Impactos ambientales y energéticos de las circunvalaciones urbanas. El caso de la M-40

This article presents general aspects of some of the impacts produced by the construction of urban bypasses. A brief description is also given of the methodology followed in the quantification of some environmental and energy impacts that arose from the opening to traffic of the Northwest stretch of the Madrid M-40 ring road.En el presente artículo se exponen aspectos generales acerca de algunos impactos derivados de la construcción de circunvalaciones urbanas. Se detalla también brevemente la metodología seguida en la cuantificación de algunos de los efectos ambientales y energéticos derivados de la apertura del tramo Noroeste de la circunvalación a Madrid "M-40"

Impactos ambientales y energéticos de las circunvalaciones urbanas. El caso de la M-40

This article presents general aspects of some of the impacts produced by the construction of urban bypasses. A brief description is also given of the methodology followed in the quantification of some environmental and energy impacts that arose from the opening to traffic of the Northwest stretch of the Madrid M-40 ring road.En el presente artículo se exponen aspectos generales acerca de algunos impactos derivados de la construcción de circunvalaciones urbanas. Se detalla también brevemente la metodología seguida en la cuantificación de algunos de los efectos ambientales y energéticos derivados de la apertura del tramo Noroeste de la circunvalación a Madrid "M-40"

Transformación del paisaje y de la red viaria en la comunidad de Madrid durante el período 1972-1982

The increasingly intense influence of man on the environment offers numerous examples of regressive actions: ploughing, public works, disposition of wastes etc.. which, due to their frequency and territorial dimensions, alter landscapes and cause many important impacts. These actions arise from different policies which require general transformation of the environment in order to reach their objectives. In this context, the present article explains the methodology followed and the results obtained in a research whose principal purpose was to relate the transformation which the landscape of the Madrid Community underwent in the period between 1972- Í982 with the road network evolution and the changes in accessibility to different points of the territory registered during this period. These changes happened as a direct consequence of the transport policy developed in the decade.La incidencia del hombre sobre la naturaleza, cada vez más intensa, ofrece múltiples ejemplos de acciones regresivas: roturaciones, obras públicas, disposición de residuos etc., que por su frecuencia y dimensión territorial alteran los paisajes y causan numerosos e importantes impactos sobre el medio; son acciones derivadas de políticas que para alcanzar sus objetivos precisan de una transformación generalizada del medio. En este contexto, el presente artículo expone la metodología seguida y los resultados obtenidos como fruto de una investigación que ha tenido, como objetivo prioritario, poner en relación la transformación experimentada por el paisaje de la Comunidad de Madrid, durante el período 1972-1982, con la evolución de la red de carreteras y los cambios en la accesibilidad de los distintos puntos del territorio registrados a lo largo de ese mismo período, cambios que son consecuencia directa de la política de transportes desarrollada en la década en la cual se ha centrado el estudio

Wireless Sensor Networks Node with Remote HW/SW Reconfiguration Capabilities

The inclusion of reconfigurable HW in nodes for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is not a common issue in the framework of the design of state of the art HW platforms for WSNs, mainly due to its high power consumption. But, on the other hand, reconfigurable logic as FPGAs can contribute to improve the system performance by providing not only HW acceleration as it has already been demonstrated by several research groups, but also the possibility of node HW updates after WSN deployment. This paper presents an entire working flow to generate, remotely configure and reconfigure the HW and SW in a reconfigurable node platform for WSNs. The presented reconfiguration working flow targets the custom HW platform designed at CEI (Centro de Electronica Industrial), where the processing is carried out by both a microcontroller and a partially reconfigurable Xilinx FPGA. The presented reconfiguration process is based on the JTAG protocol and thus permits to port the system to new, less power consuming FPGAs that are appearing in the market to solve problems related to energy lifetim

Programa de salud para la prevención de zoonosis relacionadas con la convivencia con animales domésticos

Las zoonosis son enfermedades infecciosas en las cuales el reservorio natural es un animal. Estas enfermedades afectan a toda la población y sobre todo a niños y ancianos. En cambio, los sistemas sanitarios, no prestan suficiente atención ni recursos y la incidencia de estas enfermedades aumenta cada año, suponiendo un gran problema para la sanidad pública. La prevención de las zoonosis es sencilla y con coste económico bajo. Si evitamos o eliminamos el mecanismo de transmisión con conductas higiénicas como el lavado de manos o la salud de la mascota, podemos evitar la enfermedad.<br /

Crónica de Derecho Internacional Público. Año 2006

El presente artículo expone los desarrollos habidos durante el año 2006 en diversos sectores e instituciones del Derecho Internacional Público: Organización de las Naciones Unidas, mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales, Tribunales internacionales, donde se exponen los casos resueltos por la Corte Internacional de Justicia y el Consejo General de la Organización Mundial del Comercio, así como la celebración del décimo aniversario del Tribunal Internacional para el Derecho del Mar, Derechos Humanos, donde se destaca la creación del Consejo de Derechos Humanos como órgano que sucede a la Comisión de Derechos Humanos, y Acuerdos internacionales de interés para España en 2006, concluidos, aplicados provisionalmente o entrados en vigor durante el año.This articles presents the developments occurred during 2006 in several fields and institutions of Public International Law: United Nations Organisation, the maintenance of international peace and security, international courts, where the cases ruled by the International Court of Justice and the General Council of the World Trade Organisation are presented, as well as the celebrations ot the tenth anniversary of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Human Rights, matter about which the creation of the Human Rights Council, as the body that succeeds the Human Rights Commission, is emphasized, and international agreements that have had interest for Spain in 2006, signed, provisionally enforced or come into force during that year

The Influence of Host Fruit and Temperature on the Body Size of Adult Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) under Laboratory and Field conditions

The adult body size of the Mediterranean fruit ßy, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), varies in natural conditions. Body size is an important Þtness indicator in the Mediterranean fruit ßy;largerindividuals are more competitive at mating and have a greater dispersion capacity and fertility. Both temperature during larval development and host fruit quality have been cited as possible causes for this variation.We studied the inßuence of host fruit and temperature during larval development on adult body size (wing area) in the laboratory, and determined body size variation in Þeld populations of the Mediterannean fruit ßy in eastern Spain. Field ßies measured had two origins: 1) ßies periodically collected throughout the year in Þeld traps from 32 citrus groves, during the period 2003Ð2007; and 2) ßies evolved from different fruit species collected between June and December in 2003 and 2004. In the lab, wing area of male and female adults varied signiÞcantly with temperature during larval development, being larger at the lowest temperature. Adult size also was signiÞcantly different depending on the host fruit in which larvae developed. The size of the ßies captured at the Þeld, either from traps or from fruits, varied seasonally showing a gradual pattern of change along the year. The largest individuals were obtained during winter and early spring and the smallest during late summer. In Þeld conditions, the size of the adult Mediterannean fruit ßy seems apparently more related with air temperature than with host fruit. The implications of this adult size pattern on the biology ofC. capitata and on the application of the sterile insect technique are discussed.We thank Apostolos Pekas for his useful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This work was supported by the project RTA03-103-C6-3 assigned to F. G. M. from the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain.Navarro Campos, C.; Martínez Ferrer, MT.; Campos, J.; Fibla, JM.; Alcaide, J.; Bargues Desolmes, L.; Marzal Moreno, C.... (2011). The Influence of Host Fruit and Temperature on the Body Size of Adult Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) under Laboratory and Field conditions. Environmental Entomology. 90(4):931-938. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN10302S931938904Albajes R. Santiago-Alvarez C. 1980. Influencia de la temperatura en el desarrollo de Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Trypetidae). An. INIA. 13: 183–190.Angilletta, Jr.,, M. J., & Dunham, A. E. (2003). The Temperature‐Size Rule in Ectotherms: Simple Evolutionary Explanations May Not Be General. The American Naturalist, 162(3), 332-342. doi:10.1086/377187Arita L.H. Kaneshiro K.Y. 1988. Body size and differential mating success between males of two populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly. Pac. Sci. 42: 173–177.Atkinson D. 1994. 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A., RATNA, E., SGRÒ, C. M., BARTON, M., BLACKET, M., HALLAS, R., … WEEKS, A. R. (2007). Antagonistic selection between adult thorax and wing size in field released Drosophila melanogaster independent of thermal conditions. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 20(6), 2219-2227. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01422.xInglesfield C. 1982. Larval hosts, adult body size and population quality in Ceratitis capitata Wied.: a laboratory study. Annali della Facoltà di Agraria dell'Università di Sassari. 28: 25–39.Israely, N., Yuval, B., Kitron, U., & Nestel, D. (1997). Population Fluctuations of Adult Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a Mediterranean Heterogeneous Agricultural Region. Environmental Entomology, 26(6), 1263-1269. doi:10.1093/ee/26.6.1263Joaquim-Bravo I.S. Guimaraes A.N. Magalhaes T.C. Nascimento A.S. 2010. Performance of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in fruits: comparison of two laboratory populations. Neotrop. 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Early in vitro response of macrophages and T lymphocytes to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatites

Hypothesis: Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) and Si substituted hydroxyapatite (SiHA) are calcium phosphate ceramics currently used in the field of dentistry and orthopaedic surgery. The preparation of both biomaterials as polycrystalline solid pieces or grains formed by nanocrystallites has awakened a great interest to enhance the bioactive behavior due to the microstructural defects and the higher surface area. The study of the macrophage and lymphocyte behavior in contact with nanocrystalline HA and SiHA will allow to elucidate the immune response which conditions the success or rejection of these biomaterials. Experiments: HA and SiHA granules (with sizes of tens of microns) have been prepared by controlled aqueous precipitation avoiding subsequent high temperature sintering. HA and SiHA granules were constituted by crystallites smaller than 50 nm. The effects of both nanocrystalline materials on immune system have been evaluated with macrophages (main components of innate immune system) and T lymphocytes (specific cells of adaptive response) after short-term culture as in vitro models of the early immune response. Findings: Significant decreases of macrophage proliferation and phagocytic activity, increased production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a) and T lymphocyte apoptosis, were induced by these nanocrystalline ceramics suggesting that, after in vivo implantation, they induce significant effects on immune responses, including an early activation of the innate immune system. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved