Aspectos soroepidemiológicos da infecção humana por Strongyloides stercoralis no Chile

To determine the frequency of Strongyloides stercoralis antibodies by means of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Chile, in 2001-2003, 675 blood samples of patients of two psychiatric hospitals and 172 of healthy individuals (doctors, nurses and paramedicals) of these institutions, and 1,200 serum samples of blood donors of Northern region (Arica and Antofagasta), Central region (Valparaiso and Santiago) and Southern region (La Union) were collected. ELISA showed positivity of 12.1% in psychiatric hospitalized patients, none (0%) in the health personnel and 0.25% in blood donors (p < 0.05). Only in blood donors of Arica (1%) and La Union (0.5%) the ELISA test was positive suggesting that strongyloidiasis is focalized in determinate zones of the country. In Chile, human infections by S. stercoralis are endemic with very low frequency in apparently healthy individuals and high prevalence in risk groups such as the mentally ill hospitalized patients.Entre os anos de 2001-2003 foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 675 pacientes de dois hospitais psiquiátricos da região central do Chile, 172 de indivíduos sadios (médicos, enfermeiros e paramédicos) destas instituições e 1200 de doadores de sangue de cidades das regiões norte (Arica e Antofagasta), central (Valparaiso e Santiago) e sul (La Union) para determinar a frequência de anticorpos anti Strongyloides stercoralis mediante a reação de enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Foram observadas soropositividade de 12.1% em pacientes de hospitais psiquiátricos e de 0,25% em doadores de sangue (p < 0.05). Todas as amostras dos indivíduos sadios foram não reagentes. Entre os doadores de sangue a soropositividade ocorreu somente nos indivíduos de Arica (1,0%) e La Union (0,5%) sugerindo que a estrongiloidíase poderia estar localizada em determinadas áreas geográficas do país. Conclui-se que no Chile as infecções por S. stercoralis seriam endêmicas, de baixa freqüência e afetando especialmente grupos de risco como os pacientes psiquiátricos

Enfermedades crónicas

Adherencia al tratamiento farmacol&oacute;gico y relaci&oacute;n con el control metab&oacute;lico en pacientes con DM2Aluminio en pacientes con terapia de reemplazo renal cr&oacute;nico con hemodi&aacute;lisis en Bogot&aacute;, ColombiaAmputaci&oacute;n de extremidades inferiores: &iquest;est&aacute;n aumentando las tasas?Consumo de edulcorantes artificiales en j&oacute;venes universitariosC&oacute;mo crecen ni&ntilde;os normales de 2 a&ntilde;os que son sobrepeso a los 7 a&ntilde;osDiagn&oacute;stico con enfoque territorial de salud cardiovascular en la Regi&oacute;n MetropolitanaEfecto a corto plazo de una intervenci&oacute;n con ejercicio f&iacute;sico, en ni&ntilde;os con sobrepesoEfectos de la cirug&iacute;a bari&aacute;trica en pacientes con s&iacute;ndrome metab&oacute;lico e IMC &lt; 35 KG/M2Encuesta mundial de tabaquismo en estudiantes de profesiones de saludEnfermedades cr&oacute;nicas no transmisibles: Consecuencias sociales-sanitarias de comunidades rurales en ChileEpidemiolog&iacute;a de las muertes hospitalarias por patolog&iacute;as relacionadas a muerte encef&aacute;lica, Chile 2003-2007Estado nutricional y conductas alimentarias en adolescentes de 4&ordm; medio de la Regi&oacute;n de CoquimboEstudio de calidad de vida en una muestra del plan piloto para hepatitis CEvaluaci&oacute;n del proceso asistencial y de resultados de salud del GES de diabetes mellitus 2Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en poblaci&oacute;n universitaria de la Facsal, universidad de Tarapac&aacute;Implicancias psicosociales en la g&eacute;nesis, evoluci&oacute;n y tratamiento de pacientes con hipertensi&oacute;n arterial esencialInfarto agudo al miocardio (IAM): Realidad en el Hospital de Puerto Natales, 2009-2010Introducci&oacute;n de nuevas TIC y mejor&iacute;a de la asistencia a un programa de saludNi&ntilde;os obesos atendidos en el Cesfam de Puerto Natales y su entorno familiarPerfil de la mortalidad por c&aacute;ncer de cuello uterino en R&iacute;o de JaneiroPerfil del paciente primo-consultante del Programa de Salud Cardiovascular, Consultorio Cordillera Andina, Los AndesPrevalencia de automedicaci&oacute;n en mujeres beneficiarias del Hospital Comunitario de Til-TiPrevalencia de caries en poblaci&oacute;n preescolar y su relaci&oacute;n con malnutrici&oacute;n por excesoPrevalencia de retinopat&iacute;a diab&eacute;tica en comunas dependientes del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente (SSMOC)Problemas de adherencia farmacol&oacute;gica antihipertensiva en poblaci&oacute;n mapuche: Un estudio cualitativoRol biol&oacute;gico de los antioxidantes innatos en pacientes portadores de VIH/SidaSobrepeso en empleados de un restaurante de una universidad p&uacute;blica del estado de S&atilde;o Paul

