Ukupni i specifični mortalitet u radnika izloženih azbestu od 1907. do 1985. godine

Total and cause-specific mortality data for the 1907 -1985 period were compared between cohorts of male asbestos-cement workers (N = 1908) and referents (N = 726), using Poisson regression modelling. The rate ratio (RR) for total mortality was significantly increased (1.3) among the exposed workers, as was mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease (RR= 2.2). Numerically, but not statistically significantly, raised ratios were found for respiratory (RR= 1.6) and gastrointestinal (RR= 1.3) cancers. The trend in the rate ratio for total mortality with time was better fitted with a curved line, than with a monotonic one, because of a period of increased risk up to the 1950s, and another one starting after 1970.Ukupni i specifični mortalitet za razdoblje od 1907. do 1985. godine uspoređen je u kohortama muških radnika koji su bili izloženi azbestu (N = 1908) s kontrolama (N = 726) pomoću Poissonove regresijske analize. Koeficijent regresije (RR) za ukupni mortalitet, kao i mortalitet od nemalignih respiratornih bolesti bio je statistički značajno viši i iznosio je 1,3, odnosno 2,2. Povećanje ovog koeficijenta nađeno je i za plućni (1,6) i gastrointestinalni karcinom (1,3), ali vrijednosti nisu statistički značajne

Nya arbetsmiljöplanen inte långsiktigt hållbar

Globalisering, ny teknologi och demografiska förändringar innebär genomgripande förändringar av arbetsmiljö och arbetsorganisation. Om arbetsmiljöpolitiken då inte är tydlig och viljeinriktad finns en påtaglig risk för ett polariserat arbetsliv, där de som kan välja mellan olika arbetsgivare får en god och utvecklande arbetsmiljö, medan de andra riskerar att bli hänvisade till förhållanden där inte ens arbetsmiljölagens minimikrav efterlevs. Det snedvrider konkurrensen, och ger negativa spiraler vad gäller arbetsmiljö, arbetsrelaterad ohälsa och gap i hälsa mellan olika grupper i samhället

Mineralna vlakna, fibroza i azbestna tjelešca u plućnom tkivu radnika koji su bili izloženi azbestnom cementu

Samples of lung tissue taken from deceased asbestos-cement workers, with (N = 7) and without (N = 69) mesothelioma, and from individually matched controls (N = 96) were examined. The number of asbestos bodies and the grade of fibrosis were determined with light microscopy, and the type, size, and number of fibres with transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The asbestos content was, as expected, higher among the exposed workers than among the controls. Chrysotile was the major fibre type in terms of fibre count. Conversion to fibre mass reversed the pattern to a predominance of amphibole fibres, and accentuated the differences between exposed workers and controls. Duration of exposure and the number of asbestos bodies displayed significant associations with all the singular amphiboles (amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, and anthophyllite), but not with chrysotile. Fibrosis was related to the tremolite content, but not to chrysotile, both among exposed workers and controls. The workers with mesothelioma had higher levels of crocidolite and tremolite than the other asbestos-cement workers.Ispitivani su uzorci plućnog tkiva umrlih radnika koji su bili izloženi azbestnom cementu, s mezoteliomom, i bez njega, i njihovim odgovarajućim kontrolama. Broj azbestnih tjelešaca i stupanj fibroze određeni su svjetlosnim mikroskopom, a tip, veličina i broj vlakana elektronskom mikroskopijom i rendgenskom spektrometrijom. Sadržaj azbesta bio je veći kod izloženih radnika negoli u kontrola. Krizotilna vlakna bila su najbrojnija među formiranim vlaknima. Nađena je da je duljina izloženosti i broj azbestnih tjelešaca u korelaciji sa svim pojedinačnim amfolitima (amozit, krocidolit, tremolit i antofilit), ali ne i s krizotilom. Nalaz fibroze bio je u korelaciji s tremolitom, za razliku od krizolita, i to u eksponiranih i kontrolnih radnika. Uzorci plućnog tkiva radnika s mezoteliomom sadržavali su više krocidolita i tremolita od drugih radnika koji su bili izloženi azbestnom cementu

