Određivanje hlapljivih aromatskih ugljikovodika, enzima matriks metaloproteinaze-9 i imunološkog statusa kao pokazatelja razvoja bolesti okoliša : doktorski rad

Cilj istraživanja: Čimbenici koji dovode do patogeneze i razvoja bolesti okoliša još uvijek nisu u dovoljnoj mjeri poznati. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija pod pojmom bolesti okoliša opisuje bolesti primarno uzrokovane onečišćenjem zraka i vode, kemijskim i fizikalnim čimbenicima, radijacijom, kontaminiranom hranom i direktnim kontaktom s toksinima kojima smo izloţeni u prirodnoj i/ili radnoj sredini, te je njihova učestalost u razvijenim zemljama zapada u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća u velikom porastu. Cilj ovog istraţivanja bio je ispitati mogućnost odreĎivanja pokazatelja razvoja bolesti okoliša: hlapljivih aromatskih ugljikovodika, enzima matriks metaloproteinaze-9 i imunološkog statusa. Ispitanici i metode: Ispitivanja smo vršili u profesionalno izloţenih djelatnika hlapljivim aromatskim ugljikovodicima (brodogradilišta Viktor Lenac u Rijeci i Kraljevica u Kraljevici) u odnosu na stanovnike urbanog (Rijeka) i ruralnog područja (Mali Lošinj). Procjenu imunološkog statusa vršili smo protočnom citometrijom i odreĎivali fenotipsku pripadnost mononuklearnih stanica periferne krvi, te unutarstaničnim bojanjem citolitički potencijal ovih stanica. Metodu enzimskog imunoeseja (ELISA) koristili smo se za odreĎivanje izraţaja enzima matriks metaloproteinaze-9 (MMP-9), a plinsku kromatografiju za odreĎivanje BTEX-a (benzen, toluen, m/p ksilen i o-ksilen). Statistički podaci su izračunati uz pomoć kompjuterskog programa Statistica 7.1. Grafički i tabelarni prikaz učinjen je koristeći Excel program. Rezultati: profesionalno izloţena skupina ima statistički značajno povišene vrijednosti MMP-9 i BTEX-a u urinu, kao i ukupni perforin, te postotak stanica uroĎene imunosti (NKT i T regulacijskih stanica), dok su vrijednosti NK stanica i CD56+P+ stanica statistički značajno sniţene. Zaključak: Naši rezultati su pokazali veliki porast enzima MMP-9 i BTEX-a u urinu djelatnika profesionalno izloţenih hlapljivim aromatskim ugljikovodicima, udruţen s porastom stanica uroĎene imunosti (NKT i T regulacijskih stanica) u perifernoj krvi, čije praćenje bi moglo pridonijeti ranijem otkrivanju bolesti okoliša s posljedičnim ranijim i učinkovitijim liječenjem.Aim: Factors that lead pathogenesis and to development of environmental diseases are still not sufficiently known. World Health Organization under the term environmental illness describes the disease primarily caused by pollution of air and water, chemical and physical agents, radiation, contaminated food and direct contact with the toxins we are exposed to natural and / or working environment, and their prevalence in developed West countries in past few decades are increased. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of determining indicators of disease development environment: volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 and immune status. Patients and methods: We performed in workers occupationally exposed to volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (shipyard Viktor Lenac in Rijeka and Kraljevica in Kraljevica) compared to urban residents (Rijeka) and rural areas (Mali Lošinj). Assessment of immune status were done by flow cytometry and determined the phenotypic association with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, intracellular staining and cytolytic potential of these cells. The method of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) were used to determine enzyme expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and gas chromatography for determination of BTEX (benzene, toluene, m / p xylene and o-xylene). Statistical data were calculated using computer program Statistica 7.1. Graphical and tabular presentation was made by using the Excel program. Results: The occupationally exposed group had a statistically significantly elevated levels of MMP-9 and BTEX in the urine, and total perforin, and the percentage of cells of innate immunity (NKT and T regulatory cells), while the value of NK cells and CD56 +P+ cells significantly reduced. Conclusion: Our results showed a large increase in the enzyme MMP-9 and BTEX in the urine of workers occupationally exposed to volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, accompanied by growth of cells of innate immunity (NKT and T regulatory cells) in peripheral blood, which could contribute to the monitoring, early detection of environmental diseases and consequent earlier and more effective treatment