Sodium nitroprusside blocks the cat carotid chemosensory inhibition induced by dopamine, but not that by hyperoxia

We studied the effects of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, Nω- nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on cat chemosensory responses to intravenous injections of NaCN (0.1-100 μg/kg) and dopamine (0.1-20 μg/kg), and to hyperoxic ventilation (100% O2, 60-120 s). Cats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone, paralyzed and artificially ventilated to prevent secondary ventilatory effects. The frequency of chemosensory discharges (f(x)) was recorded from one sectioned carotid sinus nerve. L-NAME (50 mg/kg i.v.) increased basal f(x) and slightly potentiated the responses to NaCN and dopamine. SNP (1-2 mg/kg i.v.) increased basal f(x), but reduced the NaCN- induced increases of f(x) over baseline and the transient f(x) inhibitions induced by dopamine, but not those produced by hyperoxia. Present results indicate that besides the known inhibitory effect of NO on chemosensory responses to low PO2, NO also blocks the chemosensory respon

Endothelins in the cat petrosal ganglion and carotid body: Effects and immunolocalization

In response to hypoxia, chemoreceptor cells of the carotid body (CB) release transmitters, which acting on the petrosal ganglion (PG) neuron terminals, increase the chemoafferent discharge. Additionally, vasoactive molecules produced within the CB may modulate hypoxic chemoreception by controlling blood flow and tissue PO2. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) increases basal CB chemosensory discharges in situ, probably due to its vasoconstrictor action. However, the actions of ET-1 on PG neurons or its expression in the PG are not known. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that endothelin-like peptides are expressed in the cat PG and CB under normoxic conditions. Exogenous applications of ET- 1 increased the chemosensory activity in the vascularly perfused CB but were ineffective on either the CB or PG superfused preparations, both of which are devoid of vascular control. Thus, our data indicate that the excitatory effect of ET-1 in the carotid chemoreceptor system appears to be mainly due to a vasoconstrictor effect in the CB blood vessels.This work was supported by grant 1030330 from the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development of Chile (FONDECYT)

Enfermedades transmisibles

Investigaci&oacute;n de un brote por Salmonella ent&eacute;rica serotipo enteritidis, en una cl&iacute;nica privada, Regi&oacute;n Metropolitana&nbsp

Enfermedades transmisibles

Investigaci&oacute;n de un brote por Salmonella ent&eacute;rica serotipo enteritidis, en una cl&iacute;nica privada, Regi&oacute;n Metropolitana&nbsp

Seroepidemiological aspects of human Strongyloides stercoralis infections in Chile

To determine the frequency of Strongyloides stercoralis antibodies by means of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Chile, in 2001-2003, 675 blood samples of patients of two psychiatric hospitals and 172 of healthy individuals (doctors, nurses and paramedicals) of these institutions, and 1,200 serum samples of blood donors of Northern region (Arica and Antofagasta), Central region (Valparaiso and Santiago) and Southern region (La Union) were collected. ELISA showed positivity of 12.1% in psychiatric hospitalized patients, none (0%) in the health personnel and 0.25% in blood donors (p &lt; 0.05). Only in blood donors of Arica (1%) and La Union (0.5%) the ELISA test was positive suggesting that strongyloidiasis is focalized in determinate zones of the country. In Chile, human infections by S. stercoralis are endemic with very low frequency in apparently healthy individuals and high prevalence in risk groups such as the mentally ill hospitalized patients

Immunodiagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infections in Chile using an ELISA test Inmunodiagnóstico de las infecciones por Strongyloides stercoralis en Chile utilizando la prueba de ELISA

Background: Strongyloides stercoralis is a world wide distributed small intestinal nematode parasite. In immunocompetent individuals S stercoralis can produce asymptomatic infections or a moderate clinical picture of diarrhea, some cases become chronic. In immunocompromised patients, a disseminated-disease may appear, sometimes fatal. In Chile, there is little epidemiological information about S stercoralis infections and appropriate diagnostic techniques are usually not used. Aim: To evaluate the yield of an ELISA test for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Chilean patients. Material and methods: Ten serum samples from patients with S stercoralis infections confirmed by a positive stool examination, 66 samples from individuals with other infections by tissue helminthes (24 toxocariasis, 15 trichinellosis, 11 hydatidosis, 12 fascioliasis and 4 cysticercosis), 13 samples from subjects with autoimmune diseases and 49 samples from apparently healthy individuals with a normal eosinophi