Damage assessment in a reinforced concrete pedestal based on rotating machinery vibration analysis

Congreso celebrado en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Sevilla desde el 24 hasta el 26 de junio de 2015.A critical operational condition to be considered in the fatigue damage evaluation in reinforced concrete pedestals of power plants generation is the caused by the dynamic effects transmitted by the turbo-generator in terms of vibrations. The structural behavior of the turbo-generator under dynamics conditions is affected by its dimensional characteristics, the weight of each components and the performance of each supports on terms of stiffness and damping. In this study, a coupled finite element model FEM of the turbo-generator and reinforced concrete pedestal were developed in order to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the structure and the fatigue damage for different real operational conditions according to data obtained from field measurements. The FEM developed for the pedestal considers the inclusion of reinforcing steel structural elements within the concrete. The methodology was implemented to determine the critical zones to fatigue failure and an estimate of remaining fatigue life in the pedestal

Dinámica poblacional de tres palmas utilizadas en construcción (Lepidocaryum tenue, Socratea exorrhiza e Iriartea deltoidea): alternativas para su manejo sostenible en la Amazonia colombiana

Las palmas Iriartea deltoidea (barrigona o bombona), Socratea exhorriza (zancona o rayadora) y Lepidocaryum tenue (caraná o puy) son empleadas intensivamente en construcción en la Amazonia Colombiana. Iriartea deltoidea y Socratea exhorriza se usan por sus tallos, en estructuras de casas, pisos o artesanías, mientras Lepidocaryum tenue se usa por sus hojas para techar. Iriartea presenta un importante mercado en la ciudad de Mocoa, desde donde se despacha material en bruto o manufacturado a otras partes del país e incluso al exterior. Por su parte, Socratea y Lepidocaryum se comercializan juntas para los techos de caraná, el principal techo tradicional de gran parte de la Amazonia colombiana; a pesar de la amplitud de su uso, el comercio de estas dos especies es exclusivamente local, aunque en poblaciones grandes, como la ciudad de Leticia, se ha incrementado su demanda debido al auge de la actividad turística. La actividad extractiva de las tres especies se puede ver amenazada por la destrucción de los bosques en el caso de Iriartea o por malas prácticas y sobre explotación en el caso de Lepidocaryum y Socratea. Con el fin de determinar la sostenibilidad ecológica de la cosecha de las tres palmas se llevaron a cabo estudios demográficos entre 2007 – 2011 para Lepidocaryum y entre 2009 – 2012 para Iriartea y Socratea. Con los datos recolectados se emplearon modelos integrales de proyección con iteraciones estocásticas y factores densodependientes para Iriartea y Socratea, y modelos matriciales con iteraciones estocásticas para Lepidocaryum. Con los modelos se determinaron cuáles fueron las tasas vitales y los tamaños que más incidieron en el crecimiento de la población. Además, se realizaron proyecciones donde se simuló la extracción de tallos para Iriartea y Socratea o se modificaron las tasas vitales más importantes en el caso de Lepidocaryum. Por otro lado, se realizaron encuestas entre los artesanos y comercializadores de los productos de las tres palmas para documentar el comercio y manejo de las tres especies con el fin de conocer las debilidades de la cadena de valor y proponer alternativas de manejo adecuadas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la cosecha de Iriartea fue sostenible bajo las condiciones naturales observadas (sin modificar las tasas vitales); sin embargo, es necesario que se mantenga el bosque para que la regeneración sea efectiva, y las intensidades de cosecha no deben superar el 50 % de los individuos mayores o iguales a 20 m de alto, con turnos de cosecha cada 10 años. En el caso de Socratea las simulaciones de cosecha mostraron que cualquier extracción sobre las poblaciones observadas llevaría a la desaparición de la especie, debido a que los tamaños cosechables (≥ 15 m) son los que determinan el crecimiento poblacional; como alternativa para este inconveniente se recomienda realizar siembras o enriquecimientos del bosque con individuos juveniles, lo cual garantizaría el crecimiento de las poblaciones. Respecto a Lepidocaryum, se encontró que los tamaños determinantes del crecimiento fueron los juveniles, por lo que la cosecha se debería enfocar sobre los individuos adultos y se debería eliminar por completo la práctica de cortar todas las hojas o los tallos. En cualquier caso, siempre se deben dejar por lo menos tres hojas (sin incluir la hoja bandera) en la corona. La actividad extractiva de las tres especies puede ser sostenible si se cumplen las recomendaciones de manejo propuestas aquí. Este trabajo muestra la importancia de modelar la dinámica poblacional por más de un año, debido a que la variación ambiental puede tener efectos importantes sobre el crecimiento poblacional. Pero por otro lado, también es importante tener en cuenta factores densodependientes, cuando se sabe que pueden incidir en la regulación de las poblaciones. La inclusión de estas variables permite tener un panorama más realista del comportamiento de las poblaciones cosechadas que al mismo tiempo son afectadas por factores ambientales y poblacionales.Abstract. The palms Iriartea deltoidea (barrigona or bombona), Socratea exhorriza (zancona or rayadora) and Lepidocaryum tenue (caraná or puy) are intensively used for building in the Colombian Amazon. The stems of Iriartea deltoidea and Socratea exhorriza are used in house structures, floors and handicrafts, while leaves of Lepidocaryun tenue are used for roofing. Iriartea has an important market in Mocoa city, from where raw material is traded. On the other hand, Socratea and Lepidocaryum are traded together in the caraná roofs, the most important and traditional roof in most of Colombian Amazon; despite its wide use, the trade of this species is exclusively local, although in Leticia the trade of roofs tends to increase due the rise of tourism. The extractive activity of three species could be jeopardize by deforestation (for Iriartea) or by overexploitation (for Lepidocaryum and Socratea). In order to determine the ecological sustainability of the harvest of the three palms, demographic studies were conducted between 2007 - 2011 for Lepidocaryum and between 2009 – 2012 for Iriartea and Socratea. The data collected was used to construct Integral Projection Models (IPM) with stochastic iterations and density-dependence factors (for Iriartea y Socratea), and matrix models with stochastic iterations (for Lepidocaryum). The models were used to establish the most important vital rates and sizes that affect the population growth rate. In addition, simulations of stems crop (Iriartea and Socratea) and simulations where vital rates was changed (Lepidocaryum) are made. Furthermore, in order to know the trade, management and value chain of the three species, surveys among craftsmen and marketers were made, this to propose alternative management options. The outcomes showed that the harvest of stems of Iriartea was sustainable under natural conditions (without changing vital rates); however, the presence of forest is necessary to natural regeneration survival, and harvest intensities must not exceed 50% of individuals greater than or equal to 20 m high, with turn harvest every 10 years. For Socratea the harvest simulations showed that any extraction on observed populations could lead to the species disappearance, because the harvestable sizes (≥ 15 m) are those that determine population growth; as an alternative to this drawback is recommended enrichment of forest with juveniles, which would ensure the growth of populations. Regarding Lepidocaryum, the population growth was determined by juvenile sizes, so the harvest should focus on adult individuals and should completely eliminate the practice of cutting all the leaves or stems. In any case, they must always leave at least three leaves (not including the flag leaf) on the crown. The extractive activity of the three species can be sustainable if the management recommendations are followed. This work shows the importance of modeling population dynamic for more than a year due that environmental variation can have a significant impact on population growth. But on the other hand, it is also important to consider density-dependent factors, when it is known that may affect population regulation. The inclusion of these variables allows seeing a more realistic behavior of populations harvested.Doctorad

Meeting the traffic requirements of residential users in the next decade with current FTTH standards: How much? How long?

Traffic demand in access networks has grown in recent years, and service providers need to upgrade their infrastructure to the latest access standards. While fiber has become the preferred technology of choice in access networks, there are many fibre access technologies available inthe market. This poses challenging questions to operators that are not always easy to answer: How to upgrade? What technology and for howlong wil it cope with the demands? In this article we model the traffic forecast in access networks for the next decade and analyze possible upgradescenarios of fibre access networks, concluding which of the NG-PON flavors could better fit the demand.The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Spanish project TEXEO (grant no. TEC2016-80339-R), and the EU-funded project Fed4Fire (grant no. 318389) to the development of this work

Dibenzothiophene adsorption at boron doped carbon nanoribbons studied within density functional theory

"The adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) on bare and boron-doped armchair carbon nanoribbons (ACNRs) is being investigated in the framework of the density functional theory by implementing periodic boundary conditions that include corrections from dispersion interactions. The reactivity of the ACNRs is characterized by using the Fukui functions as well as the electrostatic potential as local descriptors. Non-covalent adsorption mechanism is found when using the local Perdew-Becke-Ernzerhof functional, regardless of the DBT orientation and adsorption location. The dispersion interactions addition is a milestone to describe the adsorption process. The charge defects introduced in small number (i.e., by doping with B atoms), within the ACNRs increases the selectivity towards sulfur mainly due to the charge depletion at B sites. The DBT magnitude in the adsorption energy shows non-covalent interactions. As a consequence, the configurations where the DBT is adsorbed on a BC3 island increase the adsorption energy compared to random B arrangements. The stability of these configurations can be explained satisfactorily in terms of dipole interactions. Nevertheless, from the charge-density difference analysis and the weak Bader charge-distribution interactions cannot be ruled out completely. This is why the electronic properties of the ribbons are analyzed in order to elucidate the key role played by the B and DBT states in the adsorbed configurations.

Immediate placement of single implant simultaneously with immediate loading in a fresh socket associated to periapical infection: a clinical case report

Early restoration of the masticatory function, phonatory and aesthetics is some of the current goals of the therapy based on endosseous implants. Facing the classic protocols of implant insertion, which recommend a period of several months between extraction and implant placement, alternatives have been developed that demonstrate that immediate implant placement after tooth extraction permits adequate osseointegration, even in those cases where there is a periapical disease. The immediate restoration of implants after placement is a possibility where aesthetic requirements are high. This article presents a case with immediate implant placement and immediate loading of a first upper premolar with prior periapical pathology due to a vertical fracture. The immediate prosthetic was performed using the extracted crown, which is adapted to be attached to a titanium temporary abutment using a resin cement. After a 4 month healing period work began on the final prosthetic crown. The screw crown was made of zirconium oxide with a covering feldspathic ceramic. At the 12-month follow-up, there were no mechanical or biological complications. The patient gave high satisfaction marks for the overall treatment, giving visual analogue scale score of nine. Immediate post-extraction implants have arisen as an alternative to traditional implants on completely healed bone. Their main aim is to reduce treatment time and number of surgical procedures, along with other objectives such as reduced bone re-absorption and improved aesthetics

Salud mental y derechos humanos: La experiencia de los profesionales en formación en el uso de sujeciones mecánicas en Madrid, España

Mechanical restraint is a coercive procedure in psychiatry, which despite being permitted in Spain, raises significant ethical conflicts. Several studies argue that non-clinical factors – such as professionals’ experiences and contextual influences – may play a more important role than clinical factors (diagnosis or symptoms) in determining how these measures are employed. The aim of this study is to understand how the experiences of mental health professionals in training relate to the use of mechanical restraints in Madrid’s mental health network. Qualitative phenomenological research was conducted through focus groups in 2017. Interviews were transcribed for discussion and thematic analysis with Atlas.ti. Descriptive results suggest that these measures generate emotional distress and conflict with their role as caregivers. Our findings shed light on different factors related to their experiences and contexts that are important in understanding the use of mechanical restraint, as well as the contradictions of care in clinical practice.La sujeción mecánica en psiquiatría es un procedimiento permitido en España que despierta importantes conflictos éticos. Diversos estudios sostienen que su uso depende de factores no clínicos, como las experiencias de los profesionales y las influencias del contexto, más que de factores clínicos (diagnósticos o síntomas). El objetivo del estudio es comprender las experiencias de profesionales de salud mental en formación en relación con el uso de sujeciones en la red de salud mental de Madrid. Es un estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico mediante grupos focales, realizados en 2017. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas para su discusión y análisis temático mediante Atlas.ti. Los resultados descriptivos sugieren que estas medidas producen malestar y conflicto con relación al rol de cuidador y se observan estrategias de adaptación a los mismos. A partir de los hallazgos, se reflexiona acerca de aspectos de sus experiencias y del contexto que influyen en su uso, así como de las contradicciones del cuidado en la práctica clínica

Experiencia de covariación a partir del recubrimiento de superficies

En esta comunicación se expresan los aspectos que los profesores del área de matemáticas del colegio Champagnat de Bogotá, tuvieron en cuenta para el diseño de una secuencia de tareas y las implicaciones que este diseño tiene sobre el currículo de matemáticas a través de la reformulación de las encontradas en los libros de texto del proyecto “Juega y construye la matemática” y de la incursión de la tecnología en el aula; hemos reconocido aspectos de nuestro conocimiento didáctico y teórico relacionado con el pensamiento variacional y razonamiento covariacional, específicamente cómo los estudiantes construyen los conceptos ligados a éste, lo cual se ha convertido en nuestro objeto de estudio, por lo tanto cobra relevancia el diseño de secuencias de tareas orientadas al desarrollo de este pensamiento, mediado por instrumentos tecnológicos, lo cual ha motivado y puesto sobre la mesa aspectos del currículo de matemáticas que son necesarios modificar para llevar esta tarea adelante

The potential of essential oils from active packaging to reduce ethylene biosynthesis in plant products. Part 2: fruits (Blueberries and blackberries)

Plant essential oils (EOs) have an important ability to inhibit ethylene biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the effects of EOs on the key components of ethylene biosynthesis (l-aminocyclopropane1-carboxylic (ACC) oxidase activity, ACC synthase activity, and ACC content) have not yet been thoroughly studied. Accordingly, this study focused on the effects of emitted EOs from active packaging (EO doses from 100 to 1000 mg m−2 ) on the key components of ethylene biosynthesis of blueberries and blackberries under several storage temperatures. Anise EO and lemon EO active packaging induced the greatest inhibitory effects (60–76%) on the ethylene production of blueberries and blackberries, respectively, even at high storage temperatures (22 ◦C). In terms of EO doses, active packaging with 1000 mg m−2 of anise EO or lemon EO led to the highest reduction of ethylene production, respectively. At 22 ◦C, the investigated EO active packing reduced the activities of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase up to 50%. In order to minimise ethylene biosynthesis in blueberries and blackberries when they are stored even under improper temperature scenarios at high temperatures, this EO active packaging is a natural and efficient technological solution.The authors are grateful to the SPANISH MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION for the grant PID2020-119882RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Ginés Benito Martínez- Hernández was supported by a Beatriz Galindo scholarship (BG20-00069) from the SPANISH MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION. Alberto Garre was supported by a Ramón y Cajal scholarship (RYC2021-034612-I) from the SPANISH MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION. The authors are grateful to the company, Plus Berries, for facilitating the transport of blackberries to the facilities of the Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena