did not experience hemorrhagic transformation. Clinical improvement on discharge was noticed in 53.7% of cases, futile recanalization – in 30.7%, mRS of 0–2 – in 31.4% and mRS of 6 in 22% of cases. Conclusion Our results can help harmonize standards for MT in Poland according to international guidelines

Economic crisis and its influence on competitiveness of Portugal

Głównym celem pracy było wskazanie przyczyn kryzysu gospodarczego jednego z najbardziej zadłużonych państw Unii Europejskiej – Portugalii. Pierwszy rozdział zawiera teoretyczne zagadnienia dotyczące kryzysów gospodarczych. W rozdziale II dokonano przeglądu gospodarki portugalskiej w ostatnich dziesięciu latach. Jako narzędzie analizy wykorzystano model pięciokąta stabilizacji makroekonomicznej, badając mierniki takie jak: stopa wzrostu gospodarczego, stopa bezrobocia, stopa inflacji, procentowe saldo budżetu państwa do PKB oraz procentowe saldo obrotów bieżących do PKB. W ostatnim rozdziale wyszczególniono przyczyny kryzysu gospodarczego w Portugalii oraz dokonano oceny konkurencyjności portugalskiej gospodarki na podstawie trzech różnych rankingów.The main objective of this theses was to show the reasons of economic crisis in one of the most indebted countries in European Union – Portugal. The first chapter consists of theoretical information about economic crises. Chapter II includes the review of Portuguese economy in the last ten years. As a tool of this analysis the author of this study has chosen PSM model, using indicators such as: economic growth, unemployment rate, inflation rate, budget deficit and current account balance. In the last chapter main reasons of economic crisis in Portugal have been shown and the competitiveness of Portugal has been evaluated based on three different rankings

Atomic polarization justified Fukui indices and the affinity indicators in aromatic heterocycles and nucleobases

Atomic Fukui indices have been calculated by integration of the polarization justified Fukui functions over the atomic basins. Resulting indices have been explored in the definition of the atomic and group affinity indicator and softnesses on the ground of the formal analysis of the polarization effect. These indicators combine the effect of the atomic charge and atomic Fukui index. They are potentially applicable in testing a sensing effect on a molecule induced by an approaching point agent, nucleophilic (−) or electrophilic (+), at a distance in the order of v.d. Waals radii. Calculated atomic and group affinity and softness indicators have been proved to be consistent with the well established trends of reactivity for a control group of the five-atom-ring heterocycles (imidazole, oxazole, thiazole). The indices have been applied to the set of 5 nucleobases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracyl), whose diverse reactivity towards electrophiles has been recognized as a key factor determining the sensitivity of DNA to cytotoxic agents. The pairing effect of the nucleobases bases in the DNA chain and the experimental trends of the site reactivity of these molecules have been properly accounted for by the calculated indicators

Possibility of spraying of copper coatings on polyamide 6 with low pressure cold spray method

International audienc

Association between intestinal and antioxidant barriers in children with cancer

Objective: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in cancerogenesis processing and damage tissues. Furthermore, oncological treatment may impair proper function of the gut barrier. The aim of this study was to measure intestinal permeability in children in clinical remission for solid tumours and to search for a possible relationship between free radicals and the intestinal barrier. No such investigation in children has been reported so far. Research Methods and Procedures: The prospective study consisted of 19 paediatric patients with cancer after completion of chemotherapy. 32 healthy children from the outpatients clinics were recruited for measurement of intestinal permeability and antioxidant barrier as a control group. Intestinal permeability was assessed by measurement of urinary lactulose and mannitol after oral challenge. Antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in erythrocytes were assessed. Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) concentration was measured in serum. Results: Cancer patients excreted less mannitol and more lactulose versus controls. The ratio of lactulose to mannitol was significantly higher in oncological children vs control (mean 0.188 and 0.0453, respectively, p=0.0006,). Significantly higher IMA level in the oncological group vs control was noted (mean 123.8 and 87.3 U/ml, respectively, p=0.0037). No correlation between intestinal permeability and oxidative stress barrier was found. Conclusions: Our data shows that intestinal barrier is damaged in paediatric cancer patients after chemotherapy. IMA is believed to play a protective role in the defence against tissue damage. No correlation was found between these two barriers