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Multipulse Processing Algorithm for Improving Mean Velocity Estimation in Weather Radar

Fil: Pascual, Juan Pablo. Instutito Balseiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Pascual, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Argentina.Fil: Cogo, Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Centro Interdisciplinario de Telecomunicaciones, Electrónica, Computación y Ciencia Aplicada. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Cogo, Jorge. Instutito Balseiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Collado Rosell, Arturo. Comisión Nacional de Energı́a Atómica (CNEA). Bariloche, Argentina.Fil: Collado Rosell, Arturo. Instutito Balseiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Areta, Javier Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Centro Interdisciplinario de Telecomunicaciones, Electrónica, Computación y Ciencia Aplicada. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Areta, Javier Alberto. Instutito Balseiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Areta, Javier Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Argentina.In this article, we present a novel algorithm termed multipulse processing (MPP) for improving mean Doppler velocity estimation in weather radar applications. It can be used for both staggered pulse repetition time (PRT) and uniform-PRT sequences. Essentially, MPP consists of finding a particular zero of a functional composed of data autocorrelation estimates at multiple lags. To select the proper zero, an initial Doppler velocity estimate is required. Therefore, MPP can be considered as an estimation refinement stage. Its advantage lies in the fact that it uses the complete information contained in the radar signal autocorrelation. After a theoretical analysis, we compare the performance of MPP against other well-established methods of similar complexity and the Cramér–Rao lower bound, by means of Monte Carlo simulations using synthetic data. We show that the proposed estimator offers the lowest root-mean-square error (RMSE) at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) situations for a wide range of spectral widths. Finally, we evaluate the MPP algorithm performance using real data measured by the RMA Argentinian weather radar. The results of tests performed are consistent with those of Monte Carlo simulations and validate the proposed method.En este artículo, presentamos un algoritmo novedoso denominado procesamiento multipulso (MPP) para mejorar la estimación de la velocidad Doppler media en aplicaciones de radares meteorológicos. Se puede utilizar tanto para secuencias de tiempo de repetición de pulso (PRT) escalonadas como de PRT uniforme. Esencialmente, MPP consiste en encontrar un cero particular de un funcional compuesto por estimaciones de la autocorrelación de los datos en múltiples retardos. Para seleccionar el cero adecuado, se requiere una estimación inicial de la velocidad Doppler. Por lo tanto, MPP puede considerarse como una etapa de refinamiento de la estimación. Su ventaja radica en que utiliza la información completa contenida en la autocorrelación de la señal del radar. Después de un análisis teórico, comparamos el rendimiento de MPP con otros métodos bien establecidos de complejidad similar y con la cota Cramér-Rao, mediante simulaciones de Monte Carlo utilizando datos sintéticos. Mostramos que el estimador propuesto ofrece el error cuadrático medio (RMSE) más bajo en situaciones de relación señal-ruido (SNR) baja para una amplia gama de anchos espectrales. Finalmente, evaluamos el rendimiento del algoritmo MPP utilizando datos reales medidos por el radar meteorológico argentino RMA. Los resultados de las pruebas realizadas son consistentes con los de las simulaciones de Monte Carlo y validan el método propuesto

Weather Radar Receiver Identification for Improving Wi-Fi Interference Detection

Fil: Cogo, Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Centro Interdisciplinario de Telecomunicaciones, Electrónica, Computación y Ciencia Aplicada. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Cogo, Jorge. Instutito Balseiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Collado Rosell, Arturo. Comisión Nacional de Energı́a Atómica (CNEA). Bariloche, Argentina.Fil: Collado Rosell, Arturo. Instutito Balseiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Areta, Javier Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Centro Interdisciplinario de Telecomunicaciones, Electrónica, Computación y Ciencia Aplicada. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Areta, Javier Alberto. Instutito Balseiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Areta, Javier Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Argentina.Fil: Pascual, Juan Pablo. Instutito Balseiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Pascual, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Argentina.One of the main sources of electromagnetic interference that affects the operation of weather radars is due to Wi-Fi networks that operate in the same frequency band. There are various signal processing strategies to mitigate the interference effect. One of these strategies is to detect the signal using the deterministic preamble of the Wi-Fi packets. This work presents a radar receiver identification technique that allows generating a reference signal that better assimilates the preamble received in the processing stage and therefore helps to improve the method for detecting these interfering signals.Una de las principales fuentes de interferencia electromagnética que afecta al funcionamiento de los radares meteorológicos se debe a las redes Wi-Fi que operan en la misma banda de frecuencia. Hay varias estrategias de procesamiento de señales para mitigar el efecto de interferencia. Una de estas estrategias es detectar la señal utilizando el preámbulo de los paquetes Wi-Fi. Este trabajo presenta una técnica de identificación del receptor del radar que permite generar una señal de referencia que se asimila mejor al preámbulo recibido en la etapa de procesamiento y por tanto ayuda a mejorar el método de detección de estas señales interferentes

DIRETIVAS ANTECIPADAS: DESEJOS DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE E CUIDADORES FAMILIARES

Objetivo: conhecer o entendimento de enfermeiros, médicos e cuidadores familiares, quando remetidos à possibilidade de se tornarem doentes em fase final, sobre a aplicabilidade das diretivas antecipadas de vontade. Método: estudo qualitativo com enfermeiros, médicos e familiares de doentes em fase final de vida. A coleta dos dados ocorreu entre outubro e dezembro de 2014 mediante a entrevista semiestruturada. Foi realizada a análise textual discursiva dos dados. Resultados: enfocaram a aplicabilidade das Diretivas antecipadas de vontade e desejos de profissionais e familiares na manutenção da dignidade e autonomia pessoal; e a insegurança da aplicabilidade das diretivas. Conclusão: apesar de aceitarem e desejarem a realização das diretivas antecipadas, os participantes expressaram temores referentes à sua aplicabilidade, de que suas vontades não fossem respeitadas, ou que pudessem modificar-se ao se defrontarem com a situação de fase final, do seu abandono pelos profissionais e da sua insegurança quanto aos diagnósticos e prognósticos.Descritores: Doente Terminal; Diretivas Antecipadas; Profissionais de Saúde; Autonomia Pessoal; Cuidadores

Primary Pulmonary Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: A Rare Cause of PET-Negative Pulmonary Nodules

We report here a case of primary pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma diagnosed in a 67-year-old Caucasian man, presenting with exertion dyspnoea, dry cough, and multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules revealed by computed tomography. At the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, these nodules were negative. The histopathological diagnosis was made on a pulmonary wedge resection (performed during video-thoracoscopic surgery)

NUTRITIONAL CONDITION OF CHILDREN WHO BENEFIT FROM THE “BOLSA FAMÍLIA” PROGRAMME IN A CITY OF NORTHWESTERN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

Introdution: The direct income transfer programmes such as “BolsaFamília” have the important function of making it possible for aspects of life to receive the necessary care and importance in order to improve the quality of life. One of the aspects concerns food and healthy nutrition. Objective: The objective was to assess the nutritional condition of children under five years old whose families are benefited by the programme”BolsaFamília” in a city of northwestern São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out using the medical records of 284 children under the age of five, from which socio-demographic, weight and height data were collected. In order to diagnose children’s nutritional condition,the indicators weight/age, height/age and weight/height were used, from the cutoffpoint z-score, recommended by the WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used to analyse data, assessing the association of indicators, gender and age. Results: 8.8% of the children have deficits concerning height/age and 4.2% have deficits concerning weight/age; 8.1% and 7.4% are overweight concerning weight/age and weight/height; 4.6 % of the children under 2 years oldhave higher weight than the expected for their age and also for their height, and 7.8% of the children have low height for their age. The prevalence of weight deficit and excess in children observed in this study were similar to those found in other regions of Brazil. Conclusion: The maintenance of the nutritional surveillance system is extremely important in order to detect risk groups and help plan effective measures to prevent and correct nutritional problems

A Clinical Rationale for Assessing the Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Adjunctive Subcutaneous Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Background: A history of child sexual abuse (CSA) is related to higher suicide rates and poor treatment outcomes in depressed adult patients. Twenty years after the first study investigating the effects of ketamine/esketamine on depression and suicide, there is a lack of data on the CSA effects on this emerging treatment. Here, we assess the impact of CSA on adjunctive subcutaneous (SC) esketamine for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods: A directed acyclic graphic (DAG) was designed to identify clinical confounders between CSA and esketamine predictors of response. The confounders were applied in a statistical model to predict depression symptom trajectory in a sample of 67 TRD outpatients. Results: The patient sample had a relatively high prevalence rate of CSA (35.82%). Positive family history of first-degree relatives with alcohol use disorder and sex were clinical mediators of the effects of esketamine in a CSA adult population. Overall, the presence of at least one CSA event was unrelated to esketamine symptom reduction. Conclusions: Unlike responses to conventional antidepressants and psychotherapy, CSA does not appear to predict poor response to esketamine.publishedVersio