The mediatization of the final debate : A quantitative study of mediatization in final debates and how it differ in commercial media and public service

In line with the growing importance of today’s media the concept of mediatization has grown. Mediatization is described as the dynamic relationship between media and politics, and the process of change that has increased the influence of media. When it comes to research about mediatization in politics, it is still a somewhat undiscovered field. The previous research that has been made has for the most part focused on the news media’s coverage of the election campaigns, but not so much in other political contexts such as TV-broadcasted debates. This study has focused on the Swedish public service channel SVT and the commercial newspaper Aftonbladet, and their final debate before the Swedish election in 2022. Why these TV-broadcasted debates were focused on in this study, is because of their big impact on the election’s outcome. This impact is something that has grown bigger and bigger, and in today’s society, the final debates are the ones that have the biggest impact during the election campaigns. Because of this, the study is important and relevant for closing a research gap. The main purpose of the study was to compare the two debates, researching in which ways the debates differ in mediatization and looking into if there are any differences between public service and commercial media. To accomplish this, a quantitative content analysis was made, where several different variables designed according to previous studie’s indications on mediatization were looked at in the debates. All these indications that were studied, are indications on mediatization and are good tools to examine when researching mediatization. The results of the study showed that there were a difference between the two media’s when it comes to mediatization in their final debate before the election. Mediatization occurred in both, but the commercial media, Aftonbladet, were more embossed by mediatization. Of the four examined indications of mediatization, three were in favor of Aftonbladet. Interesting though is that the indication which is how commercialized the debate was, the commercial media (Aftonbladet) and the public service (SVT), almost had no difference between them. But looking at the greater picture, the commercial media’s debate was more mediatized and the difference was in the end significant

Physiotherapists experiences of possibilities and challenges with implementing evidence : A qualitative interview study

Background: It has been proven to be a challenge for physiotherapists to utilize evidence within their practice. Conducting evidence-based care is a requirement for providing good care and a requirement in the legitimation for Swedish physiotherapists. Aim: To explore physiotherapists experiences of their possibilities and challenges in implementing prevailing evidence in their practice. Method: A qualitative method was applied with a semi-structured interview guide. A choice of convenience sampling was made with 5 physiotherapists from a region in Sweden with the aim of getting as wide a sample as possible. The analysis of the data was done through a qualitative content analysis. Results: Physiotherapists felt that the challenges were based on their work environment and that the Swedish care structure  measures quantity over quality. Other contributing challenging factors mentioned where lack of time, low interest from managers, lack of training and difficulties in understanding and evaluating the different parts of the evidence model. Opportunities that were raised were the mutual learning among colleagues in the workplace and that research is easily accessible with today's technology. Conclusion: This study shows that in order for physiotherapists to feel that they have good opportunities to implement evidence, one needs to try to eliminate the various challenges that arise within their work environment. This can enable organizations in which physiotherapists work to gain an understanding of what needs to be focused on and improved in order for physiotherapists to be able to implement evidence-based care and therefore increase the quality of care for patients.Bakgrund: Det har visat sig vara en utmaning för fysioterapeuter att använda sig av evidens inom sitt verksamhetsområde. Att bedriva en evidensbaserad vård är en nödvändighet för att bedriva en god vård och ett krav i legitimationen för svenska fysioterapeuter. Syfte: Att utforska fysioterapeuters upplevelser av sina möjligheter och utmaningar med att implementera rådande evidens inom sitt verksamhetsområde. Metod: En kvalitativ metod tillämpades med en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Ett bekvämlighetsval användes där 5 fysioterapeuter valdes från en region i Sverige och med syfte att få så brett urval som möjligt. Analysen av data gjordes genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fysioterapeuterna upplevde att utmaningarna främst grundade sig i deras arbetsmiljö och att den svenska vårdstrukturen är mer uppbyggd för att mäta kvantitet och inte kvalité. Andra nämnda bidragande utmanande faktorer var tidsbrist, lågt intresse från chefer, brist på utbildning och svårigheter med att förstå och värdera evidensmodellens olika delar. Möjligheter som togs upp var det gemensamma lärandet bland kollegor på arbetsplatsen och att forskningen är lättillgänglig med dagens teknik. Konklusion: Den här studien visar att om fysioterapeuter ska uppleva att de har goda möjligheter att implementera evidens så behöver man försöka eliminera de olika utmaningar som finns inom deras arbetsmiljö. Detta kan möjliggöra att organisationer som fysioterapeuter jobbar inom kan få en förståelse för vad man behöver fokusera på och förbättra för att fysioterapeuter ska kunna implementera en evidensbaserad vård och därmed öka vårdkvalitén för patienter

BUILDING ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL FLOORS OF HOUSING ON PARKING GARAGES

Syfte: I Sverige råder det en stor bostadsbrist. En lösning för att skapa nya bostäder i tätbebyggda områden är vertikal förtätning. Detta kan ske via våningspåbyggnad av bostäder på parkeringshus. Denna typ av påbyggnad ställer dock krav på den befintliga byggnaden. Rapportens syfte är att fungera som ett underlag vid projektering av konstruktion, brand och installationer vid framtida projekt av liknande slag. Målet är vidare att analysera och sammanställa olika byggnadstekniska lösningar som används vid våningspåbyggnad av bostäder på parkeringshus. Detta skall besvaras genom följande frågeställningar: Vilka konstruktionstyper tillämpas vid våningspåbyggnad på ett parkeringshus och vilka krav ställer påbyggnaden på den befintliga stommen? Vilka brandkrav ställs på denna typ av våningspåbyggnad och hur uppfylls dessa? Hur förses påbyggnaden med installationer?   Metod: Rapporten bygger på en kvalitativ fallstudie där intervjuer och dokumentanalyser legat till grund för empirin. För att styrka studien med teori har en litteraturstudie genomförts.   Resultat: Resultatet visar att en lätt stomme har använts till samtliga våningspåbyggnader, däremot har valet av stommaterial skiljt sig åt. Kapaciteten på den befintliga byggnadens grund har varit avgörande för om en våningspåbyggnad varit möjlig. Placering av våningspåbyggnaden har berott på om boyta eller antalet parkeringsplatser prioriterats högst. Brandkraven på denna typ av byggnad kan likställas med kraven som ställs på en nybyggnad av bostäder. Detta har inneburit att förändringar på de befintliga parkeringshusen varit nödvändiga för att uppfylla kraven. Nya installationsschakt har placerats både in- och utvändigt av den befintliga byggnaden.   Konsekvenser: De slutsatser och rekommendationer, utifrån rapportens innehåll, består främst av vikten i att göra en noggrann inventering av den befintliga byggnaden. Det handlar om byggnadens kapacitet och vilka eventuella förstärkningsarbeten som krävs innan en våningspåbyggnad.   Begränsningar: Studien avgränsar sig från byggnadstekniska beräkningar och ekonomiska kalkyler. Arbetet har begränsats utifrån en viss mängd ord och tidsram, utan dessa hade möjligheten funnits att göra en mer djupgående analys av studiens referensobjekt. Detta genom att intervjua ytterligare aktörer inom fler konsultområden för de valda referensobjekten.Purpose: In Sweden, there is a shortage of housing and a solution for creating new housing in urban areas is vertical densification. Vertical densification can be done by adding floors of housing on top of existing parking garages. This type of extension sets demands on the existing building. The purpose of this thesis is to serve as a basis for the planning of construction, fire requirements and installations for future similar projects. The goal is furthermore to analyze and compile various building-technical solutions that are used when floors of housing are built on top of existing parking garages. The goal is answered by the following questions: Which types of construction are used for additional floors of housing on top of parking garages and what requirements does the extension have on the existing building? What fire requirements are imposed on this type of extension and how are they fulfilled? How are the additional floors of housing provided with installations?   Method: The report is based on a qualitative case study in which interviews and document analysis formed the basis of empirical data. To confirm the study with theory, a literature study has been conducted. Findings: The result shows that a light framework has been used for additional floors of housing, however, the choice of framework material has been different. The capacity of the existing building's foundation has been vital for whether an extension with housing has been possible. Placement of the extension has been due to whether the living space or the number of parking spaces is given as the highest priority. The fire requirements for this type of building can be equated with the requirements imposed on a new building of housing. This has meant that changes to the existing parking garages have been necessary to meet the requirements. New shafts for installations have been placed on both inside and outside of the existing building. Implications: The conclusions and recommendations, based on the content of the thesis, consist primarily of the importance of making an accurate inventory. It’s about the existing building's capacity and what possible reinforcement work it requires before an extension with housing. Limitations: The study delimits itself from construction engineering calculations and economic calculations. The work has been limited based on a variety of words and timeframe, without these it would be possible to make a more in-depth analysis of the study's reference objects. This would be done through interviewing more actors from additional consulting areas for the selected reference objects

Physiotherapists experiences of possibilities and challenges with implementing evidence : A qualitative interview study

Background: It has been proven to be a challenge for physiotherapists to utilize evidence within their practice. Conducting evidence-based care is a requirement for providing good care and a requirement in the legitimation for Swedish physiotherapists. Aim: To explore physiotherapists experiences of their possibilities and challenges in implementing prevailing evidence in their practice. Method: A qualitative method was applied with a semi-structured interview guide. A choice of convenience sampling was made with 5 physiotherapists from a region in Sweden with the aim of getting as wide a sample as possible. The analysis of the data was done through a qualitative content analysis. Results: Physiotherapists felt that the challenges were based on their work environment and that the Swedish care structure  measures quantity over quality. Other contributing challenging factors mentioned where lack of time, low interest from managers, lack of training and difficulties in understanding and evaluating the different parts of the evidence model. Opportunities that were raised were the mutual learning among colleagues in the workplace and that research is easily accessible with today's technology. Conclusion: This study shows that in order for physiotherapists to feel that they have good opportunities to implement evidence, one needs to try to eliminate the various challenges that arise within their work environment. This can enable organizations in which physiotherapists work to gain an understanding of what needs to be focused on and improved in order for physiotherapists to be able to implement evidence-based care and therefore increase the quality of care for patients.Bakgrund: Det har visat sig vara en utmaning för fysioterapeuter att använda sig av evidens inom sitt verksamhetsområde. Att bedriva en evidensbaserad vård är en nödvändighet för att bedriva en god vård och ett krav i legitimationen för svenska fysioterapeuter. Syfte: Att utforska fysioterapeuters upplevelser av sina möjligheter och utmaningar med att implementera rådande evidens inom sitt verksamhetsområde. Metod: En kvalitativ metod tillämpades med en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Ett bekvämlighetsval användes där 5 fysioterapeuter valdes från en region i Sverige och med syfte att få så brett urval som möjligt. Analysen av data gjordes genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fysioterapeuterna upplevde att utmaningarna främst grundade sig i deras arbetsmiljö och att den svenska vårdstrukturen är mer uppbyggd för att mäta kvantitet och inte kvalité. Andra nämnda bidragande utmanande faktorer var tidsbrist, lågt intresse från chefer, brist på utbildning och svårigheter med att förstå och värdera evidensmodellens olika delar. Möjligheter som togs upp var det gemensamma lärandet bland kollegor på arbetsplatsen och att forskningen är lättillgänglig med dagens teknik. Konklusion: Den här studien visar att om fysioterapeuter ska uppleva att de har goda möjligheter att implementera evidens så behöver man försöka eliminera de olika utmaningar som finns inom deras arbetsmiljö. Detta kan möjliggöra att organisationer som fysioterapeuter jobbar inom kan få en förståelse för vad man behöver fokusera på och förbättra för att fysioterapeuter ska kunna implementera en evidensbaserad vård och därmed öka vårdkvalitén för patienter

Adaptive Detection of a Partly Known Signal Corrupted by Strong Interference

In this letter, we consider adaptive detection of a partly known signal corrupted by additive noise and strong interference with support that is only partly known. Assuming a homogeneous environment where the covariance matrix of the additive noise is the same for the primary and secondary data sets, although with the secondary data set also being affected by the interference, we allow for conic uncertainty models for both the signal and interference subspaces, developing a generalized likelihood ratio detector for the signal of interest. Numerical examples indicate that the proposed method offers a notable performance gain as compared to other recent related methods