Badgasten in een werelderfgoed:de ontwikkeling van het toerisme in het Nederlandse waddengebied nader beschouwd

Elk jaar bezoeken tussen de een en twee miljoen mensen het waddengebied. Het toerisme is daar uitgegroeid tot een van de belangrijkste economische activiteiten. In Nederland zijn vooral de eilanden een populaire vakantiebestemming. Fietsen, wandelen en strandbezoek zijn populaire activiteiten. De authentieke atmosfeer, het strand en het duinlandschap worden het meest gewaardeerd. De natuurwaarden van de Waddenzee spelen een minder grote rol, hoewel uit onderzoek blijkt dat er een zekere relatie bestaat tussen natuurervaringen en de plaatsgebondenheid van de toerist. In tegenstelling tot Duitsland komt het toerisme op de vastelandskust van Noord-Holland, Friesland en Groningen nauwelijks op gang en kan niet profiteren van de stroom bezoekers naar de Waddeneilanden. De recente aanwijzing van de Waddenzee tot werelderfgoed wordt over het algemeen gezien als een belangrijke stimulans voor de ontwikkeling van het toerisme. In Nederland blijkt de werelderfgoedstatus echter nog relatief onbekend te zijn. In tegenstelling tot het Duitse kustgebied wordt door ondernemers deze status niet of nauwelijks benut. Met de werelderfgoedstatus van de Waddenzee en de voorgenomen uitbreiding van het vliegveld Eelde als nieuwe uitdagingen zijn met behulp van scenarioplanning een aantal richtingen voor de ontwikkeling van het toerisme in Noord-Nederland geïdentificeerd en uitgewerkt in 23 product-markt-partner-combinaties. Deze hebben het karakter van shortbreaks waarin een bezoek aan het waddengebied gekoppeld wordt aan andere highlights in Noord-Nederlan

Understanding millennials' tourism experience: values and meaning to travel as a key for identifying target clusters for youth (sustainable) tourism

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to better understand the tourism experience of millennials by connecting their value orientations to the meaning that they give to travel. In doing so, it also aims at discovering profiles of young tourists that can be targeted both now and in the future by tourism organisations. Design/methodology/approach A survey based on validated scales reached 423 Dutch millennials. An integrated multidimensional research strategy has been applied where models that reduce the gathered data to fewer components (principal component analyses) were followed by a cluster analysis. Findings Ten value orientations (Schwartz, 1994) and four travel meanings have been identified. By combining these ten value orientations and four meanings, nine clusters have been identified representing groups of millennial tourists with different needs. For example, while two clusters fit into the popular description of young travellers seeking only unpretentious enjoyment, millennials represented in two other clusters are strongly motivated by self-transcending values, distance themselves from the travel meaning escapism and relaxation and will therefore not positively respond to a merely hedonic travel offer. Research limitations/implications Replication of this research is recommended in other national contexts, possibly using a longitudinal approach. Practical implications The nine clusters should be approached with a dedicated travel offer. In particular, at least two clusters of millennials may be successfully approached with a sustainable tourism offer. Originality/value The combination of value orientations and travel meanings portrays a detailed and realistic picture of the tourism experience looked for by millennials

Embodied representation of the body contains veridical spatial information

In two experiments, the extent to which mental body representations contain spatial information was examined. Participants were asked to compare distances between various body parts. Similar to what happens when people compare distances on a real visual stimulus, they were faster as the distance differences between body parts became larger (Experiment 1), and this effect could not (only) be explained by the crossing of major bodily categories (umbilicus to knee vs. knee to ankle; Experiment 2). In addition, participants also performed simple animate/inanimate verification on a set of nouns. The nouns describing animate items were names of body parts. A spatial priming effect was found: Verification was faster for body part items preceded by body parts in close spatial proximity. This suggests automatic activation of spatial body information. Taken together, results from the distance comparison task and the property verification task showed that mental body representations contain both categorical and more metric spatial information. These findings are further discussed in terms of recent embodied cognition theories

Застосування ідарубіцину в сучасній гематологічній практиці

Узагальнені результати застосування ідарубіцину при різних формах злоякісних гематологічних захворювань. Представлені сучасні уявлення про механізм дії ідарубіцину, зокрема, висвітлені нові можливості в подоланні множинної медикаментозної резистентності. Показані переваги ідарубіцину порівняно з іншими цитостатичними препаратами групи антрациклінів. Наведені традиційні дози та режими застосування ідарубіцину, а також можливості комбінацій з іншими цитостатичними засобами.The results of treatment of various neoplastic disorders with idarubicin are summarized. The review presents modern concepts of the mechanisms of idarubicin action, including as a means of overcoming multiple drug resistance, along with advantages of idarubicin in comparison with other anthracyclines. Information is provided on conventional doses and schedules of idarubicin administration as well as new possibilities of the most efficient combinations with other cytotoxic drugs

Huge impact of assumptions on indirect effects on the cost-effectiveness of routine infant vaccination with 7-valent conjugate vaccine (Prevnar (R))

Several recently published European cost-effectiveness studies on the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7: Prevnar (R)) have included net-indirect vaccine benefits for non-vaccine protected groups into their studies, which might be too optimistic an approach given recent data. Net-indirect effects result from herd protection minus serotype replacement effects. In this study we analyze the impact of net-indirect effects in non-vaccine protected groups of 5 years of age and older with updated assumptions regarding epidemiologic data and health care unit costs. Without net-indirect benefits for non-vaccine protected groups included the cost-effectiveness ratio is estimated at (sic)72,360 per QALY. In order to obtain cost-effectiveness ratios below the threshold of (sic)50,000 per QALY - which is in the middle of the range that is often referred to in the Netherlands - the net-indirect protective effect should at least be 16% of which has been observed in the USA after the introduction of PCV-7. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Анализ использования рабочего времени директоров центров гигиены и эпидемиологии

Представлены результаты изучения и дана объективная оценка использования рабочего времени директоров центров гигиены и эпидемиологии г. Баку. Даны научно обоснованные рекомендации по повышению рациональности использования рабочего времени руководителей учреждений санитарно−эпидемиологического обслуживания населения.The findings of the study and objective evaluation of the working time use by the directors of centers for hygiene and epidemiology (Baku) are reported. Scientifically validated recommendations on rational use of the working time by the managers of the establishments for sanitary−epidemiological service are given

The era of our lives: The memory of Korsakoff patients for the first Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in the Netherlands

Memories for worldwide and emotional events (such as 9/11) are more vividly relived and recalled than memories for everyday events. Previous studies have shown that flashbulb memories of a single event enhanced the memory strength in severe amnesia. It is currently unknown whether macro-events that stretch out over longer periods of time (weeks, months) strengthen memory even further. Our aim was therefore to investigate to what extent patients with severe amnesia, due to Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), were able to relive the first Covid-19 lockdown in the Netherlands, and whether experienced emotions enhanced reliving of the participants. We included 22 KS patients and 24 age-, education-, and gender-matched healthy controls. Covid-19 related memories were assessed by measures of autobiographical memory specificity, phenomenological reliving, emotional intensity and semantic-and episodic knowledge about the first lockdown in March 2020 - May 2020 in the Netherlands. Although amnesia patients remembered significantly fewer autobiographical details regarding the Covid-19 lockdown than healthy controls, one fourth of the KS patients recalled specific events. Amnesia patients reported levels of emotional intensity equivalent to those in the control group. Stronger autobiographical reliving was associated with higher emotional intensity. Both amnesia patients and healthy controls had higher recall of episodic than semantic lockdown related information. In conclusion, results demonstrate that information for macro-events can still be memorized and relived, most specifically when emotional valence is high, even by highly amnestic patients

Cost Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Men Who have Sex with Men; Reviewing the Available Evidence

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men require special attention for human papillomavirus vaccination given elevated infection risks and the development of, in particular, anal cancer. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to review the cost effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination for both currently vaccine-eligible and non-eligible individuals, particularly the men-who-have-sex-with-men population, and synthesize the available evidence. METHODS: We systematically searched for published articles in two main databases (PubMed and EMBASE). Screening and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed using a validated instrument (Bias in Economic Evaluation, ECOBIAS). Methodological aspects, study results, and sensitivity analyses were extracted and synthesized to generate a consistent overview of the cost effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination in the men-who-have-sex-with-men population. RESULTS: From 770 identified articles, four met the inclusion criteria. Across the studies, human papillomavirus vaccination showed incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranging from dominant to US$96,146 and US$14,000 to US$18,200 for tertiary prevention and primary prevention, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio seemed most sensitive to vaccine efficacy, vaccine costs, and the incidence of anal cancer in the selected target populations. CONCLUSION: This review presents the human papillomavirus vaccine, both as a primary and adjuvant (tertiary) vaccination, as a potentially cost-effective strategy for preventing mainly-but not limited to only-anal cancer in men-who-have-sex-with-men populations

Организационная модель аудита доходов санаторно-курортных предприятий

Целью статьи является определение сущности с учетом взглядов ученых и обоснование особенностей организационной модели аудита доходов санаторно-курортных организаций.Метою статті є визначення суті з урахуванням поглядів учених і обґрунтування особливостей організаційної моделі аудиту доходів санаторно-курортних організацій