Tipología y caracterización de cunicultores en los Estados del centro de México

This study aimed to identify and characterize the type of rabbit farmers in Mexico's central states based on social, productive, technological, economic, and efficiency factors; this information could help outline recommendations that support cuniculture practices. A survey was designed and applied to 155 rabbit production units (RPU) to obtain information about their socioeconomic, productive, and economic status; this survey also evaluated their use of facilities and technological components. Fourteen original variables were defined and helped stratify rabbit farmers through multivariate methods. The resulting groups were characterized and compared by analyzing variance following a completely randomized model for the continuous variables and a test of homogeneity for the categorical variables. Four factors accounted for 67.5 % of the total variation. Due to the factor loadings of the analyzed variables, these factors were identified as 1) productive capacity of the RPU, 2) technical capacity of the RPU, 3) farmer's capacity, and 4) technical efficiency of the RPU. Three types of producers were identified: small-scale family rabbit farmer (37 %), medium-scale family rabbit farmer (50 %), and business rabbit farmer (13 %). This typology could contribute to the outline of cuniculture-specific public policies to increase the efficiency and productivity of RPU in Mexico's central states.El objetivo fue identificar y caracterizar el tipo de productores de conejos en los estados del centro de México con base a factores sociales, productivos, tecnológicos, económicos y de eficiencia, con el fin de generar información para el diseño de recomendaciones de apoyo a la cunicultura. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 155 unidades de producción de conejos (UPC) de donde se obtuvo información socioeconómica, productiva, económica, uso de infraestructura y de componentes tecnológicos, de la cual se definieron 14 variables originales, con las que se obtuvo la estratificación de los cunicultores aplicando métodos multivariados. Para la caracterización y comparación de los grupos resultantes se realizó un análisis de varianza bajo un modelo completamente aleatorio para las variables continuas y una prueba de homogeneidad para las variables categóricas. Se detectaron cuatro factores que explican el 67.5 % de la variación total y que por las cargas factoriales de las variables analizadas se llamaron: 1) capacidad productiva de la UPC, 2) capacidad técnica de la UPC, 3) capacidades del cunicultor y 4) eficiencia técnica de la UPC. Se identificaron tres tipos de productores; pequeño cunicultor familiar (37 %), mediano cunicultor familiar (50 %) y cunicultor empresarial (13 %). La tipología obtenida puede ser útil para contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas diferenciadas de apoyo a la cunicultura, que incidan en una mayor eficiencia y productividad de unidades de producción de conejos en los estados del centro del país

Grip Strength Moderates the Association between Anthropometric and Body Composition Indicators and Liver Fat in Youth with an Excess of Adiposity

Paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common early driver of chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether grip strength moderates the association between anthropometric and body composition parameters and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), an indicator of fat deposits in the liver, in children and adolescents with excess of adiposity. A total of 127 adolescents (67% girls) aged between 11 and 17, attending two public schools in Bogotá (Colombia), who had an axiological evaluation of obesity were included in this study. A grip strength test was assessed as an indicator of muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness by maximal oxygen uptake was assessed using the 20 m shuttle-run test. Waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (cm3) were included as anthropometric and body composition measures. CAP was determined with a FibroScan® 502 Touch device (Echosens, Paris, France). The anthropometric and body composition parameters including WC, WHtR, fat mass, and VAT were positively associated with the CAP (range = 0.423 to 0.580), slightly reduced after being adjusted for handgrip strength/weight. The Johnson-Neyman technique revealed a significant inverse relationship between WC, WHtR, VAT, and CAP when grip strength normalized by body mass was above but not equal to or below 0.475 (8.1% of the sample), 0.469 (8.9% of the sample), and 0.470 (8.5% of the sample), respectively. In conclusion, grip strength adjusted by body mass, has a moderating effect on the association between anthropometric and body composition parameters (including WC, WHtR, and VAT) and CAP in in children and adolescents with excess of adiposity, suggesting the importance of promoting muscular strength during paediatric population in order to prevent NAFLD

Historia y perspectivas del modelo GGAVATT (Grupos Ganaderos de Validación y Transferencia de Tecnología)

In this document, the aim was to gather the experiences obtained with the GGAVATT model since its creation. The results, experiences, and impacts of the development and implementation of this model, reported in secondary sources, were evaluated. Five stages were identified: laying the foundations (1970 - 1982), model development (1983 - 1989), model validation (1990 - 1996), national expansion (1997 - 2007), and adaptation and survival (2008 - to date). Here present the results obtained in each of these stages and the participation in different projects associated with official programs in the different Mexican States. In all the projects where the GGAVATT methodology has been appropriately applied, the technical, economic, social, and ecological results have been positive. At this point, it is know the success factors that provide good results. Therefore, it has a strategy that could be very useful in improving the current situation of small and medium-scale livestock producers in Mexico.El objetivo del presente documento es revisar las experiencias obtenidas con el GGAVATT desde su formación. Para lo cual se llevó a cabo una revisión de fuentes secundarias que reportan resultados, experiencias e impactos del desarrollo e implementación del modelo. Se identificaron cinco etapas: de 1970-1982, poniendo los cimientos; de 1983-1989 formación del modelo; de 1990-1996 validación del modelo; de 1997-2007 expansión nacional; de 2008 a la fecha adaptación y sobrevivencia. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en cada una de estas etapas y la participación en diferentes proyectos asociados a los programas oficiales del sector en diferentes estados del país. En todos los proyectos en donde la metodología GGAVATT se ha aplicado adecuadamente, los resultados técnicos, económicos, sociales y ecológicos, han sido positivos. Se conoce ahora cuales son los factores de éxito que proporcionan buenos resultados y se dispone de una estrategia que puede ser de gran utilidad para mejorar la situación de los pequeños y medianos productores pecuarios de México

Similar cardiometabolic effects of high- and moderate-intensity training among apparently healthy inactive adults: a randomized clinical trial

Incluye fe de erratasBackground: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, and exercise training is an important factor in the treatment and prevention of the clinical components of MetS. Objective: The aim was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training and steady-state moderate-intensity training on clinical components of MetS in healthy physically inactive adults. Methods: Twenty adults were randomly allocated to receive either moderate-intensity continuous training [MCT group; 60–80% heart rate reserve (HRR)] or high-intensity interval training (HIT group; 4 × 4 min at 85–95% peak HRR interspersed with 4 min of active rest at 65% peak HRR). We used the revised International Diabetes Federation criteria for MetS. A MetS Z-score was calculated for each individual and each component of the MetS. Results: In intent-to-treat analyses, the changes in MetS Z-score were 1.546 (1.575) in the MCT group and −1.249 (1.629) in the HIT group (between-groups difference, P = 0.001). The average number of cardiometabolic risk factors changed in the MCT group (−0.133, P = 0.040) but not in the HIT group (0.018, P = 0.294), with no difference between groups (P = 0.277). Conclusion: Among apparently healthy physically inactive adults, HIT and MCT offer similar cardiometabolic protection against single MetS risk factors but differ in their effect on average risk factors per subject.This study was part of the project entitled “Body Adiposity Index and Biomarkers of Endothelial and Cardiovascular Health in Adults” and “High Interval Intensity Training and ideal cardiovascular Heart Study (HIIT-Heart Study)”, which was funded by Centre for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario (Code No FIUR DN-BG001)

Active commuting to and from university, obesity and metabolic syndrome among Colombian university students

Background: There is limited evidence concerning how active commuting (AC) is associated with health benefits in young. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between AC to and from campus (walking) and obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a sample of Colombian university students. Methods: A total of 784 university students (78.6% women, mean age = 20.1 ± 2.6 years old) participated in the study. The exposure variable was categorized into AC (active walker to campus) and non-AC (non/infrequent active walker to campus: car, motorcycle, or bus) to and from the university on a typical day. MetS was defined in accordance with the updated harmonized criteria of the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 8.7%, and it was higher in non-AC than AC to campus. The percentage of AC was 65.3%. The commuting distances in this AC from/to university were 83.1%, 13.4% and 3.5% for < 2 km, 2- 5 km and > 5 km, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions for predicting unhealthy profile showed that male walking commuters had a lower probability of having obesity [OR = 0.45 (CI 95% 0.25–0.93)], high blood pressure [OR = 0.26 (CI 95% 0.13–0.55)] and low HDL cholesterol [OR = 0.29 (CI 95% 0.14–0.59)] than did passive commuters. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in young adulthood, a key life-stage for the development of obesity and MetS, AC could be associated with and increasing of daily physical activity levels, thereby promoting better cardiometabolic health.This study was part of the project entitled “Body Adiposity Index and Biomarkers of Endothelial and Cardiovascular Health in Adults”, which was funded by Centre for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario (Code N° FIUR DNBG001) and Universidad de Boyacá (Code N° RECT 60)

Exercise and postprandial lipemia: effects on vascular health in inactive adults

Background: There is evidence to suggest that postprandial lipemia are is linked to the impairment of endothelial function, which is characterized by an imbalance between the actions of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week high-intensity training (HIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) protocol on postprandial lipemia, vascular function and arterial stiffness in inactive adults after high-fat meal (HFM) ingestion. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 20 healthy, inactive adults (31.6 ± 7.1 years). Participants followed the two exercise protocols for 12 weeks. To induce a state of postprandial lipemia (PPL), all subjects received a HFM. Endothelial function was measured using flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), normalized brachial artery FMD (nFMD), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx). Plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides and glucose were also measured. Results: The effects of a HFM were evaluated in a fasted state and 60, 120, 180, and 240 min postprandially. A significant decrease in serum glucose between 0 min (fasted state) and 120 min postprandially was found in the HIT group (P= 0. 035). Likewise, FMD (%) was significantly different between the fasted state and 60 min after a HFM in the HIT group (P = 0.042). The total cholesterol response expressed as area under curve (AUC)(0–240) was lower following HIT than following MCT, but no significant differences were observed (8%, P > 0.05). Similarly, triglycerides AUC(0–240) was also lower after HIT compared with MCT, which trended towards significance (24%, P= 0.076). The AUC(0–240) for the glucose response was significantly lower following HIT than MCT (10%, P = 0.008). FMD and nFMD AUC(0–240) were significantly higher following HIT than following MCT (46.9%, P = 0.021 and 67.3%, P = 0.009, respectively). PWV AUC(0–240) did not differ following between the two exercise groups (2.3%, P > 0.05). Conclusions: Supervised exercise training mitigates endothelial dysfunction and glucose response induced by PPL. Exercise intensity plays an important role in these protective effects, and medium-term HIT may be more effective than MCT in reducing postprandial glucose levels and attenuating vascular impairment.This study as funded in part by the Center for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario (Code N° FIUR DN-BG001). We declare that the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or appropriate data manipulatio