Changes in physical activity and screen time related to psychological well-being in early adolescence: findings from longitudinal study ELANA.

BackgroundPsychological well-being influences health behaviours differently in adolescent boys and girls. We evaluated the role of psychological well-being in early adolescence in the onset and persistence of insufficient physical activity and exceeding recommended screen time, depending on gender.MethodsThis work derives from a cohort study called Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Nutritional Assessment conducted among elementary school students from two public and four private schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 2010-2013. We analysed data from 2010 and 2012 from 526 adolescents. Physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Those who performed less than 60 min per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were classified as insufficiently active. Screen time was evaluated based on daily time spent in front of television, video games, and computers. Those who had 4 h or more screen time per day were classified as exceeding the recommended time. Psychological well-being was assessed using the psychological domain of the KIDSCREEN 27 questionnaire. Linear regression was used to estimate coefficient (β) and r (2) values for continuous variables. Relative risks (RR) and confidence intervals (95 % CI) for onset and persistence of insufficient activity and exceeding recommended screen time were estimated with Poisson regression models.ResultsAmong girls, linear regression analyses showed a significant inverse association between psychological well-being and screen minutes per day at T2 (r (2) = 0.049/β = -3.81 (95 % CI -7.0, -0.9)), as well as an association between poor psychological well-being and onset of exceeding recommended screen time in categorical analyses (RR crude: 1.3; CI 95 % 1.1, 1.7; RR adjusted: 1.3; CI 95 % 1.0, 1.6). For boys, an association was found between psychological well-being and onset of insufficient activity 2 years later (RR crude: 1.3; CI 95 % 1.2, 1.4; RR adjusted: 1.2; CI 95 % 1.1, 1.4).ConclusionAdolescence is crucial for the development of unhealthy behaviours related to psychological well-being status in the context of a middle-income country. Gender differences are important because poor psychological well-being seems to affect sedentary behaviour in girls more than in boys, and predicts insufficient activity among boys

Social support and leisure-time physical activity: longitudinal evidence from the Brazilian Pró-Saúde cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although social support has been observed to exert a beneficial influence on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), multidimensional approaches examining social support and prospective evidence of its importance are scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate how four dimensions of social support affect LTPA engagement, maintenance, type, and time spent by adults during a two-year follow-up.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This paper reports on a longitudinal study of 3,253 non-faculty public employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro (the Pró-Saúde study). LTPA was evaluated using a dichotomous question with a two-week reference period, and further questions concerning LTPA type (individual or group) and time spent on the activity. Social support was measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS). To assess the association between social support and LTPA, two different statistical models were used: binary and multinomial logistic regression models for dichotomous and polytomous outcomes, respectively. Models were adjusted separately for those who began LTPA in the middle of the follow up (engagement group) and for those who had maintained LTPA since the beginning of the follow up (maintenance group).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After adjusting for confounders, statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between dimensions of social support and group LTPA were found in the engagement group. Also, the emotional/information dimension was associated with time spent on LTPA (OR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.2-3.9). In the maintenance group, material support was associated with group LTPA (OR = 1.80; 95% CI; 1.1-3.1) and the positive social interaction dimension was associated with time spent on LTPA (OR = 1.65; 95% CI; 1.1-2.7).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>All dimensions of social support influenced LTPA type or the time spent on the activity. However, our findings suggest that social support is more important in engagement than in maintenance. This finding is important, because it suggests that maintenance of LTPA must be associated with other factors beyond the individual's level of social support, such as a suitable environment and social/health policies directed towards the practice of LTPA.</p

Diferenças de gênero no apoio social e atividade física de lazer

OBJECTIVE To identify gender differences in social support dimensions’ effect on adults’ leisure-time physical activity maintenance, type, and time. METHODS Longitudinal study of 1,278 non-faculty public employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Southeastern Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated using a dichotomous question with a two-week reference period, and further questions concerning leisure-time physical activity type (individual or group) and time spent on the activity. Social support was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale. For the analysis, logistic regression models were adjusted separately by gender. RESULTS A multinomial logistic regression showed an association between material support and individual activities among women (OR = 2.76; 95%CI 1.2;6.5). Affective support was associated with time spent on leisure-time physical activity only among men (OR = 1.80; 95%CI 1.1;3.2). CONCLUSIONS All dimensions of social support that were examined influenced either the type of, or the time spent on, leisure-time physical activity. In some social support dimensions, the associations detected varied by gender. Future studies should attempt to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these gender differences.OBJETIVO Identificar diferenças de gênero no efeito de dimensões de apoio social na manutenção, tipo e tempo da atividade física de lazer em adultos. MÉTODOS Estudo longitudinal com 1.278 funcionários públicos não docentes de uma universidade do Rio de Janeiro. A atividade física foi avaliada utilizando questão dicotômica, com um período de referência de duas semanas, e outras questões relativas ao tipo de atividade (individual ou grupo) e ao tempo gasto na atividade. O apoio social foi medido pelo Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale. Para a análise, os modelos de regressão logística foram ajustados separadamente por gênero. RESULTADOS A regressão logística multinomial mostrou associação entre o apoio material e as atividades individuais (OR = 2,76, IC95% 1,2;6,5) entre as mulheres. O apoio afetivo foi associado com o tempo gasto em atividades físicas de lazer (OR = 1,80, IC95% 1,1;3,2) apenas entre os homens. CONCLUSÕES Todas as dimensões de apoio social examinadas influenciaram o tipo ou o tempo gasto em atividades físicas de lazer. Em algumas dimensões de apoio social, as associações variaram segundo gênero. Estudos futuros devem elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos nessas diferenças entre os gêneros

ANÁLISE DAS SITUAÇÕES ESTRESSORAS DE EQUIPES UNIVERSITÁRIAS DE VOLEIBOL

Introdução: O desempenho dos atletas de voleibol pode ser influenciado por fatores psicológicos, havendo a necessidade de investigações sobre determinadas situações potencialmente estressantes durante o jogo. Objetivo: Investigar os fatores produtores de estresse em atletas de equipes universitárias de voleibol durante a partida de voleibol. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 28 atletas universitários (21,63À1,75 anos de idade). O instrumento utilizado foi o Teste de Estresse Psíquico para o Voleibol (TEP-V) constituído de 18 situações típicas de estresse durante as partidas de voleibol, sendo analisados o nível de estresse, o comportamento provável e o nível de eficiência de tal comportamento. Valores percentuais foram utilizados para a análise estatística. Resultados: A situação “Minha equipe perde o ponto em um momento decisivo por um erro meu” foi considerada a mais estressante, com 39,3% considerando estressante e 53,6% como muito estressante. O comportamento provável mais indicado pelos atletas foi o de tentar se tranquilizar e se esforçar mais mediante as situações de estresse. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que os atletas se sentem potencialmente estressados em situações características de falha individual e momentos em que não possuem o controle sobre o jogo.

Stability and bidirectional relationship between physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Brazilian adolescents: Longitudinal findings from a school cohort study.

PURPOSE:We investigated the stability, correlations and bidirectional relationship of light physical activities (PA), moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), television viewing (TV) and video game/computer use (VG) in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS:Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study-ELANA is a middle school cohort study conducted in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil in 2010-2012. Self-reported data on PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire- IPAQ) and screen activities were obtained from 810 adolescents (mean ages of 10.9 years old (SD 0.78) for girls; 11 years old (SD 0.85) for boys) to perform autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models in two time points for PA and three time points for screen activities. RESULTS:There was no significant stability of light PA and MVPA for boys and girls. Moderate stability of screen activities were found for both genders, with a significant coefficient of TV for boys (T1-T2:0.29; T2-T3:0.27 p<0.001); and VG for boys (T1-T2:0.33; T2-T3:0.35 p<0.001) and girls (T1-T2: 0.26; T2-T3:0.37 p<0.01). Significant lagged effects were obtained only among girls: light PA had effect on VG (-0.10 p<0.01), as well as in the opposite direction of TV on light PA (-0.03 p<0.01) and TV on MVPA (-0.11 p<0.01). CONCLUSION:The light PA, MVPA and screen activities (among girls) did not demonstrate stability over time. A warning scenario was suggested by the stability of high amounts of screen activities among boys over time. Screen activities had bidirectional association with light PA and MVPA among girls over time

Cross-cultural adaptation of the EMIC Stigma Scale for people with leprosy in Brazil

