Desempenho agronômico do sorgo em função de doses e épocas de aplicação do herbicida 2,4-d.

A cultura do sorgo está inserida no plano atual de manejo dos sistemas agrícolas nos cerrados, todavia são escassos os estudos em campo quanto à seletividade e comportamento da cultura ao herbicida 2,4-D. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos do 2,4-D sobre o crescimento das plantas, a produção de fitomassa seca e fitomassa verde e a produtividade de grãos na cultura do sorgo. O experimento foi realizado entre janeiro e maio de 2008, em Nova Xavantina-MT, em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico. O sorgo (cultivar Buster) foi semeado em área cultivada sob sistema de plantio direto, em espaçamento de 0,50 m entre linhas, distribuindo-se 10 sementes por metro. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, envolvendo quatro doses de 2,4-D (0, 335, 670 e 1.005 g ha-1) e quatro épocas de aplicação (pré-semeadura, três folhas expandidas, seis folhas expandidas e pré-florescimento). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. O controle de plantas daninhas na cultura foi realizado manualmente, com utilização de enxada. Verificou-se efeito fitotóxico à cultura do sorgo pelo 2,4-D aos 15 dias após a aplicação (DAA), independentemente da dose ou época de aplicação. O incremento das doses de 2,4-D provocou redução linear da altura de plantas, acúmulo de fitomassa verde e acúmulo de fitomassa seca, tanto aos 30 DAA quanto no ponto de rolagem. A aplicação do 2,4-D prejudica a produtividade do sorgo, especialmente em doses acima de 1.005 g ha-1 e.a. e em aplicações tardias. De maneira geral, a utilização do 2,4-D em pré-semeadura mostrou-se uma boa alternativa no manejo das plantas daninhas na cultura do sorgo. Agronomic Performance of Sorghum as a Response to 2,4-D Application Dosage and Times. Sorghum is part of the current plan of agricultural system management for the cerrado. However, few field studies have been carried out on this culture?s behavior and selectivity towards herbicide 2,4 D. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2,4-D on plant growth, dry matter production and green biomass and grain yield in sorghum. The experiment was conducted between January and May 2008 in Nova Xavantina-MT in dystrophic Oxisol. Sorghum (cv. Buster) was sown in a cultivated area under no-tillage, with 0.50 m spacing between rows, and ten seeds distributed per meter. Treatments were arranged in a 4 x 4, involving four levels of 2,4-D (0, 335, 670, and 1.005 g ha-1) and four application times (pre-sowing, three fully-expanded leaves, six leaves, and pre-flowering).A randomized block design was used, with four replications. Weed control in the culture was performed manually, using a hoe. Toxic effects caused to sorghum by 2,4-D were observed at 15 days after application (DAA), regardless of dose or time of application. The increasing levels of 2,4-D caused a linear reduction in plant height, biomass and green dry matter accumulation, both at 30 DAA as the point of rollover. The application of 2,4-D affected sorghum yield, especially at doses above 1.005 g ha-1 and late applications. In general, the use of 2,4-D in pre-sowing proved to be a good alternative for the management of weeds in sorghum crop

Ciclagem de nutrientes por plantas de cobertura no cerrado.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de plantas cultivadas quanto ao acúmulo e a liberação de nutrientes, durante o período de entressafra, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO e Rio Verde, GO. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com as plantas de cobertura avaliadas nas parcelas, e nas subparcelas, as épocas de coleta de fitomassa, com quatro repetições

Produção de fitomassa por plantas de cobertura no cerrado.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produção de fitomassa por plantas de cobertura semeadas em safrinha no desempenho do arroz de terras altas e soja, semeada em rotação, em sistema de plantio direto e preparo convencional, em Latossolo Vermelho do município de Rio Verde, Goiás. O trabalho foi realizado no período de abril de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009. Utilizou-se o delineamento em faixas, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com quatro repetições. Nas faixas horizontais foram testadas as plantas de cobertura, nas faixas verticais dois sistemas de manejo (plantio direto e convencional, ambos com três anos de implantação), e nas subparcelas seis épocas de coletas de fitomassa após a dessecação das plantas de cobertura, que ocorreu aos 0 , 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias à partir da dessecação de manejo das plantas de cobertura, com quatro repetições

Effect of crotamine, a cell-penetrating peptide, on blastocyst production and gene expression of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T10:29:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cnpgl2014ZygoteEffectofcrotamine.pdf: 409383 bytes, checksum: d2225aa35a48dc4200a05127e91eab4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-04201

Cachexia-associated adipose tissue morphological rearrangement in gastrointestinal cancer patients

Background and aims: Cachexia is a syndrome characterized by marked involuntary loss of body weight. Recently, adipose tissue (AT) wasting has been shown to occur before the appearance of other classical cachexia markers. We investigated the composition and rearrangement of the extracellular matrix, adipocyte morphology and inflammation in the subcutaneous AT (scAT) pad of gastrointestinal cancer patients. Methods: surgical biopsies for scAT were obtained from gastrointestinal cancer patients, who were signed up into the following groups: cancer cachexia (CC, n = 11), weight‐stable cancer (WSC, n = 9) and weight‐stable control (non‐cancer) (control, n = 7). The stable weight groups were considered as those with no important weight change during the last year and body mass index <25 kg/m2. Subcutaneous AT fibrosis was quantified and characterized by quantitative PCR, histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results: the degree of fibrosis and the distribution and collagen types (I and III) were different in WSC and CC patients. CC patients showed more pronounced fibrosis in comparison with WSC. Infiltrating macrophages surrounding adipocytes and CD3 Ly were found in the fibrotic areas of scAT. Subcutaneous AT fibrotic areas demonstrated increased monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1) and Cluster of Differentiation (CD)68 gene expression in cancer patients. Conclusions: our data indicate architectural modification consisting of fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in scAT as induced by cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer patients. The latter was characterized by the presence of macrophages and lymphocytes, more evident in the fibrotic areas. In addition, increased MCP‐1 and CD68 gene expression in scAT from cancer patients may indicate an important role of these markers in the early phases of cancer

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de feijão-caupi de portes ereto e semiereto na região Nordeste do Brasil.

Estudos de adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos são importantes nas fases finais de um programa de melhoramento para subsidiar a recomendação de novas cultivares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de feijão-caupi de portes ereto e semiereto na região Nordeste do Brasil. Foram avaliados 20 genótipos, sendo 16 linhagens e quatro cultivares, em 38 ambientes dos estados de Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte e Sergipe, no triênio 2010-2012. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. A adaptabilidade e estabilidade dos genótipos foram analisadas por meio da metodologia de Lin e Bins modificado por Carneiro (1998). Observaram-se diferenças para os efeitos de genótipos, ambientes e interação genótipo x ambiente. A linhagem MNC02-683F-1 e as cultivares BRS Guariba e BRS Cauamé apresentam ampla adaptabilidade e alta estabilidade aos ambientes do Nordeste do Brasil, sendo BRS Guariba mais adaptada a ambientes favoráveis, já MNC02-683F-1, a ambientes desfavoráveis.CONAC 2012. Disponível em: http://www.conac2012.org/resumos/pdf/124h.pdf. Acesso em: 18 jul. 2013

Results from On-The-Ground Efforts to Promote Sustainable Cattle Ranching in the Brazilian Amazon

Agriculture in Brazil is booming. Brazil has the world’s second largest cattle herd and is the second largest producer of soybeans, with the production of beef, soybeans, and bioethanol forecast to increase further. Questions remain, however, about how Brazil can reconcile increases in agricultural production with protection of its remaining natural vegetation. While high hopes have been placed on the potential for intensification of low-productivity cattle ranching to spare land for other agricultural uses, cattle productivity in the Amazon biome (29% of the Brazilian cattle herd) remains stubbornly low, and it is not clear how to realize theoretical productivity gains in practice. We provide results from six initiatives in the Brazilian Amazon, which are successfully improving cattle productivity in beef and dairy production on more than 500,000 hectares of pastureland, while supporting compliance with the Brazilian Forest Code. Spread across diverse geographies, and using a wide range of technologies, participating farms have improved productivity by 30–490%. High-productivity cattle ranching requires some initial investment (R$1300–6900/ha or US$410–2180/ha), with average pay-back times of 2.5–8.5 years. We conclude by reflecting on the challenges that must be overcome to scale up these young initiatives, avoid rebound increases in deforestation, and mainstream sustainable cattle ranching in the Amazon

Selection of high-performance black-eyed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) through GYT biplot analysis: a new methodology based on multiple characteristics.

Cowpea bean is a common crop quite appreciated in Brazil. However, it is known that its low yield depending on soil and climatic conditions. The aim of this research is the selection of high-performance black-eyed cowpea through GYT biplot analysis. Twelve (12) cowpea bean strains were assessed between 2016 and. The study followed a randomized complete block design, with four repetitions; two commercial cultivars were used ascheck. The following variables were assessed: number of days required for flowering, final stand, value for cultivation, pod yield, pod length, mean number of grains per pod and grain weight. The analysis of variance showed genetic variability between strains, differences between the assessed years and different strain-performance in each growing year. Based on the GYT biplot graph, cultivar BRS Itaim, and strains L9 and L7 recorded the best performance for the set of yield characteristics. Variable ?pod length? had positive correlation to bedding, number of days required for flowering and number of grains per pod. Variable ?100-grain weight? had positive correlation to final stand, pod yield and mean grain weight per pod. Strains L9, L7 and cultivar BRS Itaim recorded the best yield regarding the assessed variables