Satellite cell behavior in cyclists following intensified training with and without protein supplementation

PURPOSE: The objectives were to determine the satellite cell (SC) response among endurance-trained cyclists (n=8; VO2max: 63.1 ± 8.4 mL/Kg/min)to a period of intensified training (ICT) (10 days) and 10 days of recovery (RVT), with and without protein supplementation. METHODS: Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis prior to- and immediately following ICT and RVT. Fluorescent microscopy was used to analyze SCs and myosin heavy chain I and IIa (MHC I and IIa). Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. RESULTS: MHC I SCs were exceptionally abundant at baseline (38 ± 20 SCs/100 fibers). MHC I SC count decreased (unclear) from PreCHO to ICTCHO and then likely increased by 60 ± 64 percent following RecCHO , with no other differences in SC content regardless of nutrition or training phase. Myonuclear content of MHC I fibers most likely increased by 16 ± 6 percent from baseline to ICTCHO and likely remained higher (17 ± 15 percent) than baseline following recovery. Likewise, MHC IIa myonuclear content likely increased 14 ± 14 percent from PreCHO to RecCHO. Though there were no changes in fiber size (cross sectional area) under CHO conditions, MHC I fiber size very likely increased by 14 ± 8 percent and MHC IIa fiber size likely increased by 16 ± 19 percent with PRO supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Trained endurance cyclists possess a relatively large pool of SCs that appeared to facilitate measurable myonuclear accretion with heavy training under carbohydrate conditions. . Also, based on the muscle fiber hypertrophy and lack of other apparent physiological changes, PRO supplementation appeared to benefit skeletal muscle. These data strengthen the growing body of evidence demonstrating the non-hypertrophic role of SCs in skeletal muscle

Surfboard Paddling Technique and Neuromechanical Control: A Narrative Review

Surfboard paddling is an essential activity when surfing. Research investigating surfboard paddling, especially as it pertains to neuromechanical control and techniques used, is limited. Previous research made use of swim ergometers to examine surfboard paddling demands. The validity of using swim ergometers in surfboard paddling research and training deserves further analysis. To establish ecologically valid findings, researchers have begun to use swim flumes and still-water paddling environments to investigate paddling efficiency and technique. This emerging body of research has reported that muscle activation patterns, intensities, and timings differ as surfers move through different paddle stroke phases. A deeper understanding of paddling\u27s neuromechanical control may help enhance the understanding of how to improve paddle performance and perhaps reduce injury risk. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to identify the gaps in the existing literature to help identify future research directions in relation to surfboard paddling techniques and neuromechanical control

Soil Carbon Stocks Are Stable under New Zealand Hill Country Pastures with Contrasting Phosphorus and Sheep Stocking Regimes

A temporal and spatial assessment is required to quantify the effects of nutrient inputs and varying grazing management regimes on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under grazed pastures in complex landscapes. We examined SOC stocks under permanent pastures in three farmlets under a range of different annual phosphorus (P) fertiliser and associated sheep stocking regimes. The farmlets examined had either no annual P applied (NF), 125 kg single superphosphate (SSP) ha-1 (LF), or 375 kg SSP ha-1 (HF) on an annual basis since 1980. Soils were sampled to three depths (0-75, 75-150, 150-300 mm) in 2003 and 2020, and to the two upper depths in 2014. Each farmlet included three slope classes [low slope (LS), medium slope (MS), high slope (HS)], on three different aspect locations [east (E), southwest (SW), northwest (NW)]. Although a trend (P = 0.07) was observed for greater SOC stocks in the upper depth of the HF farmlet (34.0 Mg C ha-1) compared with the other two farmlets (31.6 Mg C ha-1), this trend was discontinued in deeper layers. Accumulated SOC stocks (0-300 mm) were 111.1 (NF), 109.8 (LF) and 111.5 (HF) Mg C ha-1. Soil samples collected on HS resulted in higher soil bulk densities (BD) and carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios, and lower C concentration and SOC stocks, compared with samples collected on the other two slope classes. Soil samples collected on the NW-facing slopes resulted in higher BD, and lower C concentration and SOC stocks, compared with samples collected on the other two aspect locations. Under the current conditions, contrasting P fertiliser and sheep stocking regimes had minimal effects on SOC stocks. In contrast, topographic features had major effects on SOC stocks, and need to be considered in soil sampling protocols that monitor soil organic carbon stocks over space and time

Biology of the black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas with reference to rabies

The black-backed jackal is represented in rabies records from southern Africa and is suspected of playing an important role in the disease in this region. The basic biology of the species suggests that it does have certain characteristics that could make it an ideal rabies vector. However, the enigmatically low incidence of rabies in undisturbed jackal populations suggests that more subtle processes may be involved. It is suggested that jackal society is arranged in the form of cryptic packs and that disruption of the hierachy through persecution may increase agonistic encounters and thence the incidence of rabies. Suggestions are made for the incorporation of the jackal in rabies control programmes without resorting to extermination.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Proceedings of a workshop held at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa, 3-5 May 1993mn201

The Student Movement Volume 105 Issue Issue 5: Artist Spotlight: Jel Tamayo

NEWS Andrews University Transitions to Dynamic Campus, Taylor Uphus ASIS Holds First Vespers of Fall 2020, Joelle Kim Students Participate in Andrews University Vote Week, Caralynn Chan The Andrews University Symphony Orchestra Performs Awakening Concert, Jenae Rogers PULSE How to Stay Eco-Friendly During the Pandemic, Gloria Oh Paralleling the Hispanic and Filipino Cultural Experience, Alec Bofetiado The GetApp Go-To Orders, Wambui Karanja HUMANS AU Athletics for the Year 2020-21, Interviewed by Fitz-Earl McKenzie II Checking in with Honors: 2020-21 Plans, Interviewed by Terika Williams Discussing Mental Health and the CTC with Dr. Judith Bernard-Fisher and Mindy Kissinger, Interviewed by Abigail Lee ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Filipino Artist Spotlight: Jel Tamayo, Megan Napod Noche Latina: A Night of Music, Poetry, Dance, and Culture, Megan Napod Signal Boost, Monday by Evin-Nazya Musgrove IDEAS That\u27s Just Me , Evin N. Musgrove Superspreader in Chief, Lyle Goulbourne The Vice Presidential Debate, Alannah Tjhatrahttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-105/1005/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 105 Issue 8: Cardinals Remain Undefeated Despite Season Cancellation

NEWS BSCF Holds Impact Vespers, Terika Williams Chapel Service Celebrates Black History Month, Jenae Rogers Game on Hold: Student-Athletes Hope for New Basketball Season, Amanda Cho PULSE Student Workers: Balancing Life, Work, and Academics, Interviewed by Alec Bofetiado Study Break Recommendations, Masy Domecillo Weekday Holiday: Reflections, Jessica Rim HUMANS Black Student Christian Forum: Black History Month Interview, Interviewed by Fitz-Earl McKenzie II My Experience in COVID-19 Isolation: Edition Two, Interviewed by Brandi Seawood Our Lost Season: An Interview with Cardinals Athletic Director Rob Gettys, Terika Williams Student Missionary Spotlight, Interviewed by Alyssa Henriquez ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT A Brief History Of Black Creativity and Its Importance, Pearl Parker Black Novelists You Should Know & Read, Alannah Tjhatra Creative Spotlight: Autumn Goodman of AGOODIEES, Interviewed by Megan Napod The Hill We Climb, Hannah Cruse IDEAS Choose Wisely, Evin N. Musgrove Playing the Game of Stocks, Matthew Jarrard THE LAST WORD Halftime of Horrors: The Weeknd and Hedonism, Daniel Selfhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-105/1010/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 105 Issue 9: Celebrating the Caribbean Impact on Black History

NEWS AUSA and BSCF Host The Dating Game, Caralynn Chan Honors Agape Worship Celebrates Beverly Matiko\u27s Service, Terika Williams The Andrews University Wind Symphony Performs Stage & Screen Concert, Jenae Rogers PULSE Black History Month: Favorite Media, Interviews by Alec Bofetiado Black History Month: The Modern Heritage of Culture, Wambui Karanja Lunar New Year: A Reflection, Jessica Rim The Slump, Masy Domecillo HUMANS February Freshman Spotlight, Alyssa Henriquez Senior Spotlight: Brandi Seawood, Interviewed by Celeste Richardson Updates on 2020-21 Graduation Ceremony, Interviewed by Fitz-Earl McKenzie II ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Black Artists I Recommend, Hannah Cruse Creative Spotlight: Be of Good Cheer with Itumeleng Gabasiane, Interviewed by Megan Napod Tesla, To the Moon!, Joshua Deonarine IDEAS Harlem Jazz and Louis Armstrong: His Life and Impact, Sion Kim How to be a Black Community Ally, Kavya Mohanram The Plans and Hopes of the Biden Administration, Lyle Goulbourne THE LAST WORD The Mountain, The Tree and You, Adoniah Simonhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-105/1012/thumbnail.jp

Seagrass ecosystem contributions to people's quality of life in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories

Seagrass ecosystems provide critical contributions (goods and perceived benefits or detriments) for the livelihoods and wellbeing of Pacific Islander peoples. Through in-depth examination of the contributions provided by seagrass ecosystems across the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), we find a greater quantity in the Near Oceania (New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands) and western Micronesian (Palau and Northern Marianas) regions; indicating a stronger coupling between human society and seagrass ecosystems. We also find many non-material contributions historically have been overlooked and under-appreciated by decision-makers. Closer cultural connections likely motivate guardianship of seagrass ecosystems by Pacific communities to mitigate local anthropogenic pressures. Regional comparisons also shed light on general and specific aspects of the importance of seagrass ecosystems to Pacific Islanders, which are critical for forming evidence-based policy and management to ensure the long-term resilience of seagrass ecosystems and the contributions they provide

Seagrass ecosystems of the Pacific Island countries and territories: a global bright spot

Seagrass ecosystems exist throughout Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). Despite this area covering nearly 8% of the global ocean, information on seagrass distribution, biogeography, and status remains largely absent from the scientific literature. We confirm 16 seagrass species occur across 17 of the 22 PICTs with the highest number in Melanesia, followed by Micronesia and Polynesia respectively. The greatest diversity of seagrass occurs in Papua New Guinea (13 species), and attenuates eastward across the Pacific to two species in French Polynesia. We conservatively estimate seagrass extent to be 1446.2 km2, with the greatest extent (84%) in Melanesia. We find seagrass condition in 65% of PICTs increasing or displaying no discernible trend since records began. Marine conservation across the region overwhelmingly focuses on coral reefs, with seagrass ecosystems marginalised in conservation legislation and policy. Traditional knowledge is playing a greater role in managing local seagrass resources and these approaches are having greater success than contemporary conservation approaches. In a world where the future of seagrass ecosystems is looking progressively dire, the Pacific Islands appears as a global bright spot, where pressures remain relatively low and seagrass more resilient

Researching outside the box: Welcoming innovative qualitative inquiry to nurse education today

I would like to begin by thanking Billy Lauder for inviting me to write this editorial, following my recent appointment to the NET International Advisory Board. My first aim in what follows is to make some critical comments about trends I have seen in published qualitative research articles over the years of my involvement with NET and other mainstream international nursing journals. In this regard, I speak as a qualitative research teacher, supervisor, article and book writer, and peer reviewer and past editorial board member of journals in and beyond the discipline of nursing. On the basis of these critical comments, my second aim is to argue the need for an increase in innovative qualitative articles in NET. This will bring our journal more into line with the developing state of the art global picture of qualitative inquiry, evident in recent years in journals informing wider interdisciplinary fields in the social and human sciences and the humanities. I believe that such a broadening of scope can only enhance the status of NET as a world leader in creative nurse educational research and scholarship. In the light of these two aims, again responding to a request from Billy, I will end my editorial by describing related amendments to the journal’s article guidelines for authors on structuring innovative qualitative articles, and a corresponding increase in peer reviewers, appropriate for the task ahead