The Use of Quercetin to Improve the Antioxidant and Regenerative Properties of Frozen or Cryopreserved Human Amniotic Membrane

none7noPurpura, Valeria; Benedetti, Serena; Bondioli, Elena; Scarpellini, Francesca; Giacometti, Agnese; Albertini, Maria Cristina; Melandri, DavidePurpura, Valeria; Benedetti, Serena; Bondioli, Elena; Scarpellini, Francesca; Giacometti, Agnese; Albertini, Maria Cristina; Melandri, David

Cydonia oblonga Mill. Pulp Callus Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Injured Cells

The pharmacological activity of a callus extract from the pulp of Cydonia oblonga Mill., also known as quince, was investigated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines. In particular, the anti-inflammatory activity of C. oblonga Mill. pulp callus extract was assessed in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 by the Griess test and in LPS-treated HaCaT human keratinocytes by examining the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory process, including nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1 ), nuclear factor-kappa-B inhibitor alfa (ikB ), and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by quantizing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-injured HaCaT cell line. The obtained results indicate that C. oblonga callus from fruit pulp extract has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting its possible application in delaying and preventing acute or chronic diseases associated with aging or in the treatment of wound dressing

Curcumin, Polydatin and Quercetin Synergistic Activity Protects from High-Glucose-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

none10noChronic hyperglycemia, the diagnostic biomarker of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is a condition that fosters oxidative stress and proinflammatory signals, both involved in the promotion of cellular senescence. Senescent cells acquire a proinflammatory secretory phenotype, called SASP, exacerbating and perpetuating the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia. Bioactive compounds can exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the most extensively investigated natural compounds have not been confirmed yet in senescent cells and in hyperglycemic conditions. Here, we exposed young and replicative senescent HUVEC (yHUVEC and sHUVEC) to a high-glucose (HG) condition (45 mM) and treated them with Polydatin (POL), Curcumin (CUR) and Quercetin (QRC), alone or in combination (MIX), to mirror the anti-inflammatory component OxiDefTM contained in the novel nutraceutical GlicefenTM (Mivell, Italy). In both yHUVEC and sHUVEC, the MIX significantly decreased the expression levels of inflammatory markers, such as MCP-1, IL-1β and IL-8, and ROS production. Importantly, in sHUVEC, a synergistic effect of the MIX was observed, suggesting its senomorphic activity. Moreover, the MIX was able to reduce the expression level of RAGE, a receptor involved in the activation of proinflammatory signaling. Overall, our data suggest that the consumption of nutraceuticals containing different natural compounds could be an adjuvant supplement to counteract proinflammatory and pro-oxidative signals induced by both hyperglycemic and senescence conditions.openMatacchione, Giulia; Valli, Debora; Silvestrini, Andrea; Giuliani, Angelica; Sabbatinelli, Jacopo; Giordani, Chiara; Coppari, Sofia; Rippo, Maria Rita; Albertini, Maria Cristina; Olivieri, FabiolaMatacchione, Giulia; Valli, Debora; Silvestrini, Andrea; Giuliani, Angelica; Sabbatinelli, Jacopo; Giordani, Chiara; Coppari, Sofia; Rippo, Maria Rita; Albertini, Maria Cristina; Olivieri, Fabiol

Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways

open9sì: The COVID-19 pandemic and its virus variants continue to pose a serious and long-lasting threat worldwide. To combat the pandemic, the world's largest COVID-19 vaccination campaign is currently ongoing. As of July 19th 2021, 26.2% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (1.04 billion), and one billion has been fully vaccinated, with very high vaccination rates in countries like Israel, Malta, and the UEA. Conversely, only 1% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose with examples of vaccination frequency as low as 0.07% in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is thus of paramount importance that more research on alternate methods to counter cell infection and propagation is undertaken that could be implemented in low-income countries. Moreover, an adjunctive therapeutic intervention would help to avoid disease exacerbation in high-rate vaccinated countries too. Based on experimental biochemical evidence on viral cell fusion and propagation, herein we identify (i) extracellular pH (epH), (ii) temperature, and (iii) humidity and osmolarity as critical factors. These factors are here in discussed along with their implications on mucus thick layer, proteases, abundance of sialic acid, vascular permeability and exudate/edema. Heated, humidified air containing sodium bicarbonate has long been used in the treatment of certain diseases, and here we argue that warm inhalation of sodium bicarbonate might successfully target these endpoints. Although we highlight the molecular/cellular basis and the signalling pathways to support this intervention, we underscore the need for clinical investigations to encourage further research and clinical trials. In addition, we think that such an approach is also important in light of the high mutation rate of this virus originating from a rapid increase.openCicconetti, Franco; Sestili, Piero; Madiai, Valeria; Albertini, Maria Cristina; Campanella, Luigi; Coppari, Sofia; Fraternale, Daniele; Saunders, Bryan; Teodori, LauraCicconetti, Franco; Sestili, Piero; Madiai, Valeria; Albertini, Maria Cristina; Campanella, Luigi; Coppari, Sofia; Fraternale, Daniele; Saunders, Bryan; Teodori, Laur

chemical composition antioxidant antimicrobial and anti inflammatory activity of prunus spinosa l fruit ethanol extract

n/

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammaging Ability of Prune (Prunus Spinosa L.) Extract Result in Improved Wound Healing Efficacy

none12sìPrunus spinosa L. fruit (PSF) ethanol extract, showing a peculiar content of biologically active molecules (polyphenols), was investigated for its wound healing capacity, a typical feature that declines during aging and is negatively affected by the persistence of inflammation and oxidative stress. To this aim, first, PSF anti-inflammatory properties were tested on young and senescent LPS-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). As a result, PSF treatment increased miR-146a and decreased IRAK-1 and IL-6 expression levels. In addition, the PSF antioxidant effect was validated in vitro with DPPH assay and confirmed by in vivo treatments in C. elegans. Our findings showed beneficial effects on worms’ lifespan and healthspan with positive outcomes on longevity markers (i.e., miR-124 upregulation and miR-39 downregulation) as well. The PSF effect on wound healing was tested using the same cells and experimental conditions employed to investigate PSF antioxidant and anti-inflammaging ability. PSF treatment resulted in a significant improvement of wound healing closure (ca. 70%), through cell migration, both in young and older cells, associated to a downregulation of inflammation markers. In conclusion, PSF extract antioxidant and antiinflammaging abilities result in improved wound healing capacity, thus suggesting that PSF might be helpful to improve the quality of life for its beneficial health effects.openSofia Coppari, Mariastella Colomba, Daniele Fraternale, Vanessa Brinkmann, Margherita Romeo, Marco Bruno Luigi Rocchi, Barbara Di Giacomo, Michele Mari, Loretta Guidi, Seeram Ramakrishna, Natascia Ventura, Maria Cristina AlbertiniCoppari, Sofia; Colomba, Mariastella; Fraternale, Daniele; Brinkmann, Vanessa; Romeo, Margherita; Rocchi, MARCO BRUNO LUIGI; DI GIACOMO, Barbara; Mari, Michele; Guidi, Loretta; Ramakrishna, Seeram; Ventura, Natascia; Albertini, MARIA CRISTIN

Production of enzymes by filamentous fungus using sugarcane and sugarcane bagasse as substrate

The production of enzymes by bioprocesses is a good alternative to add value to agroindustrial waste. Sugarcane bagasse, an abundant and cheap by-product of the sugar industry, was tested as a carbon source for the production of biotechnological interesting enzymes. In this work, fungi were isolated from anatomical parts of sugarcane (root, steam and leaf) and, then, were assessed for enzyme production. The isolated and identified fungi were Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma auroviride and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Trichoderma auroviride was used for enzyme production (xylanase, invertase and protease) using sugarcane as substrate. Xylanase production (2037 U) by Trichoderma auroviride was higher than invertase and protease production; thus, this enzyme was selected for the further studies. The study of the influence of variables (temperature and stirring intensity) on xylanase production by Trichoderma auroviride, using sugarcane bagasse as substrate, showed that the most favorable xylanase production conditions were observed at 25 °C, without stirring intensity and using saline and Tween for enzyme extraction, which led to a 1980 U xylanase activity.(Produção de enzimas por fungos filamentosos utilizando cana-de-açúcar e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como substrato). A produção de enzimas por bioprocessos é uma boa alternativa para agregar valor a resíduos agroindustriais. O bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, um abundante e barato subproduto da indústria de açúcar, foi testado como fonte de carbono para a produção de enzimas de interesse biotecnológico. Neste trabalho foi realizado o isolamento e identificação de fungos a partir de peças anatômicas (caule, raiz e folha) da cana-de-açúcar e em seguida foi realizada a investigação da produção de enzimas por esses microrganismos. Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma auroviride e Cladosporium cladosporioides foram os fungos isolados e identificados. Trichoderma auroviride foi utilizado para a produção de enzimas (xilanase, invertase e protease) utilizando cana-de-açúcar como substrato. A produção de xilanase (2037 U) por Trichoderma auroviride foi maior que a produção de protease e de invertase, portanto, essa enzima foi selecionada para estudos posteriores. O estudo da influência das variáveis temperatura e intensidade de agitação na produção da xilanase por Trichoderma auroviride usando bagaço da cana-de-açúcar como substrato demonstrou que a condição mais favorável para a produção de xilanase foi observada a 25 °C, sem agitação e utilizando solução salina e Tween para extração da enzima, o que levou a uma produção de xilanase de 1980 U

Prunus spinosa Extract Loaded in Biomimetic Nanoparticles Evokes In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Activities

none14sìPrunus spinosa fruits (PSF) contain different phenolic compounds showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Innovative drug delivery systems such as biomimetic nanoparticles could improve the activity of PSF extract by promoting (i) the protection of payload into the lipidic bilayer, (ii) increased accumulation to the diseased tissue due to specific targeting properties, (iii) improved biocompatibility, (iv) low toxicity and increased bioavailability. Using membrane proteins extracted from human monocyte cell line THP-1 cells and a mixture of phospholipids, we formulated two types of PSF-extract-loaded biomimetic vesicles differing from each other for the presence of either 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG). The biological activity of free extract (PSF), compared to both types of extract-loaded vesicles (PSF-DOPCs and PSF-DOPGs) and empty vesicles (DOPCs and DOPGs), was evaluated in vitro on HUVEC cells. PSF-DOPCs showed preferential incorporation of the extract. When enriched into the nanovesicles, the extract showed a significantly increased anti-inflammatory activity, and a pronounced wound-healing effect (with PSF-DOPCs more efficient than PSF-DOPG) compared to free PSF. This innovative drug delivery system, combining nutraceutical active ingredients into a biomimetic formulation, represents a possible adjuvant therapy for the treatment of wound healing. This nanoplatform could be useful for the encapsulation/enrichment of other nutraceutical products with short stability and low bioavailability.openTiboni, Mattia; Coppari, Sofia; Casettari, Luca; Guescini, Michele; Colomba, Mariastella; Fraternale, Daniele; Gorassini, Andrea; Verardo, Giancarlo; Ramakrishna, Seeram; Guidi, Loretta; Di Giacomo, Barbara; Mari, Michele; Molinaro, Roberto; Albertini, Maria CristinaTiboni, Mattia; Coppari, Sofia; Casettari, Luca; Guescini, Michele; Colomba, Mariastella; Fraternale, Daniele; Gorassini, Andrea; Verardo, Giancarlo; Ramakrishna, Seeram; Guidi, Loretta; Di Giacomo, Barbara; Mari, Michele; Molinaro, Roberto; Albertini, Maria Cristin