Određivanje hlapljivih aromatskih ugljikovodika, enzima matriks metaloproteinaze-9 i imunološkog statusa kao pokazatelja razvoja bolesti okoliša : doktorski rad

Cilj istraživanja: Čimbenici koji dovode do patogeneze i razvoja bolesti okoliša još uvijek nisu u dovoljnoj mjeri poznati. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija pod pojmom bolesti okoliša opisuje bolesti primarno uzrokovane onečišćenjem zraka i vode, kemijskim i fizikalnim čimbenicima, radijacijom, kontaminiranom hranom i direktnim kontaktom s toksinima kojima smo izloţeni u prirodnoj i/ili radnoj sredini, te je njihova učestalost u razvijenim zemljama zapada u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća u velikom porastu. Cilj ovog istraţivanja bio je ispitati mogućnost odreĎivanja pokazatelja razvoja bolesti okoliša: hlapljivih aromatskih ugljikovodika, enzima matriks metaloproteinaze-9 i imunološkog statusa. Ispitanici i metode: Ispitivanja smo vršili u profesionalno izloţenih djelatnika hlapljivim aromatskim ugljikovodicima (brodogradilišta Viktor Lenac u Rijeci i Kraljevica u Kraljevici) u odnosu na stanovnike urbanog (Rijeka) i ruralnog područja (Mali Lošinj). Procjenu imunološkog statusa vršili smo protočnom citometrijom i odreĎivali fenotipsku pripadnost mononuklearnih stanica periferne krvi, te unutarstaničnim bojanjem citolitički potencijal ovih stanica. Metodu enzimskog imunoeseja (ELISA) koristili smo se za odreĎivanje izraţaja enzima matriks metaloproteinaze-9 (MMP-9), a plinsku kromatografiju za odreĎivanje BTEX-a (benzen, toluen, m/p ksilen i o-ksilen). Statistički podaci su izračunati uz pomoć kompjuterskog programa Statistica 7.1. Grafički i tabelarni prikaz učinjen je koristeći Excel program. Rezultati: profesionalno izloţena skupina ima statistički značajno povišene vrijednosti MMP-9 i BTEX-a u urinu, kao i ukupni perforin, te postotak stanica uroĎene imunosti (NKT i T regulacijskih stanica), dok su vrijednosti NK stanica i CD56+P+ stanica statistički značajno sniţene. Zaključak: Naši rezultati su pokazali veliki porast enzima MMP-9 i BTEX-a u urinu djelatnika profesionalno izloţenih hlapljivim aromatskim ugljikovodicima, udruţen s porastom stanica uroĎene imunosti (NKT i T regulacijskih stanica) u perifernoj krvi, čije praćenje bi moglo pridonijeti ranijem otkrivanju bolesti okoliša s posljedičnim ranijim i učinkovitijim liječenjem.Aim: Factors that lead pathogenesis and to development of environmental diseases are still not sufficiently known. World Health Organization under the term environmental illness describes the disease primarily caused by pollution of air and water, chemical and physical agents, radiation, contaminated food and direct contact with the toxins we are exposed to natural and / or working environment, and their prevalence in developed West countries in past few decades are increased. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of determining indicators of disease development environment: volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 and immune status. Patients and methods: We performed in workers occupationally exposed to volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (shipyard Viktor Lenac in Rijeka and Kraljevica in Kraljevica) compared to urban residents (Rijeka) and rural areas (Mali Lošinj). Assessment of immune status were done by flow cytometry and determined the phenotypic association with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, intracellular staining and cytolytic potential of these cells. The method of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) were used to determine enzyme expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and gas chromatography for determination of BTEX (benzene, toluene, m / p xylene and o-xylene). Statistical data were calculated using computer program Statistica 7.1. Graphical and tabular presentation was made by using the Excel program. Results: The occupationally exposed group had a statistically significantly elevated levels of MMP-9 and BTEX in the urine, and total perforin, and the percentage of cells of innate immunity (NKT and T regulatory cells), while the value of NK cells and CD56 +P+ cells significantly reduced. Conclusion: Our results showed a large increase in the enzyme MMP-9 and BTEX in the urine of workers occupationally exposed to volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, accompanied by growth of cells of innate immunity (NKT and T regulatory cells) in peripheral blood, which could contribute to the monitoring, early detection of environmental diseases and consequent earlier and more effective treatment

Determination of Enzyme Matrix Metalloproteinases-9 and Immune Status as Indicators of Development of the Environmental Diseases

The majority of environmental diseases are multifactorial airway illnesses, including genetic background and exposure to different kind of airborne irritants and allergens. Altered lifestyle and changes in environmental exposures contribute to the occurring of these diseases. The term of environmental illnesses includes the disease primarily caused by pollution of air and water, chemical and physical agents, radiation, contaminated food and direct contact with the toxins we are exposed to natural and/or working environment. The members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. MMPs comprise a large family of structurally related zinc metalloendopeptidases with different substrate specificities and possibilities to degrade protein constituents of the extracellular matrix. We investigated immunological status and level of MMP-9 in workers occupationally exposed to volatile aromatic hydrocarbons compared to urban residents and rural areas. The phenotypic profiles of peripheral blood lymphocytes were done by flow cytometry. The method of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was used to determine enzyme expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The occupationally exposed group had a significantly elevated level of enzyme MMP-9 in the urine, accompanied with augmentation of cells of innate immunity in peripheral blood, which could contribute to the monitoring, early detection of environmental diseases and consequent earlier and more effective treatment

The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the development of environmental diseases

Bolesti uzrokovane čimbenicima okoliša obuhvaćaju poremećaje koji su uzrokovani različitim okolišnim čimbenicima te promjenama ponašanja stanovnika. Urbana područja diljem svijeta suočavaju se s velikim brojem čimbenika okoliša koji utječu na javno zdravlje, kao što su onečišćenje zraka, voda, buka, polutanti, gustoća prometa, prenapučenost u gradovima, smanjenje zelenih površina, itd. Pravovremeno otkrivanje i kvantifikacija rizičnih čimbenika okoliša, koji utječu na javno zdravlje, veoma je važna jer svaka intervencija na ovom području može smanjiti rizik od obolijevanja i poboljšati zdravlje stanovništva. Unutarstanične matriks metaloproteinaze (MMPs) lokalizirane su u različitim odjeljcima unutar stanice uključujući citosol, sarkomeru, mitohondrije i jezgru. Intracelularne MMPs pridonose patogenezi različitih bolesti. Cilj ovog preglednog rada je istražiti uloge matriks metaloproteinaza u razvoju bolesti respiracijskog sustava uzrokovanih čimbenicima okoliša te važnost njihovog određivanja kao potencijalnih pokazatelja ranih tkivnih oštećenja u ljudi. MMP su se dokazale, uz imunološki status, kao dobar biljeg za praćenje bolesti uzrokovanih čimbenicima okoliša. Osim u dijagnostici i monitoringu bolesti uzrokovanih čimbenicima okoliša, MMPs i njihovi tkivni inhibitori (TIMP, engl. tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase) predstavljaju potencijalni cilj liječenja.The incidence of environmental diseases, especially in highly developed industrial countries, has increased by more than 30% in the last few decades. These diseases represent a burden for both the individual and public health. Many of them (asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases) are a major public health problem, and it is necessary to identify harmful environmental factors, determine the mechanisms of their action, find adequate markers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. By doing that better preventive and therapeutic effects can be achieved. In order to prevent the development of environmental diseases and to preserve environmental health in addition to knowing mechanisms by which harmful compounds enter the ecosystem (e.g. unintentional discharge, waste disposal, operation of industrial plants, transport) toxic kinetics is also important, i.e. absorption, biological conversion, distribution and excretion of harmful compounds and their metabolites from the organism. Intracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are localized in various compartments within the cell including the cytosol, sarcomere, mitochondria, and nucleus. Intracellular MMPs contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. These include diseases with altered immune responses, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, inflammation, renal disorders, and malignant diseases. MMPs have antiviral and bactericidal effects and can act intracellularly through protease-dependent mechanisms. In addition to their immune status they are proven to be a good marker for monitoring environmental diseases. In addition to diagnosing and monitoring environmental diseases, MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) represent a potential treatment goal

Determination of Enzyme Matrix Metalloproteinases-9 and Immune Status as Indicators of Development of the Environmental Diseases

The majority of environmental diseases are multifactorial airway illnesses, including genetic background and exposure to different kind of airborne irritants and allergens. Altered lifestyle and changes in environmental exposures contribute to the occurring of these diseases. The term of environmental illnesses includes the disease primarily caused by pollution of air and water, chemical and physical agents, radiation, contaminated food and direct contact with the toxins we are exposed to natural and/or working environment. The members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. MMPs comprise a large family of structurally related zinc metalloendopeptidases with different substrate specificities and possibilities to degrade protein constituents of the extracellular matrix. We investigated immunological status and level of MMP-9 in workers occupationally exposed to volatile aromatic hydrocarbons compared to urban residents and rural areas. The phenotypic profiles of peripheral blood lymphocytes were done by flow cytometry. The method of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was used to determine enzyme expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The occupationally exposed group had a significantly elevated level of enzyme MMP-9 in the urine, accompanied with augmentation of cells of innate immunity in peripheral blood, which could contribute to the monitoring, early detection of environmental diseases and consequent earlier and more effective treatment

Water for all : Proceedings of the 7th international scientific and professional conference Water for all

The 7th International Scientific and Professional Conference Water for all is organized to honour the World Water Day by the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, European Hygienic Engineering & Design Group (EHEDG), Danube Parks, Croatian Food Agency, Croatian Water, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Chemistry, Nature Park “Kopački rit”, Osijek- Baranja County, Public Health Institute of the Osijek- Baranja County and „Vodovod-Osijek“ -water supply company in Osijek. The topic of World Water Day 2017 was "Wastewater" emphasizing the importance and influence of wastewater treatments on global environment. The international scientific and professional conference Water for all is a gathering of scientists and experts in the field of water management, including chemists, biologists, civil and agriculture engineers, with a goal to remind people about the significance of fresh water and to promote an interdisciplinary approach and sustainability for fresh water resource management. The Conference has been held since 2011. About 300 scientists and engineers submitted 95 abstracts to the 7th International Scientific and Professional Conference Water for all, out of which 33 was presented orally and 62 as posters. 47 full papers were accepted by the Scientific Committee. 38 full papers became the part of the this Proceedings while 9 papers were accepted for publication in Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology and Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek - e-GFOS

Immunomodulation of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity after Chronic Exposure to Vapors

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells represent two major types of immune cytotoxic cells that have a crucial role in innate immunity. Urban air pollution represents a common and difficult problem in the majority of metropolises, which contain high levels of trafficcongestion generating great amounts of genotoxic substances. Diesel exhaust particles act as adjuvant in the immune response and may lead to the enhancement of proinflammatory and proallergic response without exposure to allergen. The activities of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and their benzene extracts may cause the increasing respiratory mortality and morbidity. Since the lung inflammatory response to DEPs is compartmentalized, the importance of finding the suppressive substances, whose function will be to elucidate the DEPs effects, is fundamental. The objectives of this study were to examine the NK-mediated cytotoxicity against human NK-sensitive target, as well as the values of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers) in urine in people from industrial area and those from rural fields. NK-mediated cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was investigated against human NK-sensitive K-562 tumor cell line. BTEX were analyzed from urine by a HS-SPME method. All exposed individuals were demonstrated the significant decreased of NK-mediated cytotoxicity against human NK-sensitive target and increasing BTEX values. BTEX-analyze in urine and determination of NK-mediated cytotoxicity, as an important methods represent good markers in environmental monitoring, which contribute to the better protection of air pollutants and quicker diagnosis of environmental diseases

Bathing seawater quality in Opatija area 2001 – 2016

Kakvoća mora za kupanje jedan je od ključnih elemenata turističke ponude priobalnih destinacija. Tijekom gotovo tri desetljeća provedbe nacionalnog programa monitoringa hrvatske obale Jadrana mijenjala se zakonska legislativa, način statističke obrade podataka i kriteriji ocjenjivanja. Ovaj rad prikazuje rezultate mikrobiološke kakvoće, koji su jednoznačno statistički obrađeni, na način propisan aktualnom Uredbom (NN 73/2008). Time je omogućena slika kakvoće mora za kupanje na području Opatije na dužoj vremenskoj skali. Rad daje prikaz kakvoće mora na plažama Opatijskog područja (18 lokacija) u šesnaestogodišnjem periodu od 2001. do 2016. Najveće mikrobiološko opterećenje evidentirano je na lokacijama Hotela Kristal i kupališta Slatina, a najmanje na kupalištu Puntica. Također, opisan je slučaj pojave onečišćenja mora na području kupališta Slatina u 2013. g., višeinstitucionalni angažman rješavanja ovog problema, provedba dodatnog monitoringa izvan sezone 2013./2014. (ukupno 325 uzoraka), mjere sanacije kao i rezultati provedenih mjera. Rezultati rutinskog monitoringa pokazali su da je ukupna kakvoća mora na području Opatije u promatranom razdoblju bila najlošija u godinama 2001. i 2002., te 2013., kada je zabilježena pojava onečišćenja kupališta Slatina. Nakon puštanja u rad Uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda u Ičićima (2012.), sanacije oštećenja na tlačnom vodu (2013.), more je na svim opatijskim lokacijama izvrsne kakvoće

Bathing seawater quality in Opatija area 2001 – 2016

Kakvoća mora za kupanje jedan je od ključnih elemenata turističke ponude priobalnih destinacija. Tijekom gotovo tri desetljeća provedbe nacionalnog programa monitoringa hrvatske obale Jadrana mijenjala se zakonska legislativa, način statističke obrade podataka i kriteriji ocjenjivanja. Ovaj rad prikazuje rezultate mikrobiološke kakvoće, koji su jednoznačno statistički obrađeni, na način propisan aktualnom Uredbom (NN 73/2008). Time je omogućena slika kakvoće mora za kupanje na području Opatije na dužoj vremenskoj skali. Rad daje prikaz kakvoće mora na plažama Opatijskog područja (18 lokacija) u šesnaestogodišnjem periodu od 2001. do 2016. Najveće mikrobiološko opterećenje evidentirano je na lokacijama Hotela Kristal i kupališta Slatina, a najmanje na kupalištu Puntica. Također, opisan je slučaj pojave onečišćenja mora na području kupališta Slatina u 2013. g., višeinstitucionalni angažman rješavanja ovog problema, provedba dodatnog monitoringa izvan sezone 2013./2014. (ukupno 325 uzoraka), mjere sanacije kao i rezultati provedenih mjera. Rezultati rutinskog monitoringa pokazali su da je ukupna kakvoća mora na području Opatije u promatranom razdoblju bila najlošija u godinama 2001. i 2002., te 2013., kada je zabilježena pojava onečišćenja kupališta Slatina. Nakon puštanja u rad Uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda u Ičićima (2012.), sanacije oštećenja na tlačnom vodu (2013.), more je na svim opatijskim lokacijama izvrsne kakvoće