Variation in the Ovine Abomasal Lymph Node Transcriptome between Breeds Known to Differ in Resistance to the Gastrointestinal Nematode

Texel lambs are known to be more resistant to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection than Suffolk lambs, with a greater ability to limit infection. The objectives of this study were to: 1) profile the whole transcriptome of abomasal lymph node tissue of GIN-free Texel and Suffolk lambs; 2) identify differentially expressed genes and characterize the immune-related biological pathways and networks associated with these genes. Abomasal lymph nodes were collected from Texel (n = 6) and Suffolk (n = 4) lambs aged 19 weeks that had been GIN-free since 6 weeks of age. Whole transcriptome profiling was performed using RNA-seq on the Illumina platform. At the time of conducting this study, a well annotated Ovine genome was not available and hence the sequence reads were aligned with the Bovine (UMD3.1) genome. Identification of differentially expressed genes was followed by pathway and network analysis. The Suffolk breed accounted for significantly more of the differentially expressed genes, (276 more highly expressed in Suffolk v 162 in Texel; P < 0.001). The four most significant differentially expressed pathways were all related to immunity and were classified as: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Recognition of Bacteria and Viruses, Activation of IRF by Cytosolic Pattern Recognition Receptors, Role of RIG-I-like Receptors in Antiviral Innate Immunity, and Interferon Signaling. Of significance is the fact that all of these four pathways were more highly expressed in the Suffolk. These data suggest that in a GIN-free environment, Suffolk lambs have a more active immune profile relative to the Texel: this immune profile may contribute to the poorer efficiency of response to a GIN challenge in the Suffolk breed compared to the Texel breed

Organic pollutants in sea-surface microlayer and aerosol in thecoastal environment of Leghorn—(Tyrrhenian Sea)

The levels of dissolved and particle-associated n-alkanes, alkylbenzenes, phthalates, PAHs, anionic surfactants and surfactant fluorescent organic matter ŽSFOM. were measured in sea-surface microlayer ŽSML. and sub-surface water ŽSSL. samples collected in the Leghorn marine environment in September and October 1999. Nine stations, located in the Leghorn harbour and at increasing distances from the Port, were sampled three times on the same day. At all the stations, SML concentrations of the selected organic compounds were significantly higher than SSL values and the enrichment factors ŽEFsSML concentrationrSSL concentration. were greater in the particulate phase than in the dissolved phase. SML concentrations varied greatly among the sampling sites, the highest levels Žn-alkanes 3674 mgrl, phthalates 177 mgrl, total PAHs 226 mgrl. being found in the particulate phase in the Leghorn harbour. To improve the knowledge on pollutant exchanges between sea-surface waters and atmosphere, the validity of spray drop adsorption model ŽSDAM. was verified for SFOM, surface-active agents, such as phthalates, and compounds which can interact with SFOM, such as n-alkanes and PAHs. q2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

A cold water extract of Fucus vesiculosus inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced pro-inflammatory responses in the porcine colon ex-vivo model

The objectives of this experiment were to compare the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of crude extracts (cold water (CWE), hot water and 80% ethanol extract) of F. vesiculosus and to predict the key molecular targets of the extract with most anti-inflammatory activity in-vitro. In TNF-α challenged Caco-2 cells, of the three crude extracts, the CWE exhibited maximum inhibition of IL-8 production. In the ex-vivo challenged porcine colonic tissue, CWE inhibited the expression (> 2 fold) of inflammatory mediators (PTGS2, C5, LYZ), cytokines (IL17A, IL8), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL10, CXCL11), cell adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1), toll like receptors (TLR4, TLR7) and components of NF-κB (NFKB1, RELB), MAPK (MAP3K8) and AP-1 (CJUN) pathways. The gene expression analysis suggest that the CWE does contain immunomodulatory bioactive compound/s that mediated through the interferon regulatory system 2, TNF-α inducing protein 3 and TNF-α receptor 2 and thus has potential application for human and animal health

Variation in the ovine abomasal lymph node transcriptome between breeds known to differ in resistance to the gastrointestinal nematode

Texel lambs are known to be more resistant to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection than Suffolk lambs, with a greater ability to limit infection. The objectives of this study were to: 1) profile the whole transcriptome of abomasal lymph node tissue of GIN-free Texel and Suffolk lambs; 2) identify differentially expressed genes and characterize the immune-related biological pathways and networks associated with these genes. Abomasal lymph nodes were collected from Texel (n = 6) and Suffolk (n = 4) lambs aged 19 weeks that had been GIN-free since 6 weeks of age. Whole transcriptome profiling was performed using RNAseq on the Illumina platform. At the time of conducting this study, a well annotated Ovine genome was not available and hence the sequence reads were aligned with the Bovine (UMD3.1) genome. Identification of differentially expressed genes was followed by pathway and network analysis. The Suffolk breed accounted for significantly more of the differentially expressed genes, (276 more highly expressed in Suffolk v 162 in Texel; P &amp;lt; 0.001). The four most significant differentially expressed pathways were all related to immunity and were classified as: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Recognition of Bacteria and Viruses, Activation of IRF by Cytosolic Pattern Recognition Receptors, Role of RIG-I-like Receptors in Antiviral Innate Immunity, and Interferon Signaling. Of significance is the fact that all of these four pathways were more highly expressed in the Suffolk. These data suggest that in a GIN-free environment, Suffolk lambs have a more active immune profile relative to the Texel: this immune profile may contribute to the poorer efficiency of response to a GIN challenge in the Suffolk breed compared to the Texel breed

Schematic representation of the <i>Infectious Disease</i>, <i>Antimicrobial Response and Inflammatory Response</i> interaction network from IPA.

<p>Genes within the pathway showing differential expression are highlighted in colour. The colour intensity indicates the degree of elevated expression in Suffolk (red) or in Texel (green). Grey shading indicates genes that were not differentially expressed; white shading represents genes in the pathway not represented on the RNA-seq data.</p

Schematic representation of the <i>Role of RIG-I likes receptors in antiviral innate immunity</i> pathway from IPA.

<p>Genes within the pathway showing differential expression are highlighted in colour. The colour intensity indicates the degree of elevated expression in Suffolk (red) or in Texel (green). Grey shading indicates genes that were not differentially expressed; white shading represents genes in the pathway not represented on the RNA-seq data.</p

Major functional annotation clusters (top 10 annotation clusters based on z-score) of genes that were differentially expressed in Suffolk breed.

<p>Major functional annotation clusters (top 10 annotation clusters based on z-score) of genes that were differentially expressed in Suffolk breed.</p

Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 594 base pair region of major envelop protein (B2L) gene of orf virus isolate SV178/12 in Suffolk (Lane 1 to 4) and Texel (Lane 5 to 9) animals.

<p>M- molecular weight marker.</p