Apparatus for synthesizing and separating synthesis products e.g. gaseous and liquid phases on bed, maintains heavier liquid phase at lower portion of first meatus due to gravity and lighter liquid phase at upper portion of meatus

NOVELTY - The apparatus has header that is set to make the heavier and lighter liquid phases flow along outer side surface of a third tube (8) as far as first closure element (13). The third tube is provided with second side openings for directly connecting the first and second meatus. The heavier liquid phase is maintained at lower portion of the first meatus due to gravity and lighter liquid phase is maintained at upper portion of the first meatus until the liquid phases fall into a fourth tube (9). The heavier liquid phase is collectible through a collection hole (12). USE - Apparatus e.g. reactor/separator for synthesizing and separating synthesis products e.g. gaseous phase and heavier and lighter liquid phases on catalytic bed, used in production of biodiesel. ADVANTAGE - Since heavier liquid phase is maintained at lower portion of the first meatus due to gravity and lighter liquid phase is maintained at upper portion of the first meatus, sedimentation separation of the liquid phases is improved. The structure of the apparatus is simplified and the apparatus is constructed easily. The efficacy and use of catalyst are maximized. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus has synthesis module (M1) that is set with a first tube (1) which is provided with an opening at one end and closed at second end by a mesh (7). The first tube is adapted to contain a catalytic bed (6). A separation module (M2) is set to separate heavier and lighter liquid phases and gaseous phase originating from the synthesis module. A second tube (1') is arranged adjacent to second end of the first tube. A first closure element is provided with a through hole for sole passage of the second liquid and of the gaseous phase. A third tube is affixed to first end of second tube. A first meatus is set between second tube and the third tube. The fourth tube is set inside the third tube so as to define a second meatus between the third tube and the fourth tube. A separation zone is set between the heavier and lighter liquid phases. A collection hole is set in the second tube to collect the heavier liquid phase. The third tube is set with first side openings at first end, and is set with a header for collecting the liquid phases originating from the synthesis module. The first meatus is directly inserted into the third tube and subsequently into the fourth tube. A control system is set between the liquid phases, to check and maintain interface level below the upper end of the first side openings. The control system has interface level indicator that is connected to the second tube by second side holes envisaged in side surface of the second tube. One of the second side holes is arranged in proximity of the first closure element and other is positioned above the upper end of the first side openings. The protrusions are arranged along cylindrical side surface of the third tube, and are separated by spaces for passage of the liquid phases from the header to the first meatus. A redistribution module (M3) is set to redistribute the lighter liquid phase and gaseous phase originating from the fourth tube. A fifth tube (1") is arranged adjacent to second end of the second tube. The closure element is set with a central perforated area. A sixth tube (14) is set to descent and release of the gaseous phase. The central perforated area is provided with several holes for homogeneous distribution of lighter liquid phase downstream of the redistribution module. The sixth tube is affixed to a second closure element (15). The mesh is provided with a passage area. The synthesis module, separation module and redistribution module are vertically-stacked. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for synthesizing and separating synthesis products e.g. gaseous phase and heavier and lighter liquid phases on catalytic bed, involves synthesizing on a catalytic bed and producing the synthesis products. The liquid phases and gaseous phase are separated in the separation module

Diabetes and Obesity as Independent Risk Factors for Osteoporosis: Updated Results from the ROIS/EMEROS Registry in a Population of Five Thousand Post-Menopausal Women Living in a Region Characterized by Heavy Environmental Pressure

EMEROS/ROIS Registry is a project funded by ISBEM and supported by Medicina Futura Research

Does make-up make you feel smarter? The "lipstick effect" extended to academic achievement.

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that higher levels of self-esteem are associated with better academic performance. However, there is no evidence if make-up can indirectly influence academic achievement and cognition through self-esteem. In this study, we examined the possibility that make-up can affect academic performance by asking 186 female undergraduate students to take a simulated university examination. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups, which consisted of wearing make-up, listening to positive music, and face coloring. Results showed that female students who had put make-up on received higher grades compared to those who did not. In addition, these students outperformed students with positive mood only and students who were engaged in a control activity. These findings underline the necessity of adopting a multidimensional approach to learning and memory and attest to the importance of studying further the interaction between physical self-esteem and cosmetics in cognition

Delayed or anticipated reproduction in the asp viper (Vipera aspis)? New field records

Field reports of delayed and anticipated parturition in the viperid snake Vipera aspis

Is working memory affective in dementia of alzheimer's type?