OBJECTIVE Describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the “Explanatory Model Interview Catalog – Stigma Scale” for people affected by leprosy in Brazil. METHODS After being authorized by the author of the scale to use it in the national context, we initiated the five steps process of cross-cultural adaptation: (1) translation, (2) synthesis meeting, (3) back-translation, (4) committee of experts and (5) pre-test. The internal consistency of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. RESULTS The 15 items of the scale’s original version were translated into Brazilian Portuguese. The adapted scale showed evidence of a good understanding of its content, attested both by experts and members of the target population. Its internal consistency was 0.64. CONCLUSIONS The adapted instrument shows satisfactory internal consistency. It may be useful in future studies that intend to provide broad situational analysis that supports solid public health programs with a focus on effective stigma reduction. In a later study, the construct’s validity, criterion, and reproducibility will be evaluated.OBJETIVO Descrever o processo de adaptação transcultural da “Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue – Stigma Scale” para pessoas afetadas por hanseníase no Brasil. MÉTODOS Após a autorização do autor da escala para seu uso no contexto nacional, deu-se início aos cinco passos do processo de adaptação transcultural: (1) tradução, (2) reunião de síntese, (3) retrotradução, (4) comitê de peritos e (5) pré-teste. A consistência interna da escala foi avaliada utilizando o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS Os 15 itens da versão original da escala foram traduzidos para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. A escala adaptada apresentou evidência de boa compreensão de seu conteúdo, atestada tanto por peritos como por membros da população alvo. Sua consistência interna foi de 0,64. CONCLUSÕES O instrumento adaptado apresenta consistência interna satisfatória. Pode ser útil em estudos futuros que intencionem viabilizar ampla análise situacional que sustente programas sólidos de saúde pública com enfoque na efetiva redução de estigma. Em estudo ulterior será avaliada a validade de constructo, critério e reprodutibilidade

The Influence of Bereavement on Body Mass Index: Results from a National Swedish Survey

Abstract Background: Previous findings suggest that the loss of a family member is associated with health and mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between bereavement experiences and BMI, and whether there are socio-demographic differences in this association

Cross-lagged structural equation models for the relationship between health-related state and behaviours and body bullying in adolescence: findings from longitudinal study ELANA.

We investigated the stability and the directionality of being body bullied and a set of four variables- 1) Body Mass Index (BMI), 2) moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), 3) television time (TV) and 4) video game/computer time (VG)-, termed in the present study as 'health-related state and behaviours (HRSB)'-across adolescence. The Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study (ELANA) is a cohort study conducted among middle school students from two public and four private schools in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil. We analysed data from 2010 (T1) and 2012 (T2) among 810 adolescents (aged 9-15 at T1). Gender-specific structural equation models (SEM) were estimated, including autoregressive paths for the HRSB and being body bullied over time, correlations at T1 and T2, respectively, and cross-lagged effects. The results presented significant stability coefficients for almost all variables over time in both genders (except for MVPA in boys and girls and TV time among girls). There were positive correlations between BMI and being body bullied, as well as between TV and VG for boys (0.32, p<0.001 and 0.24, p<0.001, respectively) and girls (0.30, p<0.001 and 0.30, p<0.001, respectively) at T1. It remained significant at T2 (boys: 0.18, p<0.05 and 0.16, p<0.01; girls: 0.21, p<0.01 and 0.22, p<0.01, respectively). Examining the cross-lagged paths between being body bullied and HRSB, we observed that the reciprocal model provided the best fit for boys, indicating that BMI at T1 had a significant effect in being body bullied at T2 (0.12, p<0.05) and being body bullied at T1 had an effect on VG at T2 (0.14, p<0.01). Among girls the forward causation model showed the best fit, demonstrating a significant effect of being body bullied at T1 on VG at T2 (0.16, p<0.01). Apart from MVPA, both being body bullying and HRSB were largely stable across adolescence. For boys and girls alike, exposure to being body bullied seemed to increase their time spent on VG, while for boys BMI also predicted being body bullied. This study highlighted the complex interplay between being body bullied and HRSB and the importance of acknowledging gender differences in this context

Regression coefficients and standard errors estimated from multiple linear regressions for the association between bereavement time or frequency and BMI.

<p>The outcome was the BMI (kg/m²) in LNU 2000. The covariates were included based on informations provided by LNU 2000. The Swedish Level of Living Survey. The models were fitted separately by bereavement variable (reference group in bereavement variables: individuals who have not had such bereavement experiences).</p>a<p>p<0.001; ^bp<0.05; ^cp<0.10 n =  number of observations; β =  coefficient estimated; SE =  estimation error.</p><p>Model 1: Bereavement variable.</p><p>Model 2: Bereavement variable + sex + age + social class.</p><p>Model 3: Bereavement variable + marital status + age + social class + marital status.</p><p>Model 4: Bereavement variable + marital status + age + social class + marital status + number of siblings.</p><p>Model 5: Bereavement variable + age + social class + marital status + number of siblings + emotional support.</p