Export structure and growth : a detailed analysis for Argentina

This paper examines recent changes in the structure of Argentine exports and the implications for future growth. The authors find that the current export structure of Argentina is not conducive to future growth because it is dominated by low-productivity goods that tend to be exported by low-income countries. The productivity content of Argentine exports has increased recently although, as of 2004, these changes have been relatively minor. The authors identify products with characteristics similar to those currently exported by Argentina and which are morelikely to foster growth because they would shift the structure of exports more the efficiency frontier. Those products include chemicals and primary products with some degree of value added, including partly processed meat, fish and grains. If economic growth is to be fostered by developing new export products and by increasing the value added of existing exports, there will be a need for sector-specific analysis to address possible market failures. The analysis should focus on issues such as the provision of public goods needed for production (including infrastructure, but also complex intangibles such as sector-specific legislation), possible impediments to effective coordination, sector-specific and economy wide externalities, or barriers to information. This last source of potential market failure is critical to a successful policy framework for exports and growth.Economic Theory&Research,Transport Economics Policy&Planning,Tax Law,Water and Industry,Agribusiness&Markets

La iluminación del logos : una exégesis a partir de Juan 1, 9

La simbología de la luz ha tenido un uso arquetípico en las diversas culturas. En este trabajo nos sumergimos en ese universo luminoso desde una perspectiva bíblica, teológica e histórica. El referente que guiará el desarrollo de la indagación por las diversas fuentes será el versículo 9 del Prólogo del cuarto evangelio: “era la luz verdadera que ilumina a todo ser humano viniendo a este mundo” (Ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν, ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον, ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον), al lado de lo que popularmente se ha comprendido como alumbramiento para referirse a lo experimentado por una mujer en el momento de dar a luz. La semejanza entre iluminar, dar a luz y alumbrar, generó en nosotros una serie de preguntas que logramos sintetizaron en la siguiente pregunta problémica: ¿se puede establecer una relación analógica entre la iluminación de la luz verdadera a todo ser humano en Jn 1, 9 y el alumbramiento biológico? La búsqueda por responder a esta pregunta desde las fuentes bíblicas, teológicas e históricas, conforma el cuerpo de este trabajo.The symbology of light has had an archetypal use in different cultures. In this work we immerse ourselves in this luminous universe from a biblical, theological and historical perspective. The reference that will guide the development of the inquiry from the various sources will be verse 9 of the Foreword of the Fourth Gospel: "it was the true light that enlightens every human being coming into this world" (Ἦν τὸ φῶς τἀ ἀληθινόν, ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον , Ἐρχόμενον εἰςτὸν κόσμον), alongside what has been popularly understood as birth to refer to what a woman experienced at the moment of giving birth. The similarity between illuminating, giving birth and giving light, generated in us a series of questions that we have synthesized in the following problematic question: can an analogical relation be established between the illumination of the true light to every human being in Jn 1, 9 and biological delivery? The search for answering this question from the biblical, theological and historical sources, forms the body of this work.Teólogo (a)Pregrad

Cyt c6-3: A new isoform of photosynthetic Cyt c6 exclusive to heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria

All known cyanobacteria contain Cyt c6, a small soluble electron carrier protein whose main function is to transfer electrons from the Cyt b6 f complex to PSI, although it is also involved in respiration. We have previously described a second isoform of this protein, the Cyt c6-like, whose function remains unknown. Here we describe a third isoform of Cyt c6 (here called Cytc6-3), which is only found in heterocyst- forming filamentous cyanobacteria. Cyt c6-3 is expressed in vegetative cells but is specifically repressed in heterocysts cells under diazotrophic growth conditions. Although there is a close structural similarity between Cyt c6-3 and Cyt c6 related to the general protein folding, Cyt c6-3 presents differential electrostatic surface features as compared with Cyt c6, its expression is not copper dependent and has a low reactivity towards PSI. According to the different expression pattern, functional reactivity and structural properties, Cyt c6-3 has to play an as yet to be defined regulatory role related to heterocyst differentiation.Fundación de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla FIUS05710000Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2012-35271, BIO2015-64169-PJunta de Andalucía PAIDI BIO-02

Uso indebido de información privilegiada en Colombia su regulación y aplicación

A través del mercado de capitales se transfieren recursos del sector superavitario (aquel que posee recursos para invertir) al sector deficitario (aquel que demanda recursos). El mercado de capitales está compuesto por el mercado bancario, también conocido como mercado intermediado, y por el mercado de valores, también conocido como mercado desintermediado. En el mercado bancario la transferencia de recursos de los sectores superavitarios a los sectores deficitarios tiene lugar a través de entidades que actúan como intermediarios, que, separada e independientemente, se relacionan con los depositantes y con quienes requieren financiación. Contrario a lo que ocurre en el mercado bancario, la transferencia de recursos de sectores superavitarios a sectores deficitarios en el mercado de valores tiene lugar a través de una relación directa entre ambos sectores mediante la emisión de valores.Especialista en Derecho ComercialEspecializació

Indicador de perdurabilidad empresarial

En la búsqueda de respuestas a preocupaciones permanentes de los directores y gerentes de empresas la medición de la perdurabilidad es un tema permanente de discusión y debate en sus organizaciones. En muchos casos la permanencia en el tiempo y la consecución de resultados financieros se alcanza sin lograr identificar con claridad las razones para lograrlo, o en caso contrario la desaparición de muchas empresas no ha sido explicada completamente. El presente documento de investigación presenta una alternativa para la medición de la perdurabilidad empresarial y utiliza reflexiones estratégicas apoyadas en conceptos financieros. Lo presentado complementa la propuesta denominada “Análisis estructural de sectores estratégicos” desarrollada por el grupo de investigación en perdurabilidad empresarial de la Facultad de Administración de la Universidad del Rosario de Bogotá

Cytochrome c6 is the main respiratory and photosynthetic soluble electron donor in heterocysts of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120

Cytochrome c6 is a soluble electron carrier, present in all known cyanobacteria, that has been replaced by plastocyanin in plants. Despite their high structural differences, both proteins have been reported to be isofunctional in cyanobacteria and green algae, acting as alternative electron carriers from the cytochrome b6-f complex to photosystem I or terminal oxidases. We have investigated the subcellular localization of both cytochrome c6 and plastocyanin in the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 grown in the presence of combined nitrogen and under diazotrophic conditions. Our studies conclude that cytochrome c6 is expressed at significant levels in heterocysts, even in the presence of copper, condition in which it is strongly repressed in vegetative cells. However, the copper-dependent regulation of plastocyanin is not altered in heterocysts. In addition, in heterocysts, cytochrome c6 has shown to be the main soluble electron carrier to cytochrome c oxidase-2 in respiration. A cytochrome c6 deletion mutant is unable to grow under diazotrophic conditions in the presence of copper, suggesting that cytochrome c6 plays an essential role in the physiology of heterocysts that cannot be covered by plastocyanin.Fundación de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla FIUS05710000Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2015-64169-PJunta de Andalucía PAIDI BIO-02

Cytochrome cM is probably a membrane protein similar to the C subunit of the bacterial nitric oxide reductase

Cytochrome cM was first described in 1994 and its sequence has been found in the genome of manifold cyanobacterial species ever since. Numerous studies have been carried out with the purpose of determining its function, but none of them has given place to conclusive results so far. Many of these studies are based on the assumption that cytochrome cM is a soluble protein located in the thylakoid lumen of cyanobacteria. In this work, we have reevaluated the sequence of cyto-chrome cM, with our results showing that its most probable 3D structure is strongly similar to that of the C subunit of the bacterial nitric oxide reductase. The potential presence of an α-helix tail, which could locate this protein in the thylakoid membrane, further supports this hypothesis, thus providing a new, unexpected role for this redox protein.Fundación Investigación Universidad de Sevilla FIUS0571000