Abstract Background: The aim of the present study was to examine whether patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Type (DAT) show a working memory emotional enhancement effect. Methods: We used a

Fast algorithm for real-time rings reconstruction

The GAP project is dedicated to study the application of GPU in several contexts in which real-time response is important to take decisions. The definition of real-time depends on the application under study, ranging from answer time of μs up to several hours in case of very computing intensive task. During this conference we presented our work in low level triggers [1] [2] and high level triggers [3] in high energy physics experiments, and specific application for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [4] [5] and cone-beam CT [6]. Apart from the study of dedicated solution to decrease the latency due to data transport and preparation, the computing algorithms play an essential role in any GPU application. In this contribution, we show an original algorithm developed for triggers application, to accelerate the ring reconstruction in RICH detector when it is not possible to have seeds for reconstruction from external trackers

Aging and Others’ Pain Processing: Implications for Hospitalization

Objectives. While self-pain perception has been widely investigated in aging, the perception as well as memory of pain in others has received little attention. Methods. The study was designed as a cross-sectional behavioral study in which a group of 41 younger and a group of 41 older adults evaluated a series of valenced and pain-related pictures and were later required to recall them. Results. We found that older adults judge the stimuli as being less intense compared to their younger counterparts. However, older adults remembered a larger number of pictures with individuals expressing pain compared to pictures with individuals who have neutral or positive facial expressions. Conclusions. Older adults may underestimate emotional intensity in others, but they seem to remember painful information in others as well as younger adults. These data are discussed in terms of theories of pain perception and implications for hospitalization

The Relation between Self-Reported Empathy and Motor Identification with Imagined Agents

Background:In a previous study, we found that when required to imagine another person performing an action, participants reported a higher correspondence between their own handedness and the hand used by the imagined person when the agent was seen from the back compared to when the agent was seen from the front. This result was explained as evidence of a greater involvement of motor areas in the back-view perspective, possibly indicating a greater proneness to put oneself in the agent's shoes in such a condition. In turn, the proneness to put oneself in another's shoes could also be considered as a cue of greater identification with the other, that is a form of empathy. If this is the case, the proportion of lateral matches vs mismatches should be different for subjects with high and low self-reported empathy. In the present study, we aimed at testing this hypothesis.Methodology/Principal Findings:Participants were required to imagine a person performing a single manual action in a back view and to indicate the hand used by the imagined person during movement execution. Consistent with our hypothesis, the proportion of matching between the handedness of participants and the handedness of agents imagined was higher for participants scoring high in a self-report measure of empathy. Importantly, this relationship was specific for females.Conclusions/Significance:At least for females, our data seem to corroborate the idea of a link between self-reported empathy and motor identification with imagined agents. This sex-specific result is consistent with neuroimaging studies indicating a stronger involvement of action representations during emotional and empathic processing in females than in males. In sum, our findings underline the possibility of employing behavioral research as a test-bed for theories deriving from functional studies suggesting a link between empathic processing and the activation of motor-related areas

Focusing narrowly or broadly attention when judging categorical and coordinate spatial relations: A MEG study

We measured activity in the dorsal system of the human cortex with magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a matching-to-sample plus cueing paradigm, where participants judged the occurrence of changes in either categorical or coordinate spatial relations (e.g., exchanges of left versus right positions or changes in the relative distances) between images of pairs of animals. The attention window was primed in each trial to be either small or large by using cues that immediately preceded the matching image. In this manner, we could assess the modulatory effects of the scope of attention on the activity of the dorsal system of the human cortex during spatial relations processing. The MEG measurements revealed that large spatial cues yielded greater activations and longer peak latencies in the right inferior parietal lobe for coordinate trials, whereas small cues yielded greater activations and longer peak latencies in the left inferior parietal lobe for categorical trials. The activity in the superior parietal lobe, middle frontal gyrus, and visual cortex, was also modulated by the size of the spatial cues and by the type of spatial relation change. The present results support the theory that the lateralization of each kind of spatial processing hinges on differences in the sizes of regions of space attended to by the two hemispheres. In addition, the present findings are inconsistent with the idea of a right-hemispheric dominance for all kinds of challenging spatial tasks, since response times and accuracy rates showed that the categorical spatial relation task was more difficult than the coordinate task and the cortical activations were overall greater